Final Exam

Question 1

How many words does an 18mo-6yr old add a day?

Answer 1

nine

Question 2

how many vocab words does a 6yr old have?

Answer 2

14,000

Question 3

5yr old narrative characteristics

Answer 3

focused chain, logical sequencing of events, no plot

Question 4

As early as __ years of age a child can make judgments about the semantic appropriateness of sentences and he can point out the problem.

Answer 4

5

Question 5

most commonly treated disorder in prekindergarten

Answer 5

phonological

Question 6

Prevalence of language disorders in preschool children is

Answer 6

2-19%

Question 7

Learning disability- Among school-age children, __ have some form of learning disability

Answer 7

43.8%

Question 8

School-age children served for autism account for _%

Answer 8

7

Question 9

Dyslexia- Reading disorders affect _% of the population

Answer 9

5-20%

Question 10

quasi-resonant nuclei

Answer 10

First 2 months -reflexive fussing, crying, grunt-like sounds

Question 11

Between 2 and 4 months- child demonstrates comfort through __

Answer 11

cooing

Question 12

At the end of this period the vowels begin to become fully resonant nuclei, with a full range of frequencies and resonances.

Answer 12

2-4 months

Question 13

age of ability to laugh

Answer 13

4 months

Question 14

age of babbling to interact directly and intentionally with family- Incorporates patterns from native language – intonation, rhythm, and pausing.

Answer 14

5-10 months

Question 15

T/F Widely varying language and cultural backgrounds sound remarkable different during the first stage of phonetical development.

Answer 15

F- very similar, not different

Question 16

__-word stage lasts anywhere from 10-18 months

Answer 16

one

Question 17

By 18-24 months the __-word stage will commence

Answer 17

two

Question 18

Around the child’s __ birthday – combination of babbling, protowords, and the emergence of first words.

Answer 18

first

Question 19

Bilingual First Language Acquisition –

Answer 19

a child acquires two languages from birth and becomes competent in both languages at an equal rate

Question 20

Bilingual Second Language Acquisition –

Answer 20

a child acquires one language before exposure to a second language. (Exposure to the second language comes at least one month after birth and before the child’s second birthday.)

Question 21

Hybrid –

Answer 21

convoluted single language combination that includes elements of both languages

Question 22

emergent readers age

Answer 22

30-48 months

Question 23

characteristics of emergent readers

Answer 23

not reading, but pretending to read
Interested in books – stories and pictures
Can discuss the story and predict outcomes
Beginning to recognize certain letters and words

Question 24

how to help emergent readers

Answer 24

Encourage the emergent readers. Give them greater phonological awareness. Leads to future reading proficiency.
Books should be slightly more advanced than a child’s language abilities
Language should be repetitive, rhythmic and natural
Illustration should help reader predict what the text says and what might happen next
Help them to know that language in all forms is about Meaning.

Question 25

T/F Some groups of people have no written form

Answer 25

T

Question 26

Contributions Approach to multicultural curriculum -

Answer 26

Teachers include information on selected heroes and holidays from a range of cultures, focusing on a few specific characteristics of these cultures

Question 27

Additive Approach to multicultural curriculum–

Answer 27

Teachers add to the existing curriculum by expanding content, introducing culturally related concepts, themes, and perspectives without changing the basic structure of the old curriculum

Question 28

Transformation Approach to multicultural curriculum-

Answer 28

The structure of the curriculum is changed-redesigned to allow all students to understand, appreciate, and value concepts from different ethnic ad cultural groups.

Question 29

Social Action Approach to multicultural curriculum–

Answer 29

Used in combination with one or more strategies above. Students with increased understanding make decisions about how to address social issues. Students take action to solve problems arising from cultural differences

Question 30

Revoicing –

Answer 30

An instruction format in which the students talk to one another as well as the teacher who functions as a learning facilitator

Question 31

Reduplication

Answer 31

The morphological and phonological process of forming a compound word by repeating all or part of it

Question 32

Phonology –

Answer 32

the study of speech sounds and the rules that determine how sounds can be sequenced into syllables and words.

Question 33

Metalinguistics –

Answer 33

To think about the language and manipulate the components of the language

Question 34

Dramatic increase in metalinguistic awareness ages __

Answer 34

5-8

Question 35

By age of __ child will know whether enough information is contained in a message, whether instructions are adequate. Child recognized glaring inconsistencies and contradictions - a man would not say “When I was a little girl …”

Answer 35

5 or 6

Question 36

Idioms –

Answer 36

expressions that have a figurative meaning separate from literal meaning of words – “The cat’s out of the bag”.

Question 37

Similes -

Answer 37

comparing two unlike things - often introduced by like or as – “She has cheeks like roses.”

Question 38

Metaphors –

Answer 38

a thing regarded as representative or symbolic of something else - “It’s raining cats and dogs.

Question 39

Irony -

Answer 39

the use of words to express something other than and especially the opposite of the literal meaning - a fire station burns down

Question 40

Children depend on cues – facial expression, tone of voice to understand

Answer 40

figurative language

Question 41

semantic categorization

Answer 41

Chunking – Chunks change as language matures

Question 42

auditory cues

Answer 42

Child uses sounds to access words – phonological codes

Question 43

visual cues

Answer 43

Seeing picture to trigger word recall