Final Exam Flashcards by Paige McCarroll

define compound

drug or combination of drugs prepared or compounded in a pharmacy according to a prescription

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USP 795: three characteristic of compounding

DR-Patient-Pharm staff relationship
meds prepared are consistent w/ dispensing practices
limited to specific rx orders

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NAPRA Standard: 1

Expertise in Drug Distribution System

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NAPRA Standard: 2

Collaboration

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NAPRA Standard: 3

Safety and Quality

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NAPRA Standard: 4

Professionalism and Ethics

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Define Pharmacy

a premise which prescriptions are compounded and dispensed for the public or sold

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Define Pharmaceutical Care

provided drug therapy

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Define Pharmacology

The study of the effects of drugs and the mechanisms of action on living things

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Define Drug

agent intended for the use in the diagnosis/treatment of a disease

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Define Pharmaceutical dosage form

type of preparation containing the drug which is administered accurately and safely by desired route

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types of dosage forms

tablets/capsules
creams
suspensions
shampoos
sticks
lozenges

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Define Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Active or medical ingredients

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Define Route of admin

The route that the meds are given

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Define dose

The amount of medication given at one time

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When should you use a workplace label

When a potentially hazardous is transferred from a supplier container

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Causes of sub-standard products

Lack of knowledge
Inadequate training
disregard for environment controls or procedures
calc errors
measuring errors
wrong ingredient
procedure errors

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Type of water used for compounding

purified

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Level A pharmacy

separate compounding area

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Level B Pharmacy

dedicated room for compounding

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Level C Pharmacy

Separate room with negative pressure

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Simple compounding

Preparation that has a USP compounding monograph

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Moderate compounding

Preparation that requires specialized calculations per individual

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Complex Compounding

Preparation that requires special training and environment

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Measuring volume usually refers to...

Liquids

What do you use to measure liquids

Graduated cylinders Pipettes Beakers

Measuring weight usually refers to...

solids or semi solids

you measure solids with...

Electronic scale, torsion balance

incorporation

mixing ingredients using mortar and pestle or ointment slab and spatula

Fusion

melting together ingredients with high melting points

Trituration

grinding a chemical into a fine powder using mortar and pestle

Levigation

reducing a chemicals particle size in a mortar or ointment pad using a liquid

Spatulation

mixing powders on an ointment slab using a spatula

Geometric dilution

Incorporation a small portion of the base into the powder

Eutectic Mixture

when two substances are mixed together they melt and solidify at a single temperature

Sizes of graduated cylinders

3 mL to 2L

Meniscus

the most curved top or bottom portion of the liquid, used to measure the amount of liquid

Largest dispensing bottle size

500mL

Largest Vial sizes

40 drams

Largest ointment pots/jars

500g

what kind of mixture is salt and ice

Eutectic

what kind of mixture is camphor and menthol

Eutectic

required temperature for a product that needs to be refrigerated

2c to 8c

describe a base

a substance when dissolved yields hydroxide ions

normal pH for blood

7.4

describe an acid

a substance wehn dissolved in water yields hydrogen ions

describe a paste

semi solid for topical application that has aqueous gels and fatty pastes

centipoise(cP) is used to measure what?

The viscosity of a liquid

describe a buffer

a compound that resists changes in pH of the solution

describe buffer capacity

measure of the resistance to change in the pH solution

Acidifying Agent

provides acid medium in liquid preparation for product stability

Alkalinizing agent

provides basic medium in a liquid preparation for product stability

Chelating agent

inactivates the catalytic activity of metal ions

Surfactants

lower surface tension between 2 liquids

Emulsifying agent

integrates two fluids that don't generally mix

Viscostiy

the resistance to flow

name 2 viscosity increasing agents

cellulose derivatives natural polymers

Name 2 synthetic polymers

carbomer NF Poloxamer NF

encapsulating agents

thin shells that encase drug mixtures

Coating agents provide...

Protection, timed release

Disintegrates promote...

the break up of tablets into smaller pieces

Anti-adherants prevent...

The sticking of tablet powder or tablets to punches and dies

Binders cause...

Particles to stick together during granulation

Diluents provide...

bulk in tablets and capsules

Glidants improve...

Flow of powder in tabs and caps

Lubricants reduce...

Friction and adherence during tablet compression

Polishing agents make...

Tablets shiny

ointment base is...

semi solid dosage form

Cream base is...

Semi solid dosage form that has a fluid consistency

Gel base is...

Semi solid dosage form containing a gel agent that provides stiffness

Paste is...

Semi solid dosage form with aqueous gels and fatty pastes

Collodion is...

Semi solid dosage that is thicker

Humectant

Prevents water loss

Stiffening Agents

Increase thickness or hardness of product

Most common solvent

Water

7% alcohol acts as...

Preservative

what is considered an alcohol?

Ethanol

What is considered a ketone

Acetone Methyl

Cyclodextrins

starch derivatives

Miscible

Two liquids that are soluble in each other

Solvent

A liquid that is capable of dissolving a substance

Spirit

Alcoholic Solution

Syrup

Oral solution that contain a high sugar level

Solution

clear liquid preparation where all ingredients are dissolved in a suitable vehicles

Lotion

Emulsion for external application to the skin

Solute

Substance that is dispersed in the solvent

Magma

Thick suspension of small inorganic solids

Most common emulsion

Oil in Water

Endodermic is...

Internal layer of skin

Elixir

Hydroalcoholic Liquid containing dissolved medicinal agents

Tincture

Contain vegetable/chemical substances in a alcoholic/hydroalcoholic solvents

Heating when preparing can...

increase the rate of solution for some substances

Stirring when preparing can...

increase the rate of dissolution

Suspension

Liquid that contains ingredients that are not soluble in the vehicle

Bottle method

Shake ingredients together in bottle

what does an emulsion require to breakup a liquid and increase surface area

Energy source

When a liquid is volatile use...

the bottle method

What is fusion

Heating slowly at low heat

Diadermic is...

going into and through the skin

Epidermic is...

External layer of the skin

Final Exam Flashcards

(100 cards)