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Evidence Based Practice > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Quantitative Methods

A

Based on numbers and mathematical calculations (numerical)

Seeks to minimize differences between subjects

Deductive

Large sample sizes preferred

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2
Q

Qualitative methods

A

Based on written or spoken narratives (non-numerical)

Embraces the different perspectives of each participant

Inductive

Small sample sizes

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3
Q

Characteristics of Qualitative Research

A

Systematic, subjective approach
Flexible, elastic

Describes phenomena (lived experiences) and gives them meaning

Useful in understanding human experiences (pain
caring, powerlessness)

Holistic

Intense researcher
involvement

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4
Q

Similarities in both Qualitative and Quantitative

A

Select topic

State problem or question

Justify significance of study

Design study

Identify and gain access to data sources

Select study subjects/participants

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5
Q

Rigor in Qualitative research

A

How well does the identified meanings represent the perspectives of the participants?

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6
Q

Level of Evidence

A

Level 1: Meta-analysis or Systematic Reviews of Randomized Controlled Trials/Experimental Studies

Level II: At least one well designed RCT or experimental study

Level III: Quasi-experimental (well-designed controlled trials without randomization)

Level IV: Non-experimental studies

Level V: Qualitative studies, case reports

Level VI: Opinion of respected authorities and/or reports of expert committees

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7
Q

Type of sampling where participants are selected based on their knowledge, experience, or views related to phenomena of interest

A

Purposive sampling

Network sampling

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8
Q

Researchers- Participants relationships

A

Participants are treated as colleagues rather than subjects
Researcher must have the support and confidence of participants
Researcher must be open to the perceptions of participants

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9
Q

Data Collection

A

Interviews:
Semistructured
Unstructured (Open-ended)
Questions can change as researcher gains insights
Participants encouraged to raise issues not addressed by researcher

Focus groups:
Group dynamics can facilitate data collection

Observation:
Field notes

Text

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10
Q

Which of the following is not a common data collection method in qualitative research?

A

A. Examining written text
B. Interviewing participants
C. Observing participants
D. Obtaining written surveys

D

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11
Q

When does data collection stop?

A

Purpose of the study determines the sampling plan and initial sample size

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12
Q

Final number of participants is determined by

A

Saturation and verification

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13
Q

Data management

A

analysis is done concurrently with data collection

word-for-word transcripts

computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software

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14
Q

Data analysis

A

Dwelling with the data

Coding

Identifying themes

Interpretation

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15
Q

Data for qualitative studies are?

A

A. Based on words rather than numbers.

B. Easy and straightforward to interpret.

C. Gathered quickly from large numbers of people.

D. Precisely analyzed on a computer

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16
Q

Qualitative research approaches

A

Phenomenological

Grounded Theory

Ethnography

Exploratory-Descriptive

Case Study

17
Q

Phenomenology

A

Focuses on the description and interpretation of people’s lived experiences

Descriptive Phenomenology:
Bracketing – setting aside biases and preconceptions

Interpretive Phenomenology

18
Q

Ground Theory

A

Grounded – term comes from the theory having its roots in the data

Explores underlying social processes through symbols of language, religion, relationships, and clothing

Goal is to guide the development of theoretical frameworks with relational statements between concepts

19
Q

Ethnography

A

Describes and interprets a culture and cultural behavior

Relies on extensive, labor-intensive fieldwork and a wide range of data sources
-Immersion is vital

Assumption: Cultures guide the way people structure their experiences

Seeks an emic perspective of the culture

20
Q

Exploratory-descriptive qualitative research

A

Not a single type of research but are conducted for a specific purpose that doesn’t fit into any other category

Tend to be eclectic in their design

Useful for exploring a new topic or to describe a situation

Provides information and insight

21
Q

Case study

A

Focus on an intense study of a single case or small number of cases

May be an individual, family, institution, community, or other social unit

Strength: great depth possible when a limited number is being investigated

Possible drawback: inability to generalize beyond that case

22
Q

Steps to critiquing a qualitative research study

A

Step 1: Identify the components of the qualitative research process

Step 2: Determine the study strengths and weaknesses

Step 3: Evaluate the trustworthiness and meaning of the findings

23
Q

Credibility

A

the confidence of the reader about how well the researcher’s results reflect the true views of the participants

(comparable to validity in quantitative studies)

24
Q

Which of the following is true about qualitative research?

A

A. Categories are established for analysis purposes.

B. Data are usually collected in a laboratory setting.

C. Focus is on studying the “whole”.

D. Intuition and abstraction are suppressed

25
Q

Mixed methods

A

Uses elements of both qualitative and quantitative methods

Triangulation: use of two or more theories, methods, data sources, investigators, or analysis methods in a study

26
Q

Coding

A

the process of identifying themes in accounts by attaching codes (labels) to index them

27
Q

Themes

A

themes of data in the article

28
Q

Purpose sampling

A

researchers rely on their own judgement when choosing members (on purpose) of the population to participate in their surveys.

29
Q

Network Sampling

A

members of the study recruit their peers to participate in the research.

snowball method

30
Q

Advantages to Qualitative research

A

Allows a deeper understanding of people in a situation, especially with a small sample size

Rich description of lived experiences

Depth detail about attitudes feelings, behaviors

Set aside assumptions and prejudgments

31
Q

Disadvantages to Qualitative research

A

Time consuming

Fewer people studied

Less ability to generalize

Highly dependent on the skills of the researcher

32
Q

Saturation

A

the point at which all relevant concepts have been identified.

(no new information is being generated)

Evidence Based Practice (4 decks)

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