Final Exam Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
According to Arendt, why does violence only remain rational for short-term objectives?
A
Its long-term consequences are uncertain
2
Q
Which quote supports the notion that violence is sometimes necessary?
A
“Violence is sometimes needed for the voice of moderation to be heard.”
3
Q
Which civil rights leader was assassinated in the summer of 1963?
A
Medgar Evers
4
Q
What is a key focus of Black Feminist Theory?
A
The role of knowledge in empowering oppressed individuals
5
Q
What does Afrocentric feminist thought emphasize?
A
The portrayal of African-American women as self-sufficient and self-defined
6
Q
Who are the contemporary advocates of negative liberty?
A
Hobbes and Mill
7
Q
What was the outcome of the Oka Crisis regarding land ownership?
A
The outcome was inconclusive
8
Q
Who were the primary negotiators for the Mohawk during the Oka Crisis?
A
Traditional Mohawk leaders
9
Q
What major shift in archiving is highlighted in the chapter by Yuk Hui?
A
From traditional libraries to digital data collection
10
Q
Which corporations are mentioned as controlling online platforms and archives?
A
Google and Meta
11
Q
Eastern Rebels
A
demand freedoms of speech and thought -westerns deem this irrelevant
12
Q
Precursor to increased violence
A
decreasing power
-resort to violence as substitute for authority
12
Q
Who uses violence
A
revolutionists and reformers
13
Q
Conor Cruise O’brien
A
violence is sometimes needed for the voice of moderation to be heard
14
Q
do the right thing
A
- nonviolence or self-defence in response to oppression
-did mookie do the right thing?
MLK: nonviolence
X: violence
15
Q
Modern progress
A
-led to increase in admin of violence
-power and diminishing of individual action
16
Q
violence in bureaucratic governance
A
more appealing violence becomes as a form of expression/resistance
-no accountability
-deprive political freedom and becomes tyranny
17
Q
Kohout
A
free citizen = citizen co-ruler
emphasize need for participatory democracy
17
Q
Risks of violence
A
-danger of means of overwhelming the ends
-result is defeat and institutionalization of violence with body politic
-irreversible action - a return to status quo is unlikely
-most probable outcome is more violence
17
Q
violence
A
instrumental by nature and rational to the extent that it effectively reaches short-term goals
18
Q
faculty to act
A
- makes humans political beings
-creativity and violence
19
Q
Gender Essentialism
A
-Angela Harris
-a monolithic woman experience without race, class, sexuality
20
Q
Intersectionality critiques
A
-focus on race
-contexts in which theory has/hasn’t been applied
-reliance on identity categories
21
Q
To preserve afrocentric community
A
A.A women who work in culture have resisted the generic ideology of domination promoted by the ruling group
22
Black feminist theory
exemplified BW's growing influence as knowledge agents
-emphasizes the role knowledge plays in empowering black women
23
Robin Morgan
global sisterhood
-problematic for universalism
23
Jeopardy Model
does not acknowledge the existence of multiple systems of oppression and how they interact and reinforce each other
24
Positive liberty
presence or control or self-mastery
-distinguish between desires/values contraining liberty
25
Negative Liberty
absence of constraints on an agents opportunities for action
26
Catharine Mackinnon
men existed in a space of domination and women occupied a space of subordination
27
"The urgency of intersectionality"
-pattern of recognition
-workforce based on race and gender
-double discrimination
28
Crenshaw
-anti-racist/feminist advocacy did not capture WOC
-structural aspects of power on BW
-oppression and structural inequality
-historically/context-specific
29
Dominance
arises from top by coercing and enslaving unwilling targets to submit to the will of powerful
30
Black Feminist thought
reframes social relations of dominance and resistance by adopting the notion that race, class, and gender are intertwined identities and systems of oppression
31
Bell hooks
-white supremacist capitalist patriarchy describes interlocking systems of oppression that define our reality
32
Republican liberty
absence of domination and realized through institutional arrangements such as democratic control and the active political participation of vigilant citizens
33
Mohanty
-neoliberalism transformed "material and ideological conditions" that impacted radical theories
-white feminism ignores transnational, colonial, and imperial histories
34
Scenario one (centrifugal process)
intersectionality in critical legal race studies, more accepted - collaborative intersectionality
35
Scenario 2 (insurgent)
skeptical of integrating methods/theories into intersectional approach
36
Structural intersectionality
analysis of power, one challenge is its emphasis on identity categories versus structures of inequality
37
Twail objectives
1. understand law in creating racial hierarchy/norms
2. construct new norms based legal structure
3. eradicate conditions of underdevelopment in the 3rd world
38
Cultural analysis by Bell hooks
aim should be the production of enlightened witnesses
-white supremacist capitalist patriarchy
39
Political intersectionality
-dual concern for resisting the systemic forces that shape life changes differently
-reshaping modes of resistance beyond current approaches
40
Truth in western social and political thought
1. positivist: absolute truths, the goal of scholarship is to provide impartial, objective scientific tools to quantify these truths
2. relativism: antithesis of positivism
41
Melissa Harris-Perry
-examines black women's political and emotional responses to pervasive negative race and gender images
-shared struggle to preserve an authentic self and secure recognition as a citizen links BW together in America
42
Trudeau (Pierre)
no place for state in bedrooms of the nation
43
Negative liberty for collectives
no external interference from other bodies (anti-colonialism)
44
Mills
argued for freedom of speech as essential for progress and attaining truth
45
Negative liberty
absence of external constraints imposed by others, allowing non-interference (freedom from)
46
Redistributive taxation (egalitarians)
taxation increases liberty for the disadvantaged
47
Positive liberty
actively exercising control over one's life and making independent choices (freedom to)
48
Liberal liberty
protection of individual's private sphere
49
1950-1960
RCMP watched those who visited
gay bars. RCMP shared this FBI's wherever subject crossed the border
50
'Purely positive' liberty
role of desires/values in defining freedom
-emphasizes autonomy and decision-making without manipulation
51
1841
Canadian criminal code imposes death penalty or life imprisonment for same sex marriage
52
'Purely negative' liberty
physical ability to act without regard to personal desires/values
-criticized for ignoring legal sanctions and coercive threats
53
constraints on liberty
physical, economic, psychological, and source-related obstacles
54
Isaiah Berlin
value non interference, maintain negative liberty
-outlined negative liberty as non-interference and positive as self-mastery
-potential abuse of positive liberty to justify authoritarian measures
55
J.S Mills & Hayek
liberty is instrumental and serves as a means to progress and happiness
56
Positive liberty for collectives
proper decision making processes like democracy
57
Liberty debate
agent's purposes and their role in defining liberty, beyond moral judgements
58
'Rights-based' liberty
focuses on property rights, criticized for circular logic lacking independent justification
59
Redistributive taxation (libertarians)
taxation as a limit on liberty
60
Bill C-23
gives same-sex couples the same social and tax benefits as straight people in common law relationships
61
Bill C33
adding sexual orientation to Canadian Human Rights Act
62
Social power impacts negative liberty
when it alters a person's desires
63
Philip Pettit
defends republicanism, differentiating between liberty as non-interference(liberty) and non-domination (republican)
-argues arbitrary power constitutes domination and limits freedom
64
1964
first gay positive organization (ASK)
65
1969
amendments to criminal code decriminalize same-sex relationships
66
Taliban case
banned entertainment, women's freedom constrained and harsh punishments
67
G.A Cohen
claims money's social power is essential for liberty, poverty, limits freedom
68
Digitization
process of making info available and accessible in a digital format
69
Personal archives
counter force to the industrialization of memories and a departure from modern concepts of archives as monuments
70
Big data
complex data sets and challenges conventional data processing tools due to size
-useful for identifying trends and market insights
71
Snowden case
-leak revealed material exposing extensive surveillance
-US targeting foreign leaders and citizens
72
Snowden case -rationale
-purpose to accumulate $
-implications for privacy/civil liberties
-balance between national security and individual rights
-ethnical legal considerations of surveillance
73
Digital transformation
process of devising new business applications that integrate all the digitized data and digitalized applications
74
What enhances public navigation, allowing faster and more effective access to desired information?
Digital Archives
75
Archivist culture
response to challenges by industrialization of archives
involves
- creating personal archive tools
-developing archiving skills
-fostering new forms of collaboration
76
"A contribution to the political economy of archives"
-archive as a socioeconomic category
-institutions maintain their status quo by naming and controlling their archives
-shift towards digital objects entities that mitigate alienation caused by machines
77
Archive (Yuk Hui)
selection and classification of accumulated documents and objects
-argues personal digitized archives are overshadowed by industrial programs, where tech companies are archivists and driven by marketing strategies
78
Citizenfour (Laura Poitras)
-encrypted emails from anon
-went to citizenfour
-extent of government surveillance
-snowden's motivations and repurcussions of his actions
79
Entities collecting data
tech companies for ads
gov for surveil and census
social media for ads
80
Positive impact of digitzation
-everyone produces/collects more data, turning almost all computers in to a small independent archive
-blurs lines between instituional and the individual
81
Digitalization
act of making processes more automated through the use of digital
82
archive
maintained by rules and practices that are normally hierarchal
83
Semantic web
extension of www aimed to make data more easily shareable and understandable
84
Yuk Hui
-digitization transformed archive to a socioeconomic category
-need to redefine digital era of archives
-evolving role of digital tech in archiving, from management to accessibility
-must be our own archivists
85
Foucault on archives
-traces of enunciations that reveal the game of rules and power dynamics
86
"The new archivist"
ignores old rules and invents a new archival technique that turns the archive from a closed site into a site of open inquiries
87
Facebook and Cambridge Analytica Scandal
-2018 data breach
-CA used facebook data without consent using personality quiz app
-data built psychological profiles to influence voter behaviour and political campaigns
88
Heidegger's concept of care
-care is a temporal structure that helps us understand our existence, goes beyond everyday care
-central to his work
-through care, technical objects are interfaces connecting humans and machines
89
Tim Burners Lee
-invented www
-foundation for modern internet
-resource description framework
90
Slavery
more related to white populations
-hatred is of terror
-scared of black progress
91
White rage
White resentment of Black advancement
92
Dorothy Counts
Black girl spat on her way to school, photographed by Martin Douglas in N.C
-Kennedy - Baldwin wanted him to escort her so if they spit on her, they spit on the nation
93
Negro future
is up to the American society's ability to find out why Blacks were othered in the first place
94
I am not your negro notes
- Baldwin tells story of America through the lives of Evers, MLK and X
- Perez called integration "broken schools"
- whites become monsters by lynching
- TV says alot about American reality
- Paul Weiss and Baldwin differed
- James said Paul was ignorant and race is necessary to focus on because it hinders and impacts everything
- story of negro is the story of america
- you need passion for change
- knowing whites gives blacks advantage bc they know them
- white as power
95
Bill Miller
-teacher who told him about the world
-she exposed him to films and books
-she is the reason Baldwin never hated white people, said white people acted the way they did for a reason that was not race
96
MLK
nonviolence means not inflicting, he picked up Malcolm's burden
97
270 years of resistance
- women protect the motherland
- Mohawks blocked highways and roads leading to their reserve
- Mohawks constantly displaces
Kanehsatake
- Wampum Belt symbolized their rights (hands: loyalty to faith, dogs: guard the land)
- impact and contact of colonialism
- 78 days
98
