Final Exam

Question 1

What are the outcome measures for standing

Answer 1

BERG balance test / Functional Reach & multidirectional reach/ mCTSIB

Question 2

What are the outcome measures for walking

Answer 2

Functional Gait Assessment / 10m walk test / Timed up and Go / 6 min walk test

Question 3

What is the purpose of 6 min walk test

Answer 3

Assess damages stance walked over 6 min as a sub maximal test of aerobic capacity

Question 4

What is the purpose of TUG?

Answer 4

Assess mobility, balance, walking ability, and fall risk in older adults

Question 5

What is the purpose of 10m walk test?

Answer 5

Assess average gait speed in preferred and maximal conditions

Question 6

What is the purpose of Functional Gait Assessment?

Answer 6

Assess postural stability during various dynamic walking tasks

Question 7

What is the purpose mCTSIB?

Answer 7

Quantify postural control under a variety of sensory conditions

Question 8

What is the purpose of Functional Reach/Multidirectional Reach?

Answer 8

Assess patients stability by measuring maximum distance an individual can reach forward, backward, and lateral while standing in a fixed position

Question 9

What is the purpose of the BBT?

Answer 9

Objectively measure static balance

Question 10

What are the 14 items in the BBT?

Answer 10

Sitting to standing / standing unsupported / sitting with back unsupported and feet supported on floor on floor or stool / standing to sitting / transfers / standing unsupported with eyes closed / standing unsupported with feet together / reaching forward with outstretched arm while standing / pick up object from floor from standing position / turning to look behind over L and R shoulder while standing / turn 360 degrees / place alternate foot on step or stool while standing unsupported / standing unsupported one foot in front / standing on one leg

Question 11

What are the three systems tested during the mCTSIB?

Answer 11

Visual / Vestibular / somatosensory

Question 12

What are the ten items tested in the FGA?

Answer 12

Gait on level surface / change in gait speed / gait with horizontal head turns / gait with vertical head turns / gait with pivot turn / step over obstacle / gait with narrow base of support / gait with eyes closed / ambulating backwards / steps

Question 13

What are the outcome measures for Sitting?

Answer 13

Function in Sitting Test and Functional Reach

Question 14

What are the outcome measures for sit to stand?

Answer 14

5x sit to stand

Question 15

What is the purpose of 5x sit to stand?

Answer 15

Measure functional lower limb muscle strength that may be useful in quantifying functional change of transitional movements

Question 16

What is the purpose of Functional Reach?

Answer 16

Assess a patient’s stability by measuring maximum distance, an individual can reach forward while standing in a fixed position

Question 17

What is the purpose of the function in sitting test?

Answer 17

Bedside evaluation of sitting balance, and it is used to evaluate sensory motor, proactive and reactive and steady state balance factors

Question 18

What are the outcome measures for step ups?

Answer 18

The step test, and the step up test

Question 19

What is the purpose of the step test?

Answer 19

Dynamic balance during an activity, requiring weight shift and movement while in single leg stance 

Question 20

What is the purpose of the step up test?

Answer 20

To assess advanced change in base of support

Question 21

What are the outcome measures for Reach grasp and manipulation?

Answer 21

Box and blocks and nine hole peg test

Question 22

What is the purpose of box and blocks?

Answer 22

To assess unilateral, gross manual, dexterity

Question 23

What is the purpose of the nine hole peg test?

Answer 23

A standardized quantitative assessment used to measure finger dexterity

Question 24

What are the muscles active in initial contact?

Answer 24

Quadriceps, dorsiflexors, and abductors

Question 25

What muscles are active during the loading response?

Answer 25

Plantar flexors, Dorsiflexors, quadriceps, hamstrings and abductors

Question 26

What are the muscles active during mid stance?

Answer 26

Plantar flexors, quadriceps, hamstrings and abductors 

Question 27

What are the muscles active in terminal stance?

Answer 27

Plantar flexors and abductors

Question 28

What are the muscles active in pre-swing?

Answer 28

Dorsiflexors and hip flexors

Question 29

What are the muscles active in initial swing?

Answer 29

Hip flexors, hamstrings, and Dorsiflexors

Question 30

What are the muscles active in mid swing?

Answer 30

Hip flexors, quadriceps, hamstrings, and dorsiflexor’s

Question 31

What are the muscles active in terminal swing?

Answer 31

Quadriceps dorsiflexor’s abductors hamstrings

Question 32

What are the hip knee and ankle range of motion for initial contact

Answer 32

Hip: 20° flexion knee: 5° flexion ankle: 0° flexion

Question 33

What are the hip knee and ankle range of motion for loading response? 

Answer 33

20° hip flexion 5° knee flexion 5° ankle, plantar flexion

Question 34

What are the hip knee and ankle range of motion for mid stance? 

Answer 34

0° hip 5° knee flexion 5° ankle dorsiflexion 

Question 35

What are the hip knee and ankle range of motion for terminal stance?

Answer 35

20° hip hyper extension 5° knee flexion 10° ankle dorsiflexion

Question 36

What are the hip knee and ankle range of motion for pre-swing? 

Answer 36

10° hip hyper extension 40° knee flexion 15° plantar flexion 

Question 37

What are the hip knee ankle range of motion for initial swing?

Answer 37

15° hip flexion 60° knee flexion 5° ankle plantar flexion 

Question 38

What are the hip knee ankle range of motion for mid swing?

Answer 38

25° hip flexion 25° knee flexion 0° ankle

Question 39

What are the hip knee and ankle range of motion for terminal swing?

Answer 39

20° hip flexion 5° knee flexion 0° ankle

Question 40

What parts of gait is hip limited flexion seen in?

Answer 40

Initial contact loading response initial swing mid swing and terminal swing

Question 41

What parts of gate is limited knee flexion seen in?

Answer 41

Loading response pre-swing and initial swing

Question 42

What phases of gait are knee hyperextension and wobble seen in?

Answer 42

All Stance phases

Question 43

What phase of gait are excess, plantar flexion, and excess dorsiflexion seen in?

Answer 43

Mid stance and terminal stance

Question 44

What phases of gate is early heel rise seen in?

Answer 44

Mid stance

Question 45

What phase of gate is no heel rise seen in

Answer 45

Terminal stance and pre-swing

Question 46

What abnormal pelvic and trunk gait patterns are seen only in the stance phase

Answer 46

Forward trunk lean Ipsilateral trunk lean Contralateral trunk lean Contralateral pelvic drop

Question 47

What phases of gait can backward trunk lean be seen in?

Answer 47

All phases of gate

Question 48

What abnormal gait patterns in the pelvis are seen in the swing phase

Answer 48

Ipsilateral pelvic drop Pelvic hike

Question 49

What are the three essential requirements for gait

Answer 49

Progression Stability Adaptation

Question 50

What muscles are active in quiet stance

Answer 50

Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior Gluteus medius TFL Iliopsoas Abdominals Erector spinae

Question 51

What are the two main constructs of postural control?

Answer 51

Orientation and stability

Question 52

What are the determinants of stability

Answer 52

Strength, joint range of motion, task and environment

Question 53

Ankle compensatory strategies occur in response to what

Answer 53

Small perturbations Firm support Distal or proximal

Question 54

Hip compensatory strategies occur in response to what

Answer 54

Large or fast perturbations On a compliant support service Or a narrow support surface Run proximal to distal

Question 55

What is the ankle response to anterior sway?

Answer 55

Gastrocnemius Hamstrings Paraspinals

Question 56

What is the ankle response to posterior sway?

Answer 56

Tibialis anterior Quadriceps Abdominals

Question 57

What is the hip response to anterior sway?

Answer 57

Abdominals Quadriceps

Question 58

What is the hip response to posterior sway?

Answer 58

Paraspinals Hamstrings

Question 59

The stepping strategy occurs in response to what

Answer 59

Large or fast perturbations Ankle or hip joint impairments

Question 60

Which direction do you step during a compensatory postural stepping strategy

Answer 60

In the direction of the perturbation

Question 61

What are the two adaptive and anticipatory postural controls

Answer 61

Feedback and feed forward

Question 62

What type of postural control is feedback?

Answer 62

Adaptive and reactive

Question 63

What type of postural control is feedforward?

Answer 63

Anticipatory and proactive

Question 64

What is the most heavily relied on and fastest acting relating to balance, postural control sensory mechanism?

Answer 64

Somatosensory, a.k.a. proprioception