Final Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Radical Reconstruction
A
- After emancipation, attempt to grant free people full citizenship rights
- A LOT of resistance from white southerners → KKK
- “Jim Crow” laws passed because resistance
- Reconstruction= false promise
- New south= southern labor→ northern capital
2
Q
Jim Crow
A
- Laws segregating school , transportation, employment, public & private facilities
- More white supremacy + laws that let it happen
- Contradicted “new” south
- Legalized existing customs like lynching
- Prevented Black voters from exercising their rights
3
Q
Ku Klux Klan
A
- Lynchings: 5,000 killed 1880-1950s ← BARBARIC// often legal punishment for “crimes
- Political corruption, economic exploitation, violent intimidations
- The KKK at the time were portrayed as heroic, and assisting the public good
- Popular public displays of racist ceremonies
- Increased racial tension in the south
4
Q
New South
A
- Goal of embracing industrialization and diversified agriculture→ better econ
- Better social/ society → hope of increased equality for formerly enslaved living in the south
- Hope for stability after failed confederacy
- Re-portray the south as a promising place through new successful social and econ narrative
- Reality: people suck & legalized suckiness
5
Q
Fifteenth Amendment
A
- states + nat. gov. can’t deny voter bc race
- Laws were passed such as for a literacy test to prevent Black voters from exercising their rights
- Preventing Black people was justified as an action for the public good
- fear tactics: physical & econ.
- Disenfranchisement moved conflict: ballot box –> registration
6
Q
Knights of Labor
A
- Created after the failure of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877
- Welcomed all laborers, including women, except lawyers, bankers, and liquor dealers
- Grew rapidly, reaching over seven hundred thousand members by 1886
- Idealized a producer-centered society, focusing on benefits that could be gained through unions
- Wanted a society centered on cooperation among producers, everyone joining together
7
Q
The American Federation of Labor
A
- Labor movement during the late 19th and early 20th centuries
- Emerged as a conservative alternative to the Knights of Labor
- Craft Unions composed of skilled workers, rejected the Knights’ expansive vision
- wanted avoid strikes: +$ +safety - hrs
- labor unions –> New Deal
8
Q
Scientific Management
A
- +industrializationby organizing production
- Urged manufacturers to increase efficiency by subdividing tasks
- Suggested making workers interchangeable to speed up the production process
- = Taylorism= Fredrick Taylor
9
Q
Progressive Movement
A
- populist to progressive
- everybody a feminist
10
Q
Municipal Housekeeping
A
- yay women in pol + progressive
11
Q
Gilded Age
A
- Marked by advances in efficiency and productivity in industrial capitalism esp. in North South= recovering after civil war
- Created unprecedented inequalities and low-paid, unskilled jobs with long hours
- between reconstruction and progressive era
12
Q
Crop-Lien System
A
- Crop lien and convict lease systems served as important legal tools for racial control
- New credit system led to more debt for farmers, especially African Americans
- Huge economic help used by newly freed African Americans to establish themselves
13
Q
Nineteenth Amendment
A
- Allowed women to vote, so all citizens regardless of gender can vote
- Six western states passed suffrage amendments by 1911
- President Wilson declared support in 1918, and suffrage became a reality in 1920
- Women mobilized to vote after the amendment’s ratification
14
Q
Fourteenth Amendment
A
- Segregation Violation: Segregation violated the Fourteenth Amendment
- Supreme Court Ruling: The Supreme Court ruled in the Civil Rights Cases (1883) that the Fourteenth Amendment only prevented discrimination directly by states
15
Q
Fifteenth Amendment
A
- The Fifteenth Amendment clearly prohibited states from denying any citizen the right to vote on the basis of race.
- In 1890, a Mississippi state newspaper called on politicians to devise “some legal defensible substitute for the abhorrent and evil methods on which white supremacy lies
16
Q
Laissez- Faire Economy
A
- Associated with the Second Industrial Revolution
- Flourished in an unregulated business climate
- Allowed for the growth of major trusts, such as Carnegie Steel and Standard Oil
17
Q
Hull House
A
- Founded for engaging in everyday social reform
- Provided services like running a nursery, kindergarten, and organizing social events
- Conducted surveys on poverty, disease, and living conditions in the community
- Described conditions that lead to urban poverty and industrialization as a “social crime”
18
Q
Progressive Movement
A
- populist to progressive
- everyones a feminist
19
Q
Great Migration
A
- Sparked racial conflict as whites fought to reclaim jobs and neighborhoods
- SO many Black people left the south bc racial violence, jim crow, school, $
20
Q
League of Nations
A
- Novel international organization aimed at preventing global conflict
- Promised collective security to prevent destruction and ensure political independence
- President Wilson’s efforts faced opposition, and the League faced challenges on the home front
- The treaty was a compromise that included provisions for German reparations and collective security
21
Q
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
A
- The 1911 fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in Manhattan was a tragedy
- Revealed unsafe conditions in industrial workplaces
- Activists channeled their energies toward political activism and government interference
22
Q
The Jungle
A
- In 1906, Upton Sinclair published The Jungle, a novel dramatizing the experiences of a Lithuanian immigrant family who moved to Chicago to work in the stockyards.
- Revealed brutal exploitation in the meatpacking industry
- Major impact in exposing industrialized food production conditions
- progressive reforms: public attention
23
Q
Jacob Riis
A
- Journalist who shaped popular perceptions of Gilded Age injustice
- Published a scathing indictment of living and working conditions in NYC’s slums
- Documented urban poverty with photography, influencing housing reform
