Final Exam

Question 1

Expressed in milliequivalents per 100 g of soil

Answer 1

CEC

Question 2

Any element that is positively charged such as Ca2+ is called a

Answer 2

Cation

Question 3

The ability of soil particles to absorb or adsorb and store anions

Answer 3

AEC

Question 4

Any element that is negatively charged such as Cl is called an

Answer 4

Anion

Question 5

Net result of the overall negative charge of the oxygen atom and the overal postive charges of the two hydrogen atoms

Answer 5

Polarity

Question 6

Clays with 11 fixed lance type (less expanding) belong to what clay group?

Answer 6

Kaolinite group

Question 7

This refers to the process by which soil nutrients tnents such as NO2 are washed down by water from the root zone of the plants

Answer 7

Leaching

Question 8

The kind of acidity which is due to the hydrogen ion concentration of the soil solution

Answer 8

Active

Question 9

The practice of covering the soil surface with matenals that can maintain an ideal soil temperature

Answer 9

Mulching

Question 10

The most common smectite which is among the “swelling clays”

Answer 10

Montmorillonite

Question 11

A state of subdivision of a particle in the soil such that surface properties predominate

Answer 11

Colloid

Question 12

A type of silicate clays with two sheets held together by oxygen atom that are mutualy shared by Si and Al

Answer 12

Kaolinite/non-expanding

Question 13

Saline soil characterized by white crust on surface and predominantly containing CaCO, is also called

Answer 13

White soil

Question 14

Materials containing Ca or Ca and Mg compounds used mainly to neutralize soil acidity up to a desired level

Answer 14

Lime

Question 15

Unsegmented worms in soil mostly macroscopic

Answer 15

Nematodes

Question 16

Sificate, oxide and amorphous clays belong to this type of colloids

Answer 16

Inorganic soils

Question 17

The process of substitution of one ion for another of similar size within crystal lattice

Answer 17

Isomorphous substitution

Question 18

These root swelling forms due to the infection of root hairs by the Rhizobium bactena

Answer 18

Nodule

Question 19

This bacteral species oxidizes S to form SO2

Answer 19

Thiobacillus

Question 20

Nitrosomona Nitrosococcus. Nitrobacter and Nitrococcus belong to what group of N-Fixing Bacteria bacteria (with regards to the N cycle?

Answer 20

N-Fixing bacteria

Question 21

Indigenous bactena are called

Answer 21

Authoctthonous

Question 22

The process whereby cations adsorbed on the colloid are exchanged for those in the soil solution

Answer 22

Cation exchange

Question 23

The is ability to provide essential plant nutrients in adequate amounts and proper proportions to sustain plant growth

Answer 23

Soil fertility

Question 24

Invader bacteria are called

Answer 24

Allocthonous

Question 25

Sorption property of sols including exchange reactions of both cations and anions

Answer 25

Ion sorption capacity

Question 26

group of symbiotic fungi living in close association with the root system

Answer 26

Mycorrhizal fungi

Question 27

In terms of O requirement, these group of bacteria require O, to survive

Answer 27

Aerobic

Question 28

These are nitrogen-fixing and photosynthetic bacteria

Answer 28

Blue-Green Algae

Question 29

The process of accumulation of chemicals at the solid-liquid interface

Answer 29

Adsorption

Question 30

A problem sol having a low pH below 7.0

Answer 30

Acidic soil

Question 31

Soils which contain at least 2600 ppm soluble salts in the solution from a soil saturated with water

Answer 31

Saline soil

Question 32

in terms of O, requirement, these group of bacteria only survive in the absence of 02

Answer 32

Anaerobe

Question 33

This involves a series of management steps designed to leach or "wash out the salt's or sodium form the soil

Answer 33

Reclamation

Question 34

terms of O2requirement, these group of bacteria can survive ether in the absence or presence of O2

Answer 34

Facultative anaerobe

Question 35

Nutrients that are needed in relatively large amount than other nutrients

Answer 35

Macronutrients

Question 36

In terms of energy and carbon sources, this group of microorganisms require preformed organic nutrients for energy and carbon

Answer 36

Heterotrophic

Question 37

Soills which contain enough sodium (Na) to cause 15% of the cation exchange sites to be occupied by Na (exchangeable sodium percentage ESP)

Answer 37

Alkali soils

Question 38

A type of silicate clays with unit layers that are loosely held together by weak oxygen-to-oxygen and cation-to-oxygen linkages

Answer 38

2: SPANDING/SMECTITE/VERMICULATE

Question 39

Deficiencies of these nutnents show an older, lower leaves

Answer 39

Mobile nutrient

Question 40

in terms of energy and carbon sources, this group of microorganisms obtain energy from sunlight and carbon from CO; assimilation

Answer 40

Autotrophic

Question 41

A micronutrient that is a critical requirement for nitrogen metabolism in legumes

Answer 41

Molydenum

Question 42

Urea (46-0-0) contains how much (in percent) nitogen?

Answer 42

46%

Question 43

In terms of temperature requirement, this group of microorganisms require optimal temperatures between 25 to 35°C

Answer 43

Thermopile

Question 44

Locally called the "sabog method of fertilizer application

Answer 44

Broadcast

Question 45

A type of erosion that is a result of human activities

Answer 45

Accelerated

Question 46

The process ss occurs in the soil when air is forced in by wind or pressure

Answer 46

Mass flow

Question 47

terms of temperature requirement this group of microorganisms requires temperatures below 20°C

Answer 47

Psycrophiles

Question 48

method of placement of fertilizer nutrients in a concentrated zone near the seed of around the base of the plant

Answer 48

Banding

Question 49

A type of silicate clays which contain interlayer K with the unit layers bonded more strongly than montmanlonile and vermiculite hence no expansion

Answer 49

Illite2:1/Non expanding

Question 50

In term of temperature requirement. this group of microorganisms favor temperatures between 45 to 55°C

Answer 50

Thermopile

Question 51

This the transitional group between simple bactena and fungi with overlapping Characteristics with both groups, many are antibiotic-producing

Answer 51

Actinomycetes

Question 52

This group of microorganisms contains no chlorophyll, produces mycelia and has the widest pH range among the sor microorganisms, even existing in acid soils

Answer 52

Fungi

Question 53

Green algae belong to what group of soil algae?

Answer 53

Chrolophyta

Question 54

Blue- green algae belong to what group of soil algae?

Answer 54

Cyanophyta

Question 55

Diatoms be org to what group of soil algae?

Answer 55

Bacilliariophyta

Question 56

Yellow-green algae belong to what group of soil algae?

Answer 56

Xanthophyta

Question 57

This is the process of converting substrate to protoplasmic carbon

Answer 57

Assimilation

Question 58

This type of mycorrhiza is charactenzed by the fungal symbiont forming vesicles within the plant's root system.

Answer 58

VA mycorrhizae

Question 59

This species of bactena is the most active decomposer under anaerobic condition.

Answer 59

Clostridium

Question 60

This type of interaction between species is charactenzed by both organisms benefiting from the interaction

Answer 60

Symbiosis

Question 61

This is the process of converting organic compounds to inorganic forms

Answer 61

Mineralization

Question 62

This is the process of transforming complex substrate into simple products.

Answer 62

Degredation

Question 63

Ionic symbol Nitrogen (monovalent onion)

Answer 63

NO3-

Question 64

Phosphorus

Answer 64

HPO4-

Question 65

Potassium

Answer 65

K+

Question 66

Magnesium

Answer 66

Mg++

Question 67

Calcium

Answer 67

Ca++

Question 68

Manganese

Answer 68

Mn2+

Question 69

Boron

Answer 69

B(HO)3

Question 70

Zinc

Answer 70

Zn++

Question 71

Iron for broad-leave plants

Answer 71

Fe2+

Question 72

Molybdenum

Answer 72

Mo04 2-

Question 73

Copper

Answer 73

Cu2+

Question 74

Sulfur

Answer 74

So4 2-

Question 75

Chroline

Answer 75

Cl-