Final Exam

Question 1

What is the dominant theme in John Locke’s works on government?

Answer 1

Improvement in the human condition is both possible and desirable

Question 2

How did Locke portray the natural position of the human person?

Answer 2

We are weak and in poverty without social and government restraints

Question 3

How did Locke say individual liberty and well-being are advanced?

Answer 3

Privatization of property

Question 4

How did Adam Smith describe the human condition and inclination?

Answer 4

People are inclined to barter and exchange and improve conditions by increasing wealth and gov planning doesn’t help as much as individual advancement

Question 5

Why didn’t Adam Smith equate self-interest with greed?

Answer 5

it is a preference not the same as wealth accumulation

Question 6

What are some examples of growth under free enterprise?

Answer 6

• businesses, employment, innovation

Question 7

How did the Declaration of Independence accuse the king of infringing on free trade?

Answer 7

By cutting off commercial trade with foreign nations

Question 8

Who said the first object of government is the protection of “the diverse faculties of men”?

Answer 8

James Madison

Question 9

In what work did James Madison describe the necessity of property rights?

Answer 9

“On Property”

Question 10

According to James Madison, what poses a great danger to property?

Answer 10

Taxation

Question 11

What impact did the Civil War have on federalism?

Answer 11

It expanded national power

Question 12

At the time of the Civil War and Reconstruction, what political philosophy was gaining momentum
on the world stage?

Answer 12

Marxism

Question 13

What is Socialism?

Answer 13

A term that broadly refers to government ownership of industries and collective, rather than ownership of property

Question 14

How does Marxism perceive the history of the world?

Answer 14

History of class struggle/conflict

Question 15

How does Marxism recognize individual rights?

Answer 15

It doesn’t

Question 16

According to FDR, what had the limited government of the Founders created?

Answer 16

A tyranny of the wealthy

Question 17

What was FDR’s Economic Bill of Rights?

Answer 17

A proposal for entitlement programs for basic necessities

Question 18

Who is pictured in this image?

Answer 18

FDR

Question 19

What did the Agricultural Adjustment Act do?

Answer 19

Put limitations on crop production

Question 20

What did the National Industrial Recovery Act do?

Answer 20

Set fair standards of labor through competition

Question 21

What is NOT an essential part of the government?

Answer 21

Welfare programs-It is not essential if it is not an essential branch of government, court system, national defense etc.

Question 22

What are consumption taxes?

Answer 22

Taxes placed on Luxury items-sales tax

Question 23

What is a progressive tax?

Answer 23

Percentage of tax increases as item does

Question 24

Why did Alexander Hamilton prefer consumption taxation?

Answer 24

It is an elective tax, and consistent with freedom, provides natural limitation

Question 25

What are the main elements for stable, economic growth?

Answer 25

Freedom, Low taxation, property rights

Question 26

What are entitlements?

Answer 26

Government benefits

Question 27

According to LBJ, how does the government help people self-actualize?

Answer 27

By providing for your actual needs and basic necessities

Question 28

What were LBJ’s “panels of experts”?

Answer 28

Government bureaucrats who study problems and present solutions

Question 29

What did the 24th Amendment do?

Answer 29

Outlawed poll taxes

Question 30

What law banned literacy tests?

Answer 30

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Question 31

What is the Gross World Product?

Answer 31

Total sum of the world’s economy

Question 32

What made the industrial age possible?

Answer 32

Fossil Fuels

Question 33

What is included in “fossil fuels”?

Answer 33

Petroleum, natural gas, coal

Question 34

Oil increased the importance of what world region?

Answer 34

The Middle East

Question 35

Who was president of the United States when Iran held an American embassy hostage?

Answer 35

Jimmy Carter

Question 36

What are the war powers enjoyed by Congress?

Answer 36

Power to control the budget, raise an army, grant letters of mark and reprisal, declare war and support the Navy-They cannot wage war or negotiate treaties

Question 37

What is conscription?

Answer 37

The draft

Question 38

As Commander in Chief, the president is in charge of...

Answer 38

Conducting/fighting war

Question 39

In which Federalist Paper did Alexander Hamilton argue the necessity of an energetic executive?

Answer 39

Federalist #70

Question 40

What are the benefits of a single commander in chief?

Answer 40

Accountability and expediency (they can act quickly)

Question 41

Who stated: “Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety.”

Answer 41

Benjamin Franklin

Question 42

What did the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 do?

Answer 42

It made it illegal to criticize the government

Question 43

The United States was in a “quasi-war” with what nation when the Alien and Sedition Acts were passed?

Answer 43

France

Question 44

What did Alexander Hamilton argue about secession?

Answer 44

It was a right of states, stated in Federalist Papers

Question 45

What did Abraham Lincoln do to prevent Maryland from seceding from the Union?

Answer 45

He arrested Maryland legislature, suspended Habeas Corpus, and ignored order to charge seditionists

Question 46

Why did France expect Americans to support their war efforts against Great Britain?

Answer 46

America’s treaty with them and France supported them in the Revolutionary War

Question 47

What did the Treaty of Alliance (1778) do?

Answer 47

It established the treaty to help formed during the American Revolution between France and the U.S.

Question 48

What ultimately caused George Washington to issue the Proclamation of Neutrality?

Answer 48

Genet overstepped his role as ambassador to France and angered Washington

Question 49

Why was Thomas Jefferson outraged by the Proclamation of Neutrality?

Answer 49

Washington did not get Congress’ consent

Question 50

When did Americans turn against the French Revolution?

Answer 50

When the French punished American ships for lack of support