Final exam Flashcards
(21 cards)
Primary prevention
seek to maximize health, prevent disease or injury before it occurs
- altering unhealthy habits, preventing exposure to hazards, building immunity
- vaccinations, education, immunization
Secondary prevention
reduce the impact of disease or injury
- regular exams, screening, diet/exercise programs
Tertiary prevention
Softens the impact of an ongoing illness/injury with ongoing effects
- rehab, support groups
Tertiary care:
long term management so that quality of life is retained
- palliative care/rehab, continuous assessments for HIV progression, watch for opportunistic infection and pain control
Supportive life choices that bring comfort to the client
Disaster planning: preparedness
ID all hazards, proactive planning, evaluation possible damage
Disaster planning: mitigation
take measures to limit damage, disability and loss of lfie
Disaster planning: response
implement disaster plan, provide emergency care, restore communication/transportation
disaster planning: recovery
stabilization, returns to normal status
Disaster planning: evaluation
learn from past, prep for future
Public health nursing intervention wheel
Focus on prevention
- creates a structure for IDand documenting interventions
Policy making process
- setting agenda
- policy formation
- policy adoption
- policy implementation
- policy assessment
- policy modificiation
Social determininants of health
The social condition in which people live, their income, social status, education, home, work environment, support network, gender, culture, availability of health services
Health disarities:
Differences in healthcare and health outcomes; experienced by one population compared to another
Recommendations of WHO and SOCIAL DETERMINANTS:
less than half of all countries have essential medications for basic healthcare
Web of causation:
epidemiologic model that strongly emphasizes of concept of multiple causation while de-emphasizing the role of agents in explainging illness
Wheel of causation
Model the deemphasizes the agent as the sole cause of disease, while emphasizing the interplay of physical, biologic and social environments
Chain of infection
the infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host
vehicle
intermediate, inanimate object
– food, water, contaminated hands
vector
animal or insect carriers of infectious agents
Important area of prevention focus is women and HIV. Read through the secondary (positive prevention) and tertiary prevention measures for women.
SECONDARY PREVENTION WOMEN HIV
screening and gaining initial recognition for the stage of the illness or physical challenge in order to minimze any further progress,
the need to use antiretroviral medication
any exacerbation of comorbidities that could affect HIV status
stopping possibility of spreading virus to others
8 principles of public health nursing practice
- client / unit or care = population
- primary obligation to achieve greatest good for greatest number of people
- PH nurses collaborate with the client as an equal partner
- primary prevention is priority in selection appropriate activities
- PH nurses focus on strategies that create healthy environmental, social, and economic conditions in which populations may thrive
- PH nurse obligated to actively ID and reach out to all who might benefit from specific activity or service
- optimal use of available resources and creation of new evidence-based strategies is necessary to assure the best overall improvement in health of populations
- collaboration with other professionals, populations, organization and stakeholder groups is most effective way to promote/protect health of all people
