Final Exam Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
What is biopsychology
A
2
Q
What did the accident of Phineas Gage imply
A
3
Q
What is trephination
A
4
Q
What did Hippocrates say was the source of all intellect
A
5
Q
What was the Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus
A
6
Q
Where did the Egyptians think the spirit was located
A
7
Q
Where did the Mesopotamians think emotion was located
A
8
Q
What did Galen suggest
A
9
Q
What is the Mind/Brain problem
A
10
Q
What is the difference between monism and dualism
A
11
Q
Was Descartes a monist or a dualist? How did he solve this problem
A
12
Q
What is meant by materialism
A
13
Q
Who invented phrenology and what is phrenology
A
14
Q
What are the important goals of biopsychology
A
15
Q
How do biopsychologists achieve these goals
A
16
Q
What is agnosia
A
17
Q
What is unilateral neglect
A
18
Q
What makes up the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous system
A
19
Q
What is the reticular formation and pons
A
20
Q
How is sensory information processed in the central nervous system
A
21
Q
What are the roles of the thalamus, tectum, and cortex
A
22
Q
Name two divisions of the thalamus
A
23
Q
What are some regions important for movement
A
24
Q
What makes up the basal ganglia and what is its function
A
25
What region degenerates in Parkinson's disease
26
What regions are important for motivation and emotion
27
What is homeostasis?
28
What makes up the limbic system and what is its function
29
What are some functions of the cortex
30
What are the four lobes of the brain
31
What is aphasia
32
What are the two neuron types
33
What and where are the three meninges
34
Describe the flow of CSF
35
What is hydrocephalus and how is it caused
36
What are the two main arteries that supply blood to the brain
37
What is the blood brain barrier
38
What can break down the blood brain barrier
39
What do the dorsal and ventral horns of the spinal cord do
40
What kind of information can cranial nerves carry
41
What did Cajal say that was so important
42
What are the parts of a neuron and how is information carried
43
What is a dendritic spine
44
What shape can neurons have
45
What are the types of glial cells and how do they differ
46
What ions are important for resting membrane potential and action potential
47
Which ions are found in greater amounts outside the cell, inside, and what is the charge of each
48
What voltage levels do neurons usually rest at
-70 mV
49
What forces move ions into or out of neurons
50
What ion is most permeable at rest
51
What kinds of ion channels are there
52
What is an action potential and how does it work
53
What ions mediate each type of refractory period and what is the difference between them
54
Which way does the sodium-potassium pump pump ions
55
How is an action potential propagated down an axon
56
What kind of axon propagates action potentials the fastest or slowest
57
What are EPSPs and IPSPs and how do they summate
58
What is a synapse
59
What is exocytosis and what causes it
60
What happens to a neurotransmitter after it is released and how is it deactivated
61
Which is faster, an electrical or chemical synapse
electrical
62
What kinds of receptors are there and how do they differ
63
What is histology
64
what is the Golgi stain used for, Nissl, Myelin
65
What are retrograde tracers used for
66
What are anterograde tracers used for
67
What is immunohistochemistry used for
68
What are ways that we can non-invasively monitor brain activity
69
What does EEG measure
70
What is an evoked potential and how is it used
71
What is computed tomography
72
What is positron emission tomography
73
what is vasodilation
74
Which non-invasive techniques have better temporal precisions
75
What is the difference between MRI and fMRI
76
What does a stereotaxic device allow one to do
77
What are different methods for producing brain lesions
78
Why would you want to stimulate a brain region
79
What is unit recording
80
What is a knockout mouse and why would you use one
81
What are arguments for and against animal use
82
What is the IACUC and what are its functions
83
What is our definition of a psychoactive drug
84
How do drugs get to their sites of action
85
Which routes of drug administration are the fastest
86
Why do some antihistamines not make you as drowsy as others?
BBB
87
Why is heroin so much more potent than morphine
88
What is acetaldehyde
89
How does the drug Antabuse work to treat alcoholism
it makes you sick when you drink alcohol
90
Name 4 amino acid neurotransmitters
91
What two nuclei contain dopamine cell bodies
92
Where does norepinephrine come from
93
Where does serotonin come from
94
What neurotransmitter primarily mediates excitation in the nervous system
95
What neurotransmitter is generally released by cortical projection neurons
96
What neurotransmitter primarily mediates inhibition in the nervous system
97
What neurotransmitter is generally released by interneurons
98
What is a receptor agonist? Antagonist
99
What are some ways drugs can modulate synaptic function
100
What is a dose-response curve
101
What is drug tolerance
102
What is metabolic tolerance
103
What is meant by cross-tolerance
104
What is sensitization
105
What is drug withdrawal
106
What are some effects of opiates, and how do they differ from the effects of opiate
withdrawal
107
Why is alcohol withdrawal associated with over-excitation in the brain
108
What evidence suggests that tolerance can be conditioned
109
What are the three stages of Predatory Imminence in Dr. Fanselow’s model
pre-encounter, post-encounter, circa strike
