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Nuclear medicine > Final exam > Flashcards

Final exam Flashcards

1
Q

PET

A

positron emission tomography

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2
Q

SPECT

A

single photon emission computed tomography

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3
Q

radioactivity is detected by

A

gamma camera

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4
Q

radiopharmaceuticals

A

Technetium 99m

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5
Q

who is the father of radiochemistry and nuclear medicine

A

györgy von hevesy

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6
Q

who invented the cyclotron

A

Ernest orlando lawrence

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7
Q

who invented gamma camera

A

hal oscar anger

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8
Q

scintillation crystals for PET scanners are made of

A

sodium iodine

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9
Q

localisation of a radionuclide in certain organs depends on it

A

chemical form

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10
Q

radioiodine therapy

A
  • cats with hypyerthyroidism
  • Iodine 131
  • hospitalised for 12 days
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11
Q

nuclear medicine

A

is a branch of medicine dealing with the use of radioactive materials in diagnosis and treatment of disease

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12
Q

scintigraphy

A

able to visualise and quantitate the distribution of different materials in the living organism indicating the normal or abnormal processs of the object

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13
Q

radiopharmaceutical

A

chemical substance that contains a radionuclide within its structure and is suitable for in vivo use in the diagnosis or treatment of disease
applied IV, SC, less frequently PO

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14
Q

atom

A

composed of electrons neutrons and protons

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15
Q

nucleus

A

contains protons and neutrons

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16
Q

atomic mass

A

protons and neutrons

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17
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons

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18
Q

nuclidr

A

contains a certain number of neutrons and protons

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19
Q

isotope

A

same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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20
Q

isobars

A

differ in atomic number but have same mass number )one of two + different nuclides having the same mass

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21
Q

isotones

A

same neutrons number but different proton number

22
Q

radioactivity comes from

A

unstable radioactive isotopes undergoing nuclear decay

23
Q

radioactive decay

A

spontaneous disintegration of a nucleus into a slightly lighter nucleus

24
Q

half life

A

time required for the number of nuclides to readch had the original value

25
Q

activity

A

Bq

26
Q

absorbed dose

A

Gy

27
Q

equivalent and effective dose

A

Sv

28
Q

exposure

A

C/kg

29
Q

energy of ionising radiation

A

permissible energy unit = electron volt eV (10-35eV)

30
Q

nuclear reactor

A

isotopes are produced yt he reactor in two ways
1. separation of fission products
2. exposing the target of stable material to the neutron

31
Q

cyclotron

A

can produce different isotopes and all positron emitting isotopes are produced here

32
Q

two primary methods of detectors

A

gas filled
scintillators

33
Q

types of detectors

A

counters
spectrometers
dosimeters

34
Q

counter for gas

A

geirger-mueller counter used for determining background radiation levels and for detecting and measuring radionuclide contamination

35
Q

scintillation detector

A

produces a pulse of light –> interacts with photocathode –> produces electron –> multiplesd in photomultiplier –> results in electrical signal

36
Q

SPECT vs PET

A

SPECT= uses radionuclides which emit gamma rays
PET = uses radionuclides which emit poisotrons

36
Q

SPECT vs PET

A

SPECT= uses radionuclides which emit gamma rays
PET = uses radionuclides which emit positrons

37
Q

ALARA

A

as low as reasonably achievable

38
Q

radiation protection

A

time
distance
shielding (lead most commonly used)

39
Q

fundamental principles of protection

A

justification = any decision that alters the radiation exposure situation do more good Han harm

optimisation of protection = doses should be kept ALARA

application of dose limits = total dose shouldn’t exceed appropriate limits

40
Q

bone scintigraphy: phases

A

3

41
Q

phase 1

A

vascular phase = immediately

42
Q

phase 2

A

extracellular or soft tissue phase = 2-20 minutes after injection

43
Q

phase 3

A

bone phase, begins 2-3 hours after injection

44
Q

thyroid scintigraphy

A

target delivery dose 150Gy
administrated activity 37-222 MBq for cat/dog

45
Q

hepatic scintigraphy

A

reticuloendothelial function
hepatobiliary scintigraphy
PSS

46
Q

cardiac scintigraphy

A

74-370 MBq

47
Q

pulmonary scintigraphy

A

ventilation and perfusion methods
injected dose
- 20-150MBq dog and cats
- 655- 740 MBq horse

48
Q

adenomatous hyperplasia

A

cats 148-185 MBq IV/SV (thyroid dose 150-200Gy)

49
Q

thyroid carcinoma

A

1110-1480 MBq cat IV
thyroid dose 500Gy
dose IV 2775-4625 MBq

Nuclear medicine (1 decks)

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