Final Exam Flashcards by Paige McCarroll

Antibiotics are…

Naturally occurring substances produced by microorganisms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stain Purple means

Gram-positive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stain Pink means

Gram-Negative

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are culture and sensitivity test?(Petri dish)

Determine the effectiveness of an antibiotic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Broad Spectrum Antibiotics

Acts against wide range of bacteria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Narrow spectrum antibiotics

Act against specific Families of bacteria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Penicillin is a …

Broad spectrum antibiotic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cephalosporins is a…

Broad spectrum antibiotics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tetracyclines is a…

Broad spectrum antibiotics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fluroquinolones is a…

Broad spectrum antibiotic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Bactericidal

destroys rapidly proliferating bacteria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

define Bacteriostatic

Slow the growth of bacteria for the host to destroy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aminoglycosides and Beta-lactam antibiotics are…

Bactericidal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Metronidazole and Quinolones are…

Bactericidal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Vancomycin and tetracycline(sometimes) are…

Bactericidal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chloramphenicol and clindamycin are…

Bacteriostatic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Macrolide and Nitrofurantoin are…

Bacteriostatic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oxazolidinones and tetracycline are…

Bacteriostatic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sulfonamides and trimethoprim are…

Bacteriostatic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nosocomial Infection

Acquired at healthcare facilities

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Superinfection

secondary infection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Microbes

bacteria or virus organism that live everywhere

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Microbes can cause…

Acute infection
Chronic Infections
Latent Infections

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Acute infection

Short lived

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Chronic Infection

Last week, months or a lifetime

Define Latent Infection

May not cause symptoms at first but can be reactivated

MOA Antimicrobial

inhibit cell wall synthesis Inhibit cell wall function inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis Antifolates

Bacterial Cell wall Synthesis

Antibacterials target cell walls, human cells = no cell wall therefore no human harm

Beta-Lactams target cell walls, examples

Penicillin cephalosporins Carbapenems Monobactams

Bacterial Cell wall Function

Bind Bacterial membranes, causing cell contents to leak

Examples of bacterial Cell wall function

Polymixin B

Protein Synthesis

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, reducing number of disease causing bacteria

Bacterial DNA

self repilcating carries genetic information

Bacterial RNA

carries instructions ffrom DNA for controlling protein synthesis

Define Antifolates

Blacks synthesis of folic acid in bacteria

Define Microbial Resistance

Bacteria overcoming the bactericidal effects of an antibiotic

What enzyme can destroy Beta-Lactam Antibiotics

Beta-lactamase

What bacteria mutate to change transport mechanism

Bacteria that is resistant to tetracyclines

-mycin

Aminoglycosides

ceph- or cef-

Cephalosporin drugs

-floxacin

Fluoroquinolone

-thromycin

Macrolides

-cillin

Penicillin family

Sulf-

Sulfonamides

-cycline

Tetracycline

Aminoglycosides are used...

for treatment of serious infections

What do Aminoglycosides do?

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

3 factors considered when choosing a antimicrobial

Host Bacterial factors Pharmacologic factors

Serious ADRs linked to aminoglycoside use

Ototoxicity

Fluoroquinolones fight infections by...

Inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis and DNA gyrase

Macrolides fight infection by...

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

Penicillin's fight infections by...

Interfering with bacterial cell wall crosslinks

Which antiretroviral is associated with intracranial hemorrhage

Tipranavir

oral medication that is effective for nail fungal infection

Terbinafine

Macrolides are primarily used to treat...

Upper respiratory infections

Oxazolidinones

treatment for gram-positive bacterial infections

Oxazolidines MOA

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

Penicillin MOA

Inhibit cross-linkage of peptide side chains the bacterial cell well

Carbapenems MOA

Beta-lactam ring binds to penem ring

Treatment for Influenza A

Amantadine

increased oral absorption in the treatment of HSV1

Valacyclovir

Antivirals effect what?

Inhibit Viral Replication

What will not influence the outcome of antiviral therapy

Ability of the virus to penetrate the PNS

Aid cocktails are made up of...

3 or more medications

Amphotericin B

Infusion Reactions

Primary Mechanisms of action of antifungals

destroy fungal cell membrane interfere with synthesis of nucleic acids needed for replication Inhibit synthesis of fungal cell wall

How do imidazole and triazole drugs fight off infection

interfere with ergosterol

Echinocandins treat which fungi?

Candida Aspergillus

Candida is...

yeast trush

Allylamine Antifungal is...

Terbinafine

Allylamine Antifungal MOA

Block enzyme needed for ergosterol synthesis

Polyene's are...

Nystatin Amphotericin B

Polyene MOA

Bind irreversibly to ergosterol

Thiocarbamates is...

Tolnaftate

Thiocarbamates MOA

Stunts growth of susceptible dermatophytes

Sulfonylureas are...

Glyburides Gliclazide

Final Exam Flashcards

(76 cards)