Final Exam

Question 1

contains a H-bond donor

Answer 1

Protic Solvent

Question 2

does not contain a H-bond donor

Answer 2

Aprotic Solvent

Question 3

two groups are on the same side of a double bond

Answer 3

Cis

Question 4

two groups are on opposite sides of a double bond

Answer 4

Trans

Question 5

molecules that have the same molecular formula but are different in some way

Answer 5

Isomers

Question 6

isomers that differ by rotations about single bonds

Answer 6

Conformers

Question 7

isomers that have different connectivites

Answer 7

Constitutional Isomers

Question 8

the energy increase that appears in an eclipsed conformation

Answer 8

Torsional Strain

Question 9

a molecule that has an IHD of 0 and therefore has the most possible hydrogen atoms given the non-hydrogen atoms it contains

Answer 9

Saturated Molecule

Question 10

a molecule with pi bonds or rings

Answer 10

Unsaturated Molecule

Question 11

isomers that have the same connectivity but are not superimposable

Answer 11

Configurational Isomers

Question 12

isomers that have the same connectivity but are not superimposable

Answer 12

Configurational Isomers

Question 13

configurational isomers that are mirror images of each other

Answer 13

Enantiomers

Question 14

configurational isomers that are not mirror images of each other

Answer 14

Diastereomers

Question 15

has an enantiomer

Answer 15

Chiral

Question 16

does not have an enantiomer

Answer 16

Achiral

Question 17

has 1 stereocenter

Answer 17

Chiral

Question 18

has 2+ stereocenters

Answer 18

(could be) Chiral

Question 19

has no stereocenters

Answer 19

(usually) Achiral

Question 20

has no planes of symmetry

Answer 20

Chiral

Question 21

has at least one plane of symmetry

Answer 21

Achiral

Question 22

molecule that has at least two chiral centers and contains a plane of symmetry

Answer 22

Meso

Question 23

clockwise

Answer 23

R

Question 24

counterclockwise

Answer 24

S

Question 25

higher priority substituents attached to each end of the double bond appear on the same side of the double bond

Answer 25

Z

Question 26

higher priority substituents attached to each end of the double bond appear on the opposite side of the double bond

Answer 26

E

Question 27

a reaction at equilibrium shifts toward products when the concentration of a reactant is increased or the concentration of a product is decreased; a reaction at equilibrium shifts towards reactants when the concentration of a reactant is decreased or the concentration of a product is increased

Answer 27

Le Chatelier's principle

Question 28

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

Answer 28

pH = pKa + log ([A-]/[HA])

Question 29

Spectator Ions

Answer 29

K+, Na+, Li+

Question 30

electron-rich

Answer 30

Nucleophile

Question 31

electron-poor

Answer 31

Electrophile

Question 32

when the H atom and the leaving group that are eliminated are anti to each other about the C-C bond involved in the reaction; makes E2 reaction stereospecific

Answer 32

Anticoplanar

Question 33

the transition state for a reaction resembles reactants more than products if Gibbs free energy is negative, and it resembles products more than reactants if Gibbs free energy is positive

Answer 33

Hammond postulate

Question 34

HCl

Answer 34

strong acid

Question 35

HNO3

Answer 35

strong acid

Question 36

HBr

Answer 36

strong acid

Question 37

H2SO4

Answer 37

strong acid

Question 38

HI

Answer 38

strong acid

Question 39

HClO4

Answer 39

strong acid

Question 40

HClO3

Answer 40

strong acid

Question 41

LiOH

Answer 41

strong base

Question 42

NaOH

Answer 42

strong base

Question 43

KOH

Answer 43

strong base

Question 44

Ca(OH)2

Answer 44

strong base

Question 45

Ba(OH)2

Answer 45

strong base

Question 46

Sr(OH)2

Answer 46

strong base