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Cross Sectional Anatomy > FINAL!!!DMS 121 > Flashcards

FINAL!!!DMS 121 Flashcards

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1
Q

Planes divide the body into Inferior and superior

A

TRANSVERSE

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2
Q

What divides the body into Right and Left

A

LOGITUDINAL

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3
Q

What divides the body into Anterior and Posterior

A

SAGGITAL OR CORONA

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4
Q

What else can be used to described Superior

A

Cranial or Cephalic

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5
Q

What else can be used to described Inferior

A

Caudal

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6
Q

What else can be used to described Anterior

A

Ventral

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7
Q

What else can be used to described Posteior

A

Dorsal

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8
Q

What divides into two layers in the peritoneum

A

Visceral (covers the organ) and Parieta (lines the wall)

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9
Q

What is a 2 layered or double layered fold of peritoneum

A

MESENTERY

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10
Q

Whatr extensive peritoneal pouch is posterior to stomach

A

Lesser omentum/ Lesser Sac

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11
Q

What specific thing can occur in the peritoneum with phatalogy?

A

Aascites, fluid, infectious, accumulation, pus, blood, bile etc

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12
Q

What organs are in the peritoneal name 10

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. Ureters
  3. Adrenal
  4. Pancreas
  5. Great Vessels
  6. Bladder
  7. Uterus
  8. Duodenum
  9. Prostate
  10. Colon
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13
Q

What makes up the portal triad?

A

Portal Vein
Hepatic artery
Common Bile Duct

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14
Q

from the portal triad which one is more lateral

A

Lateral-CBD

Medial- Hepatic artery

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15
Q

Described the way the Portal Vein is entering?
Is the blood Deoxygenated or Oxygenated
How much?

A

Horizontally or oblique
Oxygenated
70 or 80%

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16
Q

How many liver lobes

Name them

A 
4
Right lobe
Left lobe
Caudate lobe
Quadrate Lobe
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17
Q

Which lobe in the liver is the smallets?

A

Quadrate

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18
Q

What ligament separates the right and left lobe and caudate lobe

A

Ligamentum Venosum

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19
Q

Hepatic Vein dumps into which vessel

A

IVC

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20
Q

What does the falciform ligament connects to

A

The anterior abdominal wall

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21
Q

What part is most medial? to the kidney which pole

A

The upper pole

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22
Q

Whats the relationship from the kidney to the psoas muscles

A

inferiorly and medial

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23
Q

What pouch relates to kidney and liver?

A

Marrisons

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24
Q

Whats the functional unit of the Kindey

A

Nephron

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25
Where does the tail relate to
Hilum of the spleen
26
What are the portions of the pancreas
Head, neck, body and tail
27
What vessels does the pancreas has
GDA CBD Splenic Vein
28
What connects the GB to Portal Vein in imaging
MIF Main lobar fissure
29
3 Parts of GB | Which one is most anterior
neck, body and fundus | The Fundus
30
Study the flow of the GB ducts
study
31
What makes up the pelvic diaphrgrahm
Levantor Ani and Cocyggeous
32
Cordlike thickening in broad ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral wall of the uterus
Ovarian ligament
33
Extension of broad ligament that carries ovarian vessels and attaches ovary
Suspensory ligament
34
Extends laterally from the body of uterus to lateral walls of pelvis
Round ligament
35
Peritoneal fold that extends from the sides of the uterine wall to the pelvic floor
Broad ligament
36
Liver Location
The liver occupies most of the Rt. Hypochondrium, the epigastrium, and extends into the left hypogastrium. May extend to the Left Mamillary line. The Liver is an Intraperitoneal Organ
37
Intraperitoneal Organ: Liver
The surface of the liver in enclosed by peritoneum except the “Bare Area”, which is the posterior surface that comes in contact with the Diaphragm. Bare area is bordered by Coronary Ligaments (peritoneal reflections)
38
Surrounding Organs: Liver
```  Rt. Kidney lies inferior and posterior  Great vessels lie Posteriorly  Portal Triad enters medially ```
39
Surrounding Organs Liver
Pancreas lies inferior and posterior  Left lobe of liver can serve as a window to image the pancreas
40
Liver Size, Shape and Location
Right lobes exceeds the left by a 6:1 ratio  Weight: 1400 to 1600g  Length: us. 15-17 cm  Lower border at costal cartilage of 8-9 rib  Each Lobule is 1 X 2 mm
41
Vascular Anatomy
Receives nutrients from HA and PV  PV is 80% saturated and supplies 50-60% of oxygen requirements for hepatocytes  PV and HA both have echodense walls Collegen connective sheaths cause reflections.  HV walls less echodense  PV runs in horizontal plane (oblique) intralobar path  HV vary in calliper with location and breathing  HV run more longitudinally between segments
42
The hepatic veins
The hepatic veins are divided into three components: right, middle, and left. They all drain into the inferior vena cava at the level of the diaphragm.
43
Function of the Liver | Simplified
``` Formation of Bile 2. Activity of Reticulo-Endothelial Tissues 3. Metabolism of Carbs, Lipids, Proteins for preparation and excretion. 4. Storage Depot Blood Reservoir 6. Heat Production 7. Detoxification 8. Lymph Production ```
44
Four Fossa in Liver
 IVC FOSSA (Right Sagittal)  Portal Fossa  Left Sagittal Fossa  Gallbladder Fossa
45
IVC Fossa
 Short linear depression  located on posterior surface between caudate lobe and bare area of liver  Separates Quadrate lobe in front from caudate lobe behind  Separated from portal by caudate
46
Left Sagittal Fossa
``` Separates right /left  Porta joins at rt angle and divides in 2 parts  Falciform liagment telescopes into ligament of terres inferiorly ```
47
Portal Fossa
``` Short deep fissure  Extends transversely across under surface of left lobe  Separates quadrate lobe in front from caudate behind  Transmits PV, HA, BD, nerves, Lymphatic ```
48
GB FOSSA
``` Separates Rt/ Left  Shallow and oblong  Located on undersurface of right lobe of the liver  Extends from anterior free margin of liver to right extremity of Porta fossa ```
49
Left Lobe
Contains medial and lateral segments • Medial segment often referred to as the quadrate lobe • Smaller and flatter than right • situated in epigastrium and Lt Hypochondria • Upper surface convex and molded onto diaphragm • Under surface presents the gastric impression and omental tuberosity
50
CAUDATE LOBE OF LIVER
``` Situated upon the posterior surface of right • lies opposite T11-12 • Bounded anteriorly and caudad by the porta • bounded posterior by IVC • Bounded on left by Lt Sagittal Fossa ```
51
Quadrate lobe
Obsolete term for medial aspect of left lobe • situated on the under surface of left lobe • Boudned anteriorly by the anterior margin of liver/ posteriorly by ports; right by GB fosse, and on left by Lt sagittal fossa • Oblong in shape
52
Left Sagittal Fossa
Holds the falciform ligament • Separates right and left lobes • Porta joins it at a right angle and divdes into two parts • Recanilization of Umb vein would occur in this fossa
53
Gallbladder Fossa
``` Shallow and oblong fossa • Located on undersurface of rt. lobe • Extends from anterior free margin of liver to right extremity of porta • Can be used to Seperate lt/rt lobe ```
54
Inferior Vena Cava Fossa
``` Short depression of posterior surface between caudate lobe and bare area of the liver • Separated from the porta by the caudate lobe • Holds the IVC ```
55
Porta Fossa
Short deep fissure extending transversely across under surface of left lobe • Separates quadrate lobe anteriorly from caudate lobe behind • Transverse portal vein, Hepatic artery, nerves lymphatics and Bile ducts
56
pre vertebral Vessels
``` Arteries arising from aorta • Veins draining into IVC • Portal Venous System Combo Bring blood to Liver ```
57
Posterior View of Liver
``` Posterior view of the diaphragmatic surface of the liver. The caudate lobe is located on the posterosuperior surface of the right lobe, opposite the tenth and eleventh thoracic vertebrae ```
58
Main Lobar Fissure
``` Main lobar fissure (MLF) extends between the long axis neck of the gallbladder (GB) and the main portal vein (PV) on the longitudinal image. B, Falciform ligament extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm in a longitudinal plane ```
59
Main Lobar Fissure
``` Main lobar fissure (MLF) extends between the long axis neck of the gallbladder (GB) and the main portal vein (PV) on the longitudinal image. B, Falciform ligament extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm in a longitudinal plane. ```
60
Ligamentum teres
``` (LT, arrows) appears as a bright echogenic focus in the left lobe of the liver on a transverse image. ```
61
Whats the verticle line that extends from the Xiphoid to the Symphysis pubis
Linea alba
62
ABDOMINAL CAVITIES
``` Cavities in the Human body contain internal organs (viscera) . –Body divided into two portions: Dorsal and Ventral Cranial Thoracic Vertebral Abdominal Spinal Canal ```
63
Abdominal Cavity
Upper portion of the abdominopelvic cavity Excludes the retroperitoneum Excludes the pelvis
64
Boundaries
Separates cavities or viscera parts Usually anatomical structure or plane
65
Abdominal Cavity
``` Bounded superiorly by Diaphragm Anteriorly by abdominal wall Posteriorly by spine, ribs and iliac fossa Inferiorly by pelvic cavity ```
66
Other Abdominal Structures
``` Diaphragm Some shaped muscle separates the thorax from abd. Muscular component rises from margins of thoracic outlet Rt. crus of it arises from sides of bodies of L1-3 Lt. crus of it arises from lateral bodies of L1-2 ```
67
Peritoneum
``` Serous membrane Lines the abd covity Covers the peritoneal organs Formed by a single layer of cells MESOTHELIUM ```
68
Mesothelium
``` Single layer of cells Rests on thin layer of connective tissue If damaged or removed peritoneal two layers may adhere This may form adhesions (Scarring ```
69
Peritoneum
Divided into two layers Parietal Visceral
70
Parietal and Visceral Layer
``` Parietal Portion that lines the abdominal wall Does not cover the organs Visceral Covers organs ```
71
Peritoneal Caity
``` Potential space between the parietal and visceral layers.. Cavity that contains small amount of lubrication Serous fluid lubricates with serous fluid and helps organs move on one another without friction What happens with pa ```
72
What happens with pathology
``` This space may become distended with fluid May actually contain several liters Interstitial fluid referred to as ASCITES Can be benign (simple) or Malignant ```
73
Mesentary
``` Two layered fold of peritoneum Attaches part of intestines to posterior abd wall and includes mesentery of small intesine, transvers mesocolon and sigmoid mesocolon ```
74
Other fluids found here
``` Blood, pus, bile, fecal material or ruptured intestine. These may accumulate in this cavity. Fecal material would lead to peritonitis , shock and possibly death ```
75
OMENTUM
Two-layered peritoneum that attaches the stomach to another viscus organ
76
OMENTUM
Broken into Greater Omentum Lesser Omentum
77
Greater Omentum
``` Attached to greater curvature of stomach and hangs down like an apron in space between sm. intestine and abd. wall Folded back on itself and attached to inferior border of the colon ```
78
Lesser Omentunm
``` Slings the lesser curvature of stomach to the undersurface of the liver Gastrosplenic omentum ligament connects stomach to spleen ```
79
SACS
Greater and Lesser Sac Division of peritoneal cavity
80
Greater Sac
Primary compartment of peritoneal cavity Extends across anterior abdomen and from diaphragm to pelvis
81
Lesser Sac
``` Extensive peritoneal pouch located behind the lesser omentum and stomach Extends upward to diaphragm and inferior between the layers of the greater omentum ```
82
LESSER SAC
``` Upper abdominal dissection, with part of the left lobe of the liver and the lesser omentum removed to show the area of the epiploic foramen. Posterior to the foramen lie the celiac trunk, portal vein, bile duct, and related structures; one of the most important regions in the abdomen. ```
83
RETROPERITONEUM
``` Space posterior to Peritoneal cavity  Contains the following: Kidneys *Uterus Ureters *Duodenum Adrenals Prostate Pancreas *COLON Great Vessels Bladder ```
84
Retroperitoneal Spaces
``` Anterior Pararenal space Vs Gerota’s fascia and post peritoneum Asc and Descending colon also in this area  Posterior Pararenal Space vs. post renal fascia and PAW muscles only fat and vessels in this area ```
85
Retroperiotneal area
```  Perirenal Space directly around the kidney enclosed by renal fascia Kidneys, adrenals, lymph nodes, vessels and perirenal fat iin this area ```
86
GI SYSTEM
``` STOMACH Dilated portion of GI System Reesponsible for early stages of Digestion ```
87
Location of Stomach
Located under left dome of diaphragm  Superior portion joins esophagus at the cardiac orafice  This forms the esophagogastric junction
88
STOMACH
``` Two borders: Lesser Curve Greater curve Superior border of stomach is the fundus Inferior border Pyloric antrum Body-largest part vs two curves ```
89
STOMACH
``` Pyloric antrum empties into the duodenum through pyloric sphincter  Anterior surface lies in contact with diaphragm, AAW and left lobe of liver  Posterior, gastric portion of spleen  Level of T11-L1 ```
90
INTESTINES
```  SMALL INTESTINE Average length 6-7 meters in length Subdivided into three parts: Duodenum Jejunum Ileum ```
91
Duodenum
 Begins at eh gastric pylorus  Three parts 1 st, superior, 2nd portion and 3rd (inferior) Curves around the head of the pancreas Located mainly in the retroperitoneal space less mobile than rest of bowel due to location When duodenum enter peritoneum, becomes jejunum
92
JEJUNUM
 Loops of jejunum occupy the umbilical region  then becomes the ileum  longest portion of the small intestine  3.5m in length  mainly located in RLQ of abdomen  Terminates at the ileocecal valve (lg bowel)
93
Large Intestine
``` Location is inferior to stomach and liver  Frames the small intestine  Diameter larger than small intestine  Begins at the ileocecal juntion  Terminates at the anus  parts include: Cecum, colon, rectum  Appendix attaches to cecum ```
94
Large Intestine
 Colon largest portion Four subdivisions: Transverse, descending, ascending, and sigmoid Flexures: Hepatic splenic Sigmoid empties into rectum Blood: Mesenteric arteries and veins Function: Absorb water and storage of feces
95
Which of the following spreads into the white matter
Basal ganglia
96
Gyri can be described as the furrows between the sulci | true or false
False
97
Which of the following is part of the basal ganglia
the caudate nucleus
98
the deep cleft between the hemisphere is the
interhemisphere reticulum
99
The Surface layer of the brain is
Gray matter
100
Which of the following connects the two hemispheres
corpus callosum
101
chloroid plexus is often at the posterior horn
False
102
pathway of the cerebral spinal fluid forms the lateral of the 3rd ventricle is the
foramen of monroe or interventricular
103
The third ventricle is a midline structure and its located____________ to the 4th ventricle
Superior
104
Cerebral spinal fluid is primaly in the
Chloroid plexus
105
which is not a lobe of the brain
cerebrum
106
which of the following is not a region of the brain
All of the above are regions of the brain
107
from the band of fibers
medulla oblongota
108
which of the flowolling in not a lateral interventricular sysmten
???
109
Which structure borders the lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle
thalamus
110
which plane of view demostrtate the right and left
Coronal
111
passway of fluid 3rd and 4rth ventricle is the
aqueduct of sylvius
112
which horn of the ventricular system is inferior to the hemithalamus
inferior
113
which of the following has a relationship csp
the Anterior horm
114
which of the following is not a midline structure of the
caudate nucleus
115
which of the following is another name for the hemispheres
longitudinal
116
the CSP is anterior to the
Thalamus
117
which horn is located more medial to the rest
the anterior horn
118
longitudinal view for the lateral ventricle is
parasagittal
119
which horn is .....
occipital
120
which of the following lies in the subpendymal space
general matrix
121
which of the following is a routine
transverse
122
which portion of the lateral ventricle
body of the chlo
123
hypothalamus is part of the
diencephalon
124
seminular valves communicates the left ventricle with
aortic
125
right atrium is superior to the IVC
mm
126
which portion is more anterior in the chest
right the ventrcile
127
another name for bicuspid is
mitral valve
128
all the following are openings in the diapghram except the
mesenteric
129
the visceral layer of the serious peri cardium is also known as the
epicardium
130
main layer for responsible for contractions is the
myocardium
131
the flow of deoxygenated blood from the right ventrcile to which of the following is next
pulmonary trunk
132
the surface of the heart is mainly made up by
right venrtricle and left ventricle
133
The base of the heart is most_______________than the apex
posterior
134
which of the following passes to the 3rd ventricle and
masa intermedia
135
which of the followoing are arteries that branches from subclavian
vertebral
136
which of the following is not part of the willis
external arteries
137
Which portion of the heart makes up the right surface
right atrium
138
which chamber of the takes up the largerst portion in the inferior surface the
left ventricle
139
Which muscle is lateral to the rectum
piriformis
140
piriformis
,,,
141
Whats the size of the uterus
7.5 X 5 X3
142
Ovaries are stationary to bowel T or F
False
143
meet at two layers at the serous
Vaginalis
144
The Endometrial layer is inferior and the thinkest
False its superior and thinnest
145
Rectus abdominis lie deep in the female pelvis
False its superficial in the anterior abdominal wall
146
Inferior portion of the pelvis is
True pelvis
147
illiopsoas muscles are _____ to psoas major
Inferior
148
main function of the uterus
house and nourish the fetus
149
obturator internal muscle lie are paired
medial to the urinary bladder they hammock the bladder
150
muscle lie anteriorly to the sacrum is the
piriformis
151
which of the following muscles extend inferior to abductus abdominis and anterior to the symphysis pubis
,,,,
152
Which is the muscle that gives main support and it form the diapgram
Levantor ani
153
where does the femur joins
Acetabulum
154
which of the following its not part of inominate bone
sacrum
155
cerebral orbits lies anterior to the
anus
156
imaginary line seperates the true and false pelvis
in the symphysis pubis at the sacral promantory
157
serous layer of the uterus is
perimetrium
158
internal portion of the ovary is the
medulla
159
the ventral portion testes is the
rede testis
160
efferent tubules convert
false
161
ovaries receives ovarian and utrerus
,,,
162
portion of the uterus responsible for contractions is the
myometrium
163
the uterus layer that changes during mestrual cycle is the
endometrium
164
the main support organs in the pelvis is
broad ligament
165
attaches the ovaries posterior
mesoovarian
166
sacral promantory is _____ to the sacrum
anterior
167
inferior landmark of the pelvis is
symphysis pubis
168
the dome of the uterus is the
fundus
169
portion of the oviducts that enters is the cornua
interstitial
170
peritoneal cavity is close in males
True | and open in females
171
the rectum is posterior to the piriformis muscle
False its medial
172
uterus position at a acute bend away from the bladder
retroflexed
173
which portion of the bladder covers the peritoneum
superior
174
fornices how many
4 lateral
175
bhjn
septum raphe
176
there is peritoneal tissue in the socral sac
true
177
fibrous capsule is the of the testes
tunica albuginiea
178
teste form the endocrine and excocrine
true
179
teste originate by the kidneys
true
180
flat tubular structure on the posterior surface
epydidimys
181
double fold of peritoneum in the ovaries
broad ligament
182
portion fallopian tube wideest
ampulla
183
Length of the fallopian tube
ll
184
External to pelvic diapghram and utero...
perineum
185
which of the following is not part of the pelvic diapgram
external
186
majory in the femal reproductive lie in the true pelvis
true
187
posterior and anterior the vein is most posterior , artery is anterior
first comes the Vein then artery and ureters | then list them post to anterior

Cross Sectional Anatomy (5 decks)

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