Final Exam Flashcards
(30 cards)
Name some Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) Complications
Infection from contaminated catheter or contaminated solution or long term catheter
Metabolic complications: hyperglycemia due to high concentration of dextrose in solution. hyperkalemia, hypophosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, and dehydration
Name Enteral Feeding Complication
Gastrointestinal: diarrhea, cramping, pain, dumping syndrome, nausea, and vomiting
Mechanical complication: Tube misplacement or dislodgement; aspiration, clogging of tube.
What is the difference between complete and incomplete proteins?
Complete protein: from animal source and soy. All nine essential amino acids.
Incomplete protein: from plant source. insufficient number or quantity of amino acids.
Source of complete protein
yogurt, fish, chicken, shellfish, eggs, soybean tofu, cheese, milk
Source of incomplete protein
vegetables, nuts, and dried beans
Cancer patients that have altered taste can eat _________________ to enhance their intake.
Foods that are cold, tart or spicy. Foods that may help stimulate food intake in patients with taste abnormalities include those that are tart, such as lemon juice.
What recommendations would you give your patients with a weakened immune system about preventing food poisoning?
Drink only filtered water or water than has been boiled for 1 minute to minimize risk of Cryptosporidium.
Eating yogurt that contains live cultures may help prevent or minimize diarrhea. Avoiding undercooked meat, poultry, fish, or eggs helps decrease the risk of experiencing other foodborne illnesses.
What organism can trigger Guillain-Barre Syndrome? What are sources of this organism?
Guillain–Barré syndrome often occurs after infection with Campylobacter jejuni; common sources of this infection are unpasteurized milk, undercooked poultry, and contaminated water.
Patient had a recent gastrecotomy. After eating lunch the patient experiences cramps in the abdomin, nausea, fullness in the epigastric area along with weakness, and sweating. The patient is experiencing _________________________
Dumping Syndrome
Name 2 times when chewing gum may need to be avoided.
Chewing gum - can cause excessive gas if swallowing air.
Sugar-free chewing gum is usually sweetened with sorbitol or mannitol, which may exacerbate irritable bowel syndrome.
Foods that may help prevent diverticula
High fiber foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
When should high fiber foods be avoided for individuals that are diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease?
Acute episodes
Food sources for iron
Red meat and organ meat
What vitamin aids in the absorption of iron?
Vitamin C
Name the fat soluble vitamins
Vitamins A, D, E, & K
Why is it better for a patient with diabetes to take a sugar substitute rather than a natural source of sugar?
Non nutritive sugar substitutes allow for sweetness without increasing carbohydrate intake.
When should parents introduce whole milk to an infants diet?
Transition to whole milk at 12 months.
What is overnutritiion?
excessive intake of nutrients, energy or both.
What is malnutrition?
Imbalance of intake of nutrients, energy or both.
What is MODS? What causes it?
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. Inflammatory response
During starvation what happens to phosphorus levels?
They are reduced
BMI range - Normal
18.5 - 24.9
Serum albumin levels that indicate compromised immune status
2.8 - 3.5 g/dL
Prealbumin range - Normal
16 - 40 mg/dL
