Final Exam

Question 1

What does a drug information specialist do?

Answer 1

answer drug questions, formulary management, newsletter/website publication, adverse drug reaction program, community service programs

Question 2

Where was the first formal drug information center

Answer 2

University of Kentucky

Question 3

What are the 8 purposes of the 1st DIC?

Answer 3

1.) to be a source of comprehensive drug information for physicians and dentists
2.) to influence medical students and physicians in training to evaluate and select drugs more carefully
3.)to aide education in colleges of medicine, nursing, dentistry, and pharmacy
4.) to influence nurses to obtain more info about the medications they administer to patients
5.) to influence pharmacy students on their role as “drug consultants’
6.) to develop a rational approach to drug therapy with physicians
7.) to be a drug information resource to health care providers in Kentucky
8.) to become a center for reporting adverse drug reactions

Question 4

Who was the most common caller?

Answer 4

physicians

Question 5

What was the most common type of call recieved?

Answer 5

therapeutic consults

Question 6

What are some careers in DI?

Answer 6

drug information specialist and clinical coordinator

Question 7

What are primary, secondary, and tertiary sources?

Answer 7

Primary: original research reports
Secondary: indexing and abstracting services
Tertiary: textbooks and compendia

Question 8

What order should you use when answering a DI question?

Answer 8

tertiary, secondary, primary

Question 9

What is included in primary sources?

Answer 9

original research articles, case reports, and conference proceedings

Question 10

What are the pros and cons of primary sources?

Answer 10

Pro: directly address topic of interest, provide information not available elsewhere, evaluated and critiqued by peers
Cons: may be the only study on the subject, findings may be too specific, delayed time to widespread acceptance

Question 11

What study design is considered the best review?

Answer 11

systematic review

Question 12

How does the information flow in the literature pyramid?

Answer 12

case report/ case series -> case control studies -> cohort studies -> randomized controlled trials -> systematic reviews

Question 13

What should you never use to answer a DI question?

Answer 13

THE ABSTRACT!

Question 14

What is impact factor?

Answer 14

represents the importance of a journal in it’s field; number of yearly citations

Question 15

What is a formulary journal?

Answer 15

a journal that helps with deciding which drugs should be used regularly

Question 16

What is a journal of medicine?

Answer 16

good resources for information on diagnostics, treatment strategies, and overall therapy (physician oriented)

Question 17

What is a journal of pharmacy?

Answer 17

emphasis on treatment options (pharmacist oriented)

Question 18

What is a focused journal?

Answer 18

highlight a particular disease state or area of practice

Question 19

What ate the two major types of secondary sources?

Answer 19

indexing- bibliographic data only
abstracting- contains brief description of the information found in the article

Question 20

Why would you want to conduct a literature search?

Answer 20

stay up-to-date on medical information, identify best clinical practices, research project, manuscript writing, evaluate author qualifications

Question 21

What is the PICO method?

Answer 21

Patient Intervention Comparator Outcome

Question 22

What are meSH terms?

Answer 22

controlled vocabulary for indexing articles

Question 23

What interface do you use to search Medline?

Answer 23

pubmed

Question 24

What are techniques to narrow the search?

Answer 24

use Boolean operators “AND” or “NOT”, use subheadings, apply major topic or focus to meSH, do not auto-explode, filters, advanced searching

Question 25

What techniques do you use to broaden your search?

Answer 25

use "OR", text searching, explosion, use broader terms, previous indexing

Question 26

What are advantages of tertiary sources?

Answer 26

most commonly used, summarize/interpret large amounts of data, convenient, easy to use, concise, easy to navigate, familiarize the reader, majority of info can be found

Question 27

What are three types of DI questions? What should you focus on for each?

Answer 27

1. drug oriented-> focus on drug and drug class 2. product oriented-> focus on the products available and identifying the products 3. disease oriented-> what is the drug choice for _____?

Question 28

How do you evaluate the credibility of a website?

Answer 28

reputation, accuracy, advertisements, and timelines Who operates it? What is the purpose? What is the original source? Is it a medical or science journal? Does it end in .gov .edu or .org? How current is the info? Are there ads?

Question 29

What is the Health on the Net Foundation?

Answer 29

it guides internet users by highlighting reliable, understandable, relevant, and trustworthy sources of online health and medical information

Question 30

What do Health on the Net Foundation look for to certify a website?

Answer 30

authoritative, complementarity, privacy, attribution, justifiability, transparency, financial disclosure, advertising policy `

Question 31

Should you use Wikipedia? why?

Answer 31

no, articles are anonymous, written by students, "pre-hospital care workers", purposely add misinformation

Question 32

How are DI apps regulated?

Answer 32

the FDA released guidance on regulation

Question 33

What are examples of apps not regulated as DI but as "exercise enforcement discretion"?

Answer 33

apps for disease or condition, apps used to track and manage health, medical calculators

Question 34

What are some dangers of medical apps?

Answer 34

inaccurate, unreliable, and misleading, confidentiality issues

Question 35

What is the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)

Answer 35

part of the us department of health and human services, provides health-based information for chemical waste disposal and exposure to hazardous substances

Question 36

What is the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC)?

Answer 36

the governing body that represents and accredits all us poison control centers

Question 37

What is the number for poison control?

Answer 37

1-800-222-1222

Question 38

What are the top 10 substances that GPC center got for 2021?

Answer 38

analgesics, cleaning substances, personal care products, antidepressants, antihistamines, sedatives, CV drugs, bites and envenomations, dietary supplements, street drugs

Question 39

What is toxnet?

Answer 39

free online data base to search links to various toxicology databases

Question 40

What are some sources you can use for poison control?

Answer 40

toxline, lactmed, household product database, haz-map, livertox, poison control app

Question 41

What are some toxicology journals?

Answer 41

society of toxicology, clinical toxicology, annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, international journal of toxicology

Question 42

What is the 6th step systematic approach to answering DI questions?

Answer 42

1. secure the demographic of the requestor 2. obtain appropriate background info 3. determine and categorize the ultimate question 4. develop an efficient search strategy 5. perform evaluation, analysis, and synthesis 6. formulate a response at the appropriate level for the requestor

Question 43

What are the most common DI questions?

Answer 43

dosing, drug interactions, adverse reactions, IV compatibility, pregnancy and lactation, pharmacotherapy, and general product information

Question 44

When searching, do you want to be generic or specific?

Answer 44

Generic

Question 45

What is the difference between follow-up and follow through?

Answer 45

Follow-up: verify appropriateness of information especially based on assumptions Follow through: readdress request based on new data

Question 46

Are these sources primary, secondary, or tertiary? A.) pubmed B.) New England Journal of Medicine C.) lexicomp D.)applied therapeutics E.) international pharmaceutical abstracts F.) journal of American medical association G.) Google scholar H.) P&T journal I.) drug facts and comparisons

Answer 46

A.) secondary B.) primary C.) tertiary D.) tertiary E.) secondary F.) primary G.) secondary H.) primary I.) tertiary