final exam

Question 1

define collective dose

Answer 1

the risk for the population as a whole

Question 2

who discovered mutagenesis

Answer 2

Herman mueller

Question 3

what is mutagenesis

Answer 3

that ionizing radiation produces mutations

Question 4

what animal was used in the discovery of mutagenesis

Answer 4

fruit flies

Question 5

what is the measure of the ionization of air

Answer 5

air kerma

Question 6

what is the energy that is absorbed in matter

Answer 6

gray

Question 7

what is the unit for occupational exposure / dose equivalent

Answer 7

sievert

Question 8

what is the most commonly used unit for occupational workers

Answer 8

mSv

Question 9

Radiographers: whole body dose

Answer 9

50mSv / 5 rem yearly

Question 10

radiographers: lens of eye dose

Answer 10

150mSv / yr

Question 11

radiographers: whole body skin dose

Answer 11

500 mSv / 50 rem / year

Question 12

radiographers: extremities dose

Answer 12

500 mSv/ 50 rem / yr / each extremity

Question 13

dose for embryo / fetus / pregnancy

Answer 13

.5 mSv / .05 rem / month

Question 14

annual dose for radiographers

Answer 14

50 mSv

Question 15

what is the main source of radiation to the US population

Answer 15

radon

Question 16

what does the NCRP do

Answer 16

collects, analyze, develop and disseminate radiation protection measurements, quantities and units

Question 17

where does the NCRP get their information from

Answer 17

BEIR and NSC

Question 18

when is occupational radiation monitoring required

Answer 18

when the person has a chance to receive more than 1/10th of the recommended dose limit

Question 19

what are the two main groups for radiation protection

Answer 19

1. radiation workers (occupationally exposed & occasionally exposed)
2. general public

Question 20

what is the dose limit doe general public

Answer 20

1/10th of rad workers (5mSv / .5 rem)

Question 21

six ways to ensure the patient is protected as much as possible

Answer 21

1. avoid errors by verifying requisition and verify pt ID
2. avoid repeats
3. maintain minimum 40 sid
4. shield
5. collimate
6. use highest kvp and lowest mas possible

Question 22

what does a geiger mueller do

Answer 22

detects the presence of alpha and beta radiation

Question 23

what does a cutie pie do

Answer 23

measures the exposure rate for xray gamma alpha and beta

Question 24

what do occupational radiation monitors detect

Answer 24

quantity of radiation

Question 25

what are the three types of occupational radiation monitors

Answer 25

OSL: optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters TLD: thermoluminescent dosimeters film badge

Question 26

what 5 things does a dosimetry report have

Answer 26

1. participant ID 2. type of dosimeter 3. radiation quality 4. exposure in mrem 5. location on the body of exposure

Question 27

what is a dosimetry report

Answer 27

documents the personnel's radiation dose equivalent for a specific month

Question 28

what is an individual assigned to develop and implement the radiation safety program

Answer 28

RSO

Question 29

what is primary radiation

Answer 29

the useful beam, it is image forming

Question 30

what is secondary radiation

Answer 30

leakage and scatter leakage: from tube housing scatter: spreads isotropically from the beam after interaction with matter

Question 31

every xray tube housing must have protective housing enclosed by ____ Pb

Answer 31

1/16th inch

Question 32

leakage radiation must be less than ____ mGy/hr at a distance of ___ from the housing

Answer 32

100 mGy 1 m / 3ft

Question 33

how long is the exposure switch

Answer 33

6ft

Question 34

what is the controlled or control area

Answer 34

the area occupied by radiology personnel. occupancy of 1

Question 35

what is an uncontrolled area

Answer 35

area occupied by the public

Question 36

thickness for glass window

Answer 36

1.5mm pb equiv.

Question 37

where is the primary barrier wall

Answer 37

perpendicular to beam travel

Question 38

what is the height and lead thickness for primary wall

Answer 38

7ft tall, 1/16th in pb

Question 39

what is the secondary barrier wall

Answer 39

wall parallel to beam travel and control booth

Question 40

what is the pb thickness for secondary wall

Answer 40

1/32pb

Question 41

how many times do xrays scatter before reaching control booth

Answer 41

2x

Question 42

The secondary wall is exposed to what types of radiation

Answer 42

scatter and leakage

Question 43

what are the three factors that determine barrier thickness

Answer 43

time of occupancy workload use

Question 44

what does an aluminum filter do

Answer 44

absorb low energy photons improve beam quality decreases pt absorbed dose

Question 45

what is the determining factor for the total filtration required

Answer 45

kvp

Question 46

what is the minimum filtration for operating above 70 kvp

Answer 46

2.5 mm al eq

Question 47

what is HVL

Answer 47

the thickness of material that will reduce the xray intensity to half its original value

Question 48

HVL measures beam _____

Answer 48

quality

Question 49

what are some beam limiting devices

Answer 49

aperture diaphragm cones collimators

Question 50

what utilizes a direct capture system, with a solid state detector plate

Answer 50

digital radiography

Question 51

what is placed between the patient and IR to absorb scatter

Answer 51

grids

Question 52

lowest grid radio = (lower/higher) pt dose

Answer 52

lower

Question 53

the principal factors that affect the amount of scatter produced are

Answer 53

kilovoltage and the irradiated material

Question 54

as volume of the irradiated tissue increases, scatter ...

Answer 54

increases

Question 55

volume ___ as field size increases

Answer 55

increases

Question 56

volume increases as patient size ____

Answer 56

increases

Question 57

larger field size means more or less chance of scatter

Answer 57

more

Question 58

large body parts mean more or less scatter

Answer 58

more

Question 59

long scale contrast is more (b&w/gray)

Answer 59

gray

Question 60

long scale high or low kvp

Answer 60

high