Final exam Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are 4 types of quantitative methods?
Observation, experiments, surveys and content analysis.
What are the 3 types of data?
Nominal, ordinal and interval
What is nominal data?
Categories with no set order. (categorize)
What is ordinal data?
there needs to be an order. There are no intervals between. (Ordering)
What is interval data?
Has precise intervals and the distance between them is equal. (ordering according to intervals)
What is a frequency table?
A table that shows the data in order and the number of times each data appears.
what is f?
Frequency, the number of cases in a category
what is the difference between a bar graph and a histogram?
a histogram has no gaps between the bars
What is n?
the total
What z value does a 95% confidence interval have?
+/-1.96
What z value does a 99% confidence interval have?
+/-2.58
how do you calculate standard error?
divide standard deviation of the population by the square root of the sample size
what is μ
population mean
what is σ?
population standard deviation
what is 𝑥̅ ?
sample mean
what is the chi square test used for?
comparing frequencies,, proportions or percentages. not means.
what is the formula for the chi squared tests
x squared = the sum of observed frequencies minus expected frequencies, squared. then divided by the expected frequencies.
what’s the difference between a chi squared “one sample goodness of fit” and “test for independence”?
goodness of fit is for one variable for a sample to see if they’re different from the population. Independence is when you have two or more groups and want to know if they are different.
How do you calculate degrees of freedom on a chi squared test for independance?
of rows -1 multiplied by the # of columns -1
what does it mean to be in the 60% percentile?
you’re better than 60% of others
What is cross classified data?
data that is organized by two or more categorical variables. Each category of one variable is cross-classified with each category of the other variable(s), resulting in a table that displays the frequency of observations that fall into each combination of categories.
what is r
the correlation coefficient. It is used to see the strength and relationship between two variables.
What is r^2
The determination coefficient. It shows how accurate your regression line is. How much of the dependant variable can be explained by the independent variable.
What are the 3 types of association between variables?
Causation, (one causes the other.), correlation (the two are connected but not clear which causes which.), interdependent (they do not have a relationship)
