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SPSC 3276 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

(108 cards)

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1
Q

What are the four muscles in the rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Terry’s minor

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2
Q

What are the movements of the shoulder complex

A

Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
Horizontal abduction/adduction
Internal/external rotation
Circumduction

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3
Q

What is scapulohumeral rhythm

A

Once the arm gets above a certain degree of movement, the humerus and scapula move continuously and synchronously at a 2:1 ratio. 1° of scapular rotation for every 2° of humoral movement needed to facilitate full normal shoulder motion

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4
Q

What is the point of reference for rotation in the scapula

A

Glenoid fossa

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5
Q

What are the movements of the scapula

A

Protraction: downward rotation, abduction, anterior tilt

Retraction: upward rotation, adduction, posterior tilt 

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6
Q

What is a common acute injury in the shoulder area

A

Clavicle fracture

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7
Q

What are the three types of sprains and separations in the shoulder complex

A

Acromioclavicular
Glenohumeral
Sternoclavicular

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8
Q

What is the glenoid labrum

A

Fibrocartilage rim that lines the glenoid fossa

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9
Q

What is impingement syndrome

A

Tendons of the rotator cuff are pinched as they pass between the top of the humerus and the acromion

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10
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome

A

Compression of the Neurovascular structures at the thoracic outlet (neurovascular structures pinched under clavicle)

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11
Q

If nerves are compressed in thoracic outlet syndrome what symptoms will you experience

A

Aching pain
Pins and needles sensation
Numbness into arm (medial side)
Weak grip strength and muscle atrophy

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12
Q

If veins are compressed in thoracic outlet syndrome, what symptoms will you experience

A

Edema, stiffness into hand
Cyanosis in arm (Blue in colour)

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13
Q

If An artery is compressed in thoracic outlet syndrome, what symptoms will you experience

A

Rapid onset of coolness
numbness in entire arm
fatigue after over head activity

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14
Q

What are some examples of overhead athletes

A

Swimmers
Weightlifting
Volleyball

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15
Q

What are the Movements of the elbow

A

Flexion/extension
Pronation/supination

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16
Q

What are the bones in the elbow

A

Humerus
Radius
Ulna

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17
Q

What is the carrying angle

A

Formed by long axiss of humerus and midline of forearm

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18
Q

What is the caring angle norms between males and females

A

Males - 11-14°
Females - 13 -  16°

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19
Q

Wrapping Vs. Taping

A

Wrapping: non-adhesive, provides compression but no support

Taping: adhesive, support and compression, later stages of injury

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20
Q

What is the purpose of taping

A

-Supports ligaments and joint capsules of unstable joints
-Enhance proprioceptive feedback
-Support injuries by compression and limiting movements

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21
Q

When not to tape

A

-When further diagnosis is required
- immediately after an acutely injury has occurred
-after cold application
- pre-puberty (10-14)

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22
Q

What are 3 common taping mistakes

A

Shadows
Windows
Wrinkles

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23
Q

How much do you overlap your tape by?

A

1/2 every strip you apply

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24
Q

Name some tape strips

A

Anchors
Figure 8’s
Heel locks
Spicas
Spirals
Stirrups
Close off strips

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25
When should you asses an injury
ASAP after occurrence
26
What is HOPS
H-istory O-bservation P-alpation S-pecial tests
27
What is the primary survey and the secondary survey for injury assessment
Primary: A, B, Cs Secondary: HOPS
28
What are the 3 ROMs
Active Passive Resistive
29
What does active ROM test
-The strength of surrounding muscles, tendons, bones, and ligaments
30
What does passive ROM test
Insertion of bones, ligaments The severity of structure injured
31
What does resistive ROM test
-Contractile structures -Strength/weakness of joint contraction with or without pain
32
What are some directional elbow conditions
-cubital valgus -Cubital Verus
33
What are the muscles involved with the elbow
Triceps brachii Anconeus Wrist extensors/flexors
34
Name some common acute fractures of the elbow
Humerus Radial head Olecranon process Medial epiphyseal plate
35
Characteristics of Elbow dislocations
Uncommon, but serious ALWAYS accompanied by MCL sprain Immobilize and refer to a physician
36
List some chronic elbow injuries
Triceps tendinopathy Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis elbow) Medial epicondylitis (golfer’s elbow)
37
What are the movements of the wrist
-flexion/extension -Radio/ulnar deviation
38
What are the movements of the fingers
-flexion/extension -Abduction/adduction Thumb: -Opposition/reposition
39
What are the bones in the wrist and hand
14 phalanges 5 metacarpals 4 distal carpals 3 proximal carpals (scaphoid)
40
What is the order of joints from the tip of a finger to the base of your finger
Distal interphalangeal Proximal interphalangeal Metacarpophalangeal
41
What are the ligaments that hold your finger joints together
Collateral ligaments
42
The hand contains a lot of which to soft tissues
Muscles and tendons
43
What are some common acute fractures in the wrist and fingers
Colles fracture Scaphoid fracture Metacarpal fracture Phalanges fracture Skiers thumb Mallet finger
44
What is subungual hematoma
Results from the tip of the finger getting crushed and blood pooling under the nail
45
What are some common chronic Injuries in the wrist
Carpal tunnel syndromede De Quervains disease
46
What are some symptoms of ulnar neuropathy (ulnar nerve pinched)
-Numbness and tingling -Pain on the outside or middle of the forearm
47
How to asses injuries in the wrist and hand complex
For wrist, assume fracture first For all finger dislocations, refer
48
Name some ways to prevent finger-dislocations and wrist fractures
-Do not wear rings during activity -Watch early warning signs and awkward postures -Monitor training load
49
Name some tests for the wrist and fingers
Finkelstein‘s test (thumb in the fist) Phalen’s test (back if hands touching, fingers down) Tinel’s test (tap nerve over wrist) 
50
anatomy of the ankle
Tibia (medial malleolus) fibula (lateral malleolus) Talus Calcaneus Subtalar joint Talocrural joint
51
What are the movements Of the ankle
Dorsiflexion Plantar flexion Eversion/inversion Pronation Supination
52
What ligaments in the ankle resist inversion
Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)
53
What ligaments in the ankle resist eversion
Deltoid ligaments: Posterior tibiotalar ligament (PTTL) Tibiocalcaneal ligament (TCL) Tibionavicular ligament (TNL) Anterior tibiotalar ligament (ATTL)
54
What are the Tom Dik and harry muscles
Tibialis posterior (medial malleolus, work back) Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus
55
What are the three peroneal muscles
Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis Peroneus tertius
56
What type of ankle sprain is most common
Inversion sprain [85%]
57
What is another name for a high ankle sprain
Syndesmotic
58
What is a high ankle sprain
-Damage to the ligaments holding the tibia and fibula together  -It has the most debilitation of any sprains in the foot and ankle
59
What are some tests for the ankle
Pots compression test Bump test Anterior drawer test Talar tilt Kleigers test Thompson’s test Morton’s test
60
What are the movements of the hip
Flexion/extension Abduction/adduction Internal/external rotation
61
Bones in the hip
Sacrum Os coxa: Ilium Ischium Pubis Lumbar
62
Joints in the hip
Sacroiliac joint L5/S1 joint Illiofemoral joint
63
What are the hip flexor muscles
Psoas minor Iliacus Psoas major
64
What are some acute injuries of the hip
Femur fractures Pelvis fracture’s Epiphyseal plate fractures Slipped femoral head Dislocation (rare) Strains (groin, hamstring, quads) Contusions
65
What does RICE stand for
R-est I-ce C-ompression E-levation
66
What should you not do for the first three days when treating a strain/contusion
Apply heat Aggressive stretching and rolling
67
What is the hip labrum
A fibrous ring of Cartlidge around the hip socket
68
What are some chronic injuries of the hip
Femur stress fracture Osteitis pubis Athletic pubalgia Piriformis syndrome Iliotibial band syndrome
69
What are some prevention of running injuries
Wear proper shoes Replace shoes when needed Warm up properly Avoid overtraining
70
What are the movements At the knee
Flexion/extension  internal/external rotation (flexed knee)
71
What are the bones of the knee
Femur Patella Fibula Tibia
72
What are the joints of the knee
Patellofemoral Tibiofibular Tibiofemoral
73
Ligaments and menisci of the knee
Lateral Collateral ligament (LCL) Medial collateral ligament (MCL) Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) Lateral meniscus Medial meniscus
74
What is the origin and insertion point of the iliotibial band
Origin: TFL (tensor fasciae latae) Insertion: gerdy’s tubercle
75
What are three key palpations of the knee
Fibular head Gerdy’s tubercle Tibial tuberosity
76
Name some anterior muscles in the thigh
TFL Sartorius Gracilis Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis
77
Name some posterior muscles in the thigh
Semitendinosis Semimembranosis Biceps femoris 
78
Name some posterior muscles in the calf
Popliteus Gastrocnemius Soleus
79
What are some acute injuries of the knee
Patella dislocation‘s Tibiofemoral dislocations Sprains (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL) Meniscus tear
80
Who is more likely to experience an ACL sprain and why
Females 15-25: Bone geometry at knee Malalignment (greater valgus) General joint laxity
81
What is the unhappy triad
Sprain ACL, MCL, and torn medial meniscus
82
Name some chronic knee injuries
Anterior knee pain (Patellofemoral area) Chondromalacia patella Patellar tendonitis Osteochondritis dessicans Osgood-schlatter’a disease Sinding-Larson-johansson disease
83
What are all the bones in the ankle and foot
Tibia Fibula Talus Navicular Calcaneus Cuboid Cuneiforms Metatarsals Phalanges
84
What are the joints in the foot
Metatarsal joints Phalangeal joints
85
What is the ligament that is most important in plantar facia
Calcaneonavicular ligament
86
What is the open space between the tibia and the fibula
Interosseous membrane
87
What are the anterior muscles of the ankle and foot
Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus
88
What are the posterior muscles of the ankle and foot
Tibialis posterior Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus
89
What are the tendons of the lower limb
Posterior tibial tendon Quadriceps tendon Achilles tendon
90
What is Morton’s toe
The second toe is longer than the others
91
What is another name for shin splints
Medial tibial stress syndrome
92
What is BSI
Bone stress injury
93
What is it that can improve bone health/bone mineral density
Jump training Even just 30 jumps a weak
94
What is the ideal job training prescription
-Short duration 1 to 2 minutes with a small amount of rest between -2 to 3 times a day
95
What is Sand toe
Hyperplantar flexion of big toe Common in beach volleyball
96
What is turf toe
Excessive upward bending of MTP joint (phalanges joints)
97
What is turf toe
Excessive upward bending of MTP joint (phalanges joint) Common in football, basketball, soccer
98
Name a chronic foot injury
Plantar fasciitis
99
What is Morton’s neuroma
Pinched/squeezed nerve that passes between metatarsals Effects of the ball of the foot
100
What are some foot conditions
Bunion [hallux Valgus] Ingrown toenail Hammer toe Claw toe Mallet toe
101
Name a test that can be used to detect a rupture in the bicep
The Ludington test
102
Which group of athletes are most prone to athletic pubalgia
Men under the age of 40
103
What is avascular necrosis
The death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply
104
What populations are most vulnerable to suffering from heat stroke
People 65 years or older Infants and children up to four years old People who are overweight People who are on medication’s People who are working in hot environments
105
What is a test you can use to diagnose patellofemoral pain syndrome
Patellar grind test
106
What is the main muscle where anterior shin splints occur
Tibialis anterior
107
What is the main muscle or posterior shin splints occur
Tibialis posterior
108
What are the 3 ligaments involved in acromioclavicular dislocation
Superior acromioclavicular ligament Coracoclavicular ligament Coracoacromial ligament

SPSC 3276 (2 decks)

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