final exam 1

Question 1

major earth systems

Answer 1

lithosphere
hydrosphere
biosphere
atmosphere

Question 2

systems theory

Answer 2

open system
closed system
equilibrium
positive feedbacks
negative feedbacks

Question 3

latitudes

Answer 3

parallels: east to west

Question 4

longitude

Answer 4

meridians:north to south

Question 5

prime meridian

Answer 5

longitude 0 in greenwhich england

Question 6

international dateline

Answer 6

one day to the next

in mid pacific

Question 7

map projections

Answer 7

cylindrical
planar
conical
oval

Question 8

seasons

Answer 8

tilt of the earth on the axis

Question 9

summer and winter solstice

Answer 9

june 22nd tropic of cancer 23.5 ( sun hits perfectly)

dec 22nd tropic of capircorn 34.5 (sun hits perfectly)

Question 10

equanox

Answer 10

day and night equal length
sept 22
march 20

Question 11

arctic curcle

Answer 11

66.5 n

anything north gets 24h daylight

Question 12

antarctic circle

Answer 12

66.5 s

anything s gets 24h daylight

Question 13

axial tilt

Answer 13

23.5

Question 14

insolation

Answer 14

incoming solar radiation

Question 15

conduction

Answer 15

direct contact

Question 16

radiation

Answer 16

no direct contact

Question 17

convection

Answer 17

transfer of energy thorugh fluid

Question 18

latent heat transfer

Answer 18

heat going in or being lost=phase change

Question 19

sensible heat

Answer 19

heat added or lost with no cahnge in phase

Question 20

earths radiation balance

Answer 20

direct radiation=32
diffused=22
reflected=23
absorbed=23

Question 21

albedo

Answer 21

white areas reflecting heat

ave 31%

Question 22

greenhouse gases

Answer 22

sums warmth + earths heat trapped in atmosphere

co2, methane, CFCs

Question 23

chemical composition zones

Answer 23

heterosphere-not mixed-higher

monosphere-mixed-lower

Question 24

atmospheric pressure

Answer 24

~14.7 lb/in2

elevation increases pressure decreases

Question 25

continental

Answer 25

temp varies more, not stable

Question 26

maritime

Answer 26

cold summers, warm winters | water helps keep temp stable

Question 27

temperature

Answer 27

numerical measure of average heat

Question 28

heat

Answer 28

energy total

Question 29

wind

Answer 29

gravity pressure gradient coriolis effect friction force

Question 30

low pressure

Answer 30

warm air rises >L

Question 31

high pressure

Answer 31

cooler air descends

Question 32

coriolis

Answer 32

NH counter | SH clockwise

Question 33

ITCZ

Answer 33

where trade winds converge most air pushed upward forming a portion of hadley cell vigorous thunderstorms

Question 34

permanent pressure zones

Answer 34

high over oceans low over lands semipermanent over asia H in July L in july

Question 35

deep current circulation

Answer 35

driven by temp and salinity

Question 36

surface currents

Answer 36

driven by winds

Question 37

oceans=

Answer 37

97.2%

Question 38

freshwater

Answer 38

2.8% of that 2.1 in glaciers .35 groundwater .27 groundwaer close to surface

Question 39

sublimation

Answer 39

S>G

Question 40

warmer air=

Answer 40

greater capacity

Question 41

humidity

Answer 41

measure of water vapor in the air

Question 42

air masses characterization

Answer 42

``` continental marine arctic polar tropical ```

Question 43

saturation

Answer 43

air capactiy with respect to water vapor

Question 44

atmospheric lifting mechanisms

Answer 44

``` convergent (L pressure, tropical) convectional (L pressure, local) orographic (up over the mountain) warm fronts cold fronts ```

Question 45

tornadoes

Answer 45

warm and cold fronts meet (gulf of mexico and canada) creating an unstable environment. Mainly in the middle of america.

Question 46

tropical depressions

Answer 46

least wind

Question 47

tropical storms

Answer 47

mid wind

Question 48

hurricane

Answer 48

most wind

Question 49

origin of hurricanes

Answer 49

warm air over warm water. | L pressure

Question 50

termination of hurricanes

Answer 50

hits land | hits westerlies and goes into colder water and peters out.

Question 51

climate

Answer 51

what to expect | long term scale

Question 52

weather

Answer 52

what is happening now on a short term scale

Question 53

drivers of climate

Answer 53

``` latitude adn insolation air masses location of global high and low pressure zones ocean currents topography land/water distribution ```