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Soil Science > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Expressed in milliequivalents per 100 g of soil

A

CEC

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2
Q

Any element that is positively charged such as Ca2+ is called a

A

Cation

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3
Q

The ability of soil particles to absorb or adsorb and store anions

A

AEC

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4
Q

Any element that is negatively charged such as Cl is called an

A

Anion

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5
Q

Net result of the overall negative charge of the oxygen atom and the overal postive charges of the two hydrogen atoms

A

Polarity

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6
Q

Clays with 11 fixed lance type (less expanding) belong to what clay group?

A

Kaolinite group

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7
Q

This refers to the process by which soil nutrients tnents such as NO2 are washed down by water from the root zone of the plants

A

Leaching

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8
Q

The kind of acidity which is due to the hydrogen ion concentration of the soil solution

A

Active

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9
Q

The practice of covering the soil surface with matenals that can maintain an ideal soil temperature

A

Mulching

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10
Q

The most common smectite which is among the “swelling clays”

A

Montmorillonite

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11
Q

A state of subdivision of a particle in the soil such that surface properties predominate

A

Colloid

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12
Q

A type of silicate clays with two sheets held together by oxygen atom that are mutualy shared by Si and Al

A

Kaolinite/non-expanding

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13
Q

Saline soil characterized by white crust on surface and predominantly containing CaCO, is also called

A

White soil

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14
Q

Materials containing Ca or Ca and Mg compounds used mainly to neutralize soil acidity up to a desired level

A

Lime

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15
Q

Unsegmented worms in soil mostly macroscopic

A

Nematodes

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16
Q

Sificate, oxide and amorphous clays belong to this type of colloids

A

Inorganic soils

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17
Q

The process of substitution of one ion for another of similar size within crystal lattice

A

Isomorphous substitution

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18
Q

These root swelling forms due to the infection of root hairs by the Rhizobium bactena

A

Nodule

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19
Q

This bacteral species oxidizes S to form SO2

A

Thiobacillus

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20
Q

Nitrosomona Nitrosococcus. Nitrobacter and Nitrococcus belong to what group of N-Fixing Bacteria bacteria (with regards to the N cycle?

A

N-Fixing bacteria

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21
Q

Indigenous bactena are called

A

Authoctthonous

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22
Q

The process whereby cations adsorbed on the colloid are exchanged for those in the soil solution

A

Cation exchange

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23
Q

The is ability to provide essential plant nutrients in adequate amounts and proper proportions to sustain plant growth

A

Soil fertility

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24
Q

Invader bacteria are called

A

Allocthonous

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25
Q

Sorption property of sols including exchange reactions of both cations and anions

A

Ion sorption capacity

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26
Q

group of symbiotic fungi living in close association with the root system

A

Mycorrhizal fungi

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27
Q

In terms of O requirement, these group of bacteria require O, to survive

A

Aerobic

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28
Q

These are nitrogen-fixing and photosynthetic bacteria

A

Blue-Green Algae

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29
Q

The process of accumulation of chemicals at the solid-liquid interface

A

Adsorption

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30
Q

A problem sol having a low pH below 7.0

A

Acidic soil

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31
Q

Soils which contain at least 2600 ppm soluble salts in the solution from a soil saturated with water

A

Saline soil

32
Q

in terms of O, requirement, these group of bacteria only survive in the absence of 02

A

Anaerobe

33
Q

This involves a series of management steps designed to leach or “wash out the salt’s or sodium form the soil

A

Reclamation

34
Q

terms of O2requirement, these group of bacteria can survive ether in the
absence or presence of O2

A

Facultative anaerobe

35
Q

Nutrients that are needed in relatively large amount than other nutrients

A

Macronutrients

36
Q

In terms of energy and carbon sources, this group of microorganisms require preformed organic nutrients for energy and carbon

A

Heterotrophic

37
Q

Soills which contain enough sodium (Na) to cause 15% of the cation exchange sites to be occupied by Na (exchangeable sodium percentage ESP)

A

Alkali soils

38
Q

A type of silicate clays with unit layers that are loosely held together by weak oxygen-to-oxygen and cation-to-oxygen linkages

A

2: SPANDING/SMECTITE/VERMICULATE

39
Q

Deficiencies of these nutnents show an older, lower leaves

A

Mobile nutrient

40
Q

in terms of energy and carbon sources, this group of microorganisms obtain energy from sunlight and carbon from CO; assimilation

A

Autotrophic

41
Q

A micronutrient that is a critical requirement for nitrogen metabolism in legumes

A

Molydenum

42
Q

Urea (46-0-0) contains how much (in percent) nitogen?

A

46%

43
Q

In terms of temperature requirement, this group of microorganisms require optimal
temperatures between 25 to 35°C

A

Thermopile

44
Q

Locally called the “sabog method of fertilizer application

A

Broadcast

45
Q

A type of erosion that is a result of human activities

A

Accelerated

46
Q

The process ss occurs in the soil when air is forced in by wind or pressure

A

Mass flow

47
Q

terms of temperature requirement this group of microorganisms requires temperatures below 20°C

A

Psycrophiles

48
Q

method of placement of fertilizer nutrients in a concentrated zone near the seed of around the base of the plant

A

Banding

49
Q

A type of silicate clays which contain interlayer K with the unit layers bonded more strongly than montmanlonile and vermiculite hence no expansion

A

Illite2:1/Non expanding

50
Q

In term of temperature requirement. this group of microorganisms favor temperatures between 45 to 55°C

A

Thermopile

51
Q

This the transitional group between simple bactena and fungi with overlapping Characteristics with both groups, many are antibiotic-producing

A

Actinomycetes

52
Q

This group of microorganisms contains no chlorophyll, produces mycelia and has the widest pH range among the sor microorganisms, even existing in acid soils

A

Fungi

53
Q

Green algae belong to what group of soil algae?

A

Chrolophyta

54
Q

Blue- green algae belong to what group of soil algae?

A

Cyanophyta

55
Q

Diatoms be org to what group of soil algae?

A

Bacilliariophyta

56
Q

Yellow-green algae belong to what group of soil algae?

A

Xanthophyta

57
Q

This is the process of converting substrate to protoplasmic carbon

A

Assimilation

58
Q

This type of mycorrhiza is charactenzed by the fungal symbiont forming vesicles within the plant’s root system.

A

VA mycorrhizae

59
Q

This species of bactena is the most active decomposer under anaerobic condition.

A

Clostridium

60
Q

This type of interaction between species is charactenzed by both organisms benefiting from the interaction

A

Symbiosis

61
Q

This is the process of converting organic compounds to inorganic forms

A

Mineralization

62
Q

This is the process of transforming complex substrate into simple products.

A

Degredation

63
Q

Ionic symbol
Nitrogen (monovalent onion)

A

NO3-

64
Q

Phosphorus

A

HPO4-

65
Q

Potassium

A

K+

66
Q

Magnesium

A

Mg++

67
Q

Calcium

A

Ca++

68
Q

Manganese

A

Mn2+

69
Q

Boron

A

B(HO)3

70
Q

Zinc

A

Zn++

71
Q

Iron for broad-leave plants

A

Fe2+

72
Q

Molybdenum

A

Mo04 2-

73
Q

Copper

A

Cu2+

74
Q

Sulfur

A

So4 2-

75
Q

Chroline

A

Cl-

Soil Science (1 decks)

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