Final Exam

Question 1

What is a scalar quantity, and what are examples?

Answer 1

A scalar only has a magnitude, and the unit will always be positive. Examples include distance, temperature, speed, mass, time, etc.

Question 2

What is a vector quantity, and what are examples?

Answer 2

A vector has both magnitude and direction. Examples of this include velocity, acceleration, force, displacement, etc.

Question 3

What is displacement?

Answer 3

How far and in what direction an object is from its starting point.
Displacement= final positon - initial positon

Question 4

Average speed formula? (scalar)

Answer 4

total distance traveled/ time elapsed (unit is m/s)

Question 5

Average velocity formula? (vector)

Answer 5

total displacement/ total time (units is m/s)

Question 6

Average acceleration formula?

Answer 6

Change in velocity/ time elasped (units is m/s^2)

Question 7

What is deceleration?

Answer 7

This is when acceleration and velocity vectors are in opposite directions. This would also slowing down.

Question 8

What does 1-D Motion kinematics always assume?

Answer 8

These equations always assume that there is constant acceleration.

Question 9

Free fall equations still use kinematics equations with constant acceleration due to this reason?

Answer 9

In free fall, objects experience acceleration due to gravity with it 9.81 m/s^2

Question 10

In the absence of air resistance, all objects fall with the same _________.

Answer 10

Acceleration

Question 11

Sin theta=

Answer 11

opposite/hypotenuse

Question 12

Cos theta=

Answer 12

adjacent/hypotenuse

Question 13

tan theta=

Answer 13

sin/cos or opposite/adjacent

Question 14

2-D motion involves breaking up the components into ____ and _____ variables.

Answer 14

x and y

Question 15

What is projectile motion?

Answer 15

This is when an object is moving in 2 dimensions under the influence of gravity only. Its path forms a parabola.

Question 16

What is always the y component of acceleration in 2-D motion?

Answer 16

9.81 m/s^2

Question 17

What is always the x component of acceleration in 2-D motion?

Answer 17

0 m/s^2

Question 18

The reason a mas-spring system exhibits simple harmonic motion is because the restoring force exerted by the spring is proportional to _________.

Answer 18

The negative of displacement

Question 19

A second radio wave has a frequency of 50 MHz. Its ________ is the same as a 100 MHz wave.

Answer 19

Speed

Question 20

Two identical masses hung from two identical springs. Mass one is given an initial displacement of -5cm, and mass 2 is given an initial displacement of +10cm. Which mass oscillates with the greater frequency?

Answer 20

Their frequencies are identical

Question 21

Doubling the mass of a pendulum bob in the previous example would ________ the period of its oscillations.

Answer 21

Not change

Question 22

In general, the longer the string of a simple pendulum, _____________.

Answer 22

the lower its frequency

Question 23

One thing Bernoulli’s equation tells us is that faster-moving fluids tend to have ________.

Answer 23

Lower pressure

Question 24

Blood flowing through a constricted section of an artery has a __________.

Answer 24

Greater speed

Question 25

What is true about mass and weight?

Answer 25

Mass is a scalar and weight is a vector

Question 26

For an ideal fluid flowing through a closed system, the _______ must be the same everywhere.

Answer 26

Volume flow rate

Question 27

A hot tub that is 3 feet deep holds 400 gallons of water. A swimming pool has a shallow end of 3 feet that holds 25,000 gallons. At which location is the absolute pressure the greatest?

Answer 27

The pressure is the same in both places.

Question 28

Golf balls and pong balls have the same volume. If both are dropped in a tank of water, and the golf ball floats with most of its volume beneath the surface. The pong ball floats with most of its volume above the surface. Which one experiences the greater buoyant force?

Answer 28

The golf ball experiences the greater buoyant force

Question 29

Which has the greatest volume; 1 kg of gold, 1kg of liquid water, or 1kg of ice?

Answer 29

The ice has the greatest volume

Question 30

Wearing heels with pointy soles on an airplane was once prohibited. This was because the _______ the shoes exert on the flimsy flooring is too ______.

Answer 30

Pressure; large

Question 31

When a child walks away from the center of a spinning merry-go-round, which of the following quantities decreases?

Answer 31

Angular velocity

Question 32

A potter's wheel rotates at a constant angular speed. A lump of clay near the edge of the wheel has a zero _________.

Answer 32

Angular acceleration

Question 33

A rotating object with a negative angular velocity is speeding up. Its angular acceleration is ________.

Answer 33

negative

Question 34

When calculating a torque, the lever arm points from _______ to where the force is applied.

Answer 34

the axis of rotation

Question 35

A force applied at the axis of rotation will result in zero torque (T or F).

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Linear momentum is a ________.

Answer 36

Vector quantity

Question 37

The impulse applied to an object is equal to ___________.

Answer 37

The change in its momentum

Question 38

A woman of mass 100kg and a girl of mass 50kg are wearing ice skates and facing one another at rest. When they push off one another, the girl's ________ must be two times that of the woman.

Answer 38

Speed

Question 39

Usually, the circus performer simply steps off the tower. If instead, he jumped upward from the tower, his speed when he reached the bottom would be ________

Answer 39

Greater

Question 40

Suppose the same man can either jump upward at 2 m/s or outward at 2 m/s. His speed just before reaching the ground will be __________.

Answer 40

The same either way

Question 41

Gravity does ______ work on a falling raindrop.

Answer 41

Positive

Question 42

When you climb a flight of stairs, gravity does ______ work on you.

Answer 42

Negative

Question 43

A centripetal force, such as gravity acting on the Moon, does _______ work.

Answer 43

Zero

Question 44

What is an elastic collision?

Answer 44

A perfectly elastic collision is one in which no kinetic energy is lost in the collision. Objects collide and do NOT stick together.

Question 45

What is an inelastic collision?

Answer 45

Inelastic collisions do not conserve kinetic energy but do conserve momentum. Collision in which the objects hit and stick together.

Question 46

What is an impulse?

Answer 46

An impulse is the change of momentum.

Question 47

What is momentum?

Answer 47

Momentum is the mass of an object multiplied by its velocity.

Question 48

The Earth exerts a gravitational force on a space station that keeps it in orbit. The work done by this force is _________ because it is _______ to the space station's velocity.

Answer 48

Zero; perpendicular

Question 49

The magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by the moon on the planet is ________ the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by the planet on the moon.

Answer 49

The same as

Question 50

If the moon were orbiting farther from the planet, its speed would have to be _______ because the gravitational force on it and its centripetal acceleration would both be ________.

Answer 50

Less; less

Question 51

What are the conservative forces?

Answer 51

Gravitational force, elastic spring restoring force, and buoyancy force

Question 52

What are the nonconservative forces?

Answer 52

Normal force, the force of friction, and the force of tension

Question 53

Consider 3 identical balls. Ball A is hit straight up into the air with an initial speed of 40m/s. Ball B is hit with an initial velocity of 40m/s, 60 degrees above the horizontal. Ball C is hit with an initial velocity of 40 m/s, 30 degrees above the horizontal. Ignore air resistance. Which ball has the slowest speed when it has risen to a height of 10 meters?

Answer 53

Their speeds are equal

Question 54

Considering the previous question, which ball has the slowest speed at its highest point and why?

Answer 54

Ball A has the slowest speed at the highest point because when it is changed directions the speed became zero since there is no x component of speed, just the y component.

Question 55

If it helps, then the work is _________. If it hinders, then the work is _________. If it does neither, then the work is _________.

Answer 55

Positive; negative; zero

Question 56

For an object in a uniform circular motion, the velocity is always _________, the acceleration is always ________, and the force is always __________.

Answer 56

Tangent to the circle; towards the center; towards the center

Question 57

Which of the following examples exerts the greatest impulse on the tennis racket?

Answer 57

A 60-gram tennis ball that approaches the racket at -25 m/s is hit, and moves away at +25 m/s.

Question 58

What does Bernoulli's Equation tell us?

Answer 58

Tells use that faster fluids have a lower pressure.

Question 59

How does the lengthening of a pendulum string change the frequency?

Answer 59

Decrease the frequency

Question 60

How does taking a pendulum to Jupiter from earth change the frequency?

Answer 60

Increases the frequency

Question 61

How does decreasing the mass of the pendulum change the frequency?

Answer 61

There will be no change to the frequency

Question 62

A bug riding on the end of a fan blade experiences a centripetal acceleration of constant (nonzero) magnitude. What must be true about the angular velocity of the fan?

Answer 62

It is constant but not zero

Question 63

A second bug is riding at the midpoint of the same fan blade. Which of the following motion quantities are the same for both bugs?

Answer 63

Angular Velocity

Question 64

A child riding by himself on a spinning merry-go-round moves away from the centre of the merry-go-round. No one is pushing, and friction is negligible. The rotational inertia of the child-merry-go round system _________.

Answer 64

Increases

Question 65

A child riding by himself on a spinning merry-go-round moves away from the centre of the merry-go-round. No one is pushing, and friction is negligible. The angular momentum of the child-merry-go-round system ____________.

Answer 65

Stays the same

Question 66

A cylindrical container is filled to the brim with an unknown liquid. The top surface of the liquid is exposed to the air. The absolute pressure at the bottom of the container does NOT depend on _____________.

Answer 66

The diameter of the container