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BIO 175 > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

Ecology

A

the field of study concerned with the relationship between the environment and living organisms

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2
Q

abiotic factor

A

non living things, have never been alive (shells, water, fire)

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3
Q

biotic factors

A

living things. generally plants, vertebrates/ invertebrates, or micro organisms

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4
Q

groundwater

A

water that supplies wells for possibly drinking water

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5
Q

biosphere

A

can include surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere

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6
Q

Nitrogen

A

most important element gained from food and adds in the reformation of proteins in all organisms (one of the 3 major elements needs for a plant)

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7
Q

Phosphorus

A

the “P” in ATP (one of the 3 major elements needs for a plant)

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8
Q

Potassium

A

connected to structure (one of the 3 major elements needs for a plant)

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9
Q

gymnosperms

A

kinds of plants that produce evergreen plants

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10
Q

Charles Darwin

A

credited with discovery of evolution through the Theory of Evolution and Theory of Natural Selection (survival of the fittest) evidence derived from research about birds w different beach structures to eat diff bugs, some birds evolved to have bigger beaks to get into the trees to get the bugs

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11
Q

marine water

A

has a salt content of 3% or more, covers 97% of the Earth

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12
Q

Freshwater

A

has a salt content of 0-1%, only covers 2.5% of Earth

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13
Q

Brackish Water

A

water that has a salt content between that of freshwater and marine water

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14
Q

Wood Wide Web

A

The system through which trees communicate with each other through their root system to warn other trees of dangers or to dump all their nutrients for other trees to take if they are dying (example of altruism) Orchids try to steal the nutrients, and black walnut trees try to poison the root system

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15
Q

Kingdom Monera

A

includes true bacteria (eubacteria) and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

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16
Q

Kingdom Fungi

A

includes microorganisms like a mushroom

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17
Q

Kingdom Plantae

A

mostly autotrophic (the organisms make their own food from inorganic materials such as carbon dioxide)

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18
Q

Kindgom Animalia

A

multicellular animals without cell walls

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19
Q

Temperate deciduous forest

A

Most common ecosystem found in VA, receive an average of 40 in. of rainfall a year

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20
Q

Tundra

A

NOT in Antarctica, very northern ecosystem, many shrubs/grasses but no trees, snows almost all year, many tiny animals (rabbits) and hooved animals, layer of permafrost present

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21
Q

Terrestrial

A

land ecosystem

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22
Q

Aquatic

A

can be marine (salt water)

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23
Q

Sand

A

fastest infiltration, worst for retaining water

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24
Q

Silt

A

medium infiltration

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25
Clay
zero or least infiltration, smallest particle size
26
All of the regions in VA flow to the _________, except rain on the Appalachian Plateau flows to the _____________
Atlantic Ocean, Mississippi River
27
Grass and such in level ___ - decomposers, worms, decomposing leaves
level O
28
Roots go down in ______ and all the way down to ______ - deepest roots here
level A, level B
29
there is nothing in level ___ except soil
level C
30
level ____ is nothing no living thing and no soil just rock
level R
31
fibrous roots
spread out (Like in grass or weed in yard) has an advantage because it has a wider root system to get water, more common in sandy soil
32
tap root system
is less spread out (like the part of the carrot plant you eat), this is in clay primarily
33
Animal Relationships
Familial, Possible mates, Predators, Competition, Possible prey
34
Niche
the role an animal plays in its habitat
35
Fecundity
the total number of offspring an animal will have in its lifetime, its reproductive capacity
36
considered more important in population studies
female
37
Semelparity
an animal has one reproductive event in its life
38
Iteroparity
animal can have multiple reproductive events
39
Succession
the change that occurs to an ecosystem
40
Pioneer Species
the first species that inhabits an ecosystem
41
Secondary succession
An ecosystem moves from primary succession by pioneer species to eventually _____________
42
climax community
Final stage of succession is a ___________
43
Interspecific competition
competition between two animals that are not the same species
44
Intraspecific competition
competition between two individual animals that are both of the same species
45
Omnivore
eats both plants and animals
46
Habitat
place where an animal lives
47
Carrying Capacity
determines how many species can survive in a space
48
Quadrat sampling
best method for estimating the number of ants in a 100 acre forest
49
Random population distribution
best to avoid competition and fighting amongst the same species
50
Crepuscular
deer that are most active in the early morning or at dusk
51
Limit of Growth
book that explains that the increase in human population is growing exponentially higher than the rate at which the number of resources on earth are increasing. Book predicts the problems will come to a head between 2000 and 2100
52
Population
how many there are of one species in a specific area. EX. population of turtles in the lake
53
Altruism
when a living organism does something for another organism for little to no benefit to itself
54
Batesian mimicry
a harmless species mimics the markings and colors of a harmful species EX. the kings snake is not poisonous but the eastern coral snake is and the kings snake looks like the coral snake
55
Mullerian Mimicry
multiple species share the same coloration but all of them actually have defenses. Both of the species are dangerous. EX. Several unpleasant-tasting Heliconius butterfly species share a similar color pattern, and they all are disgusting to eat
56
Reasons animals communicate
1) Warn other animals of danger EX. a white tail deer will put its tail up in the air and start running to warn other deer 2) To find a mate EX. a wild turkey puffing up its feathers to attract female wild turkeys 3) Mark a territory EX. dogs, wolves, coyotes urinating on something 4) Socialization EX. a wolf howling and then an entire group howling
57
Producers
Bottom of biomass pyramid (grass, trees)
58
Primary Consumers
skunks, mice, deer
59
Secondary Consumers
fox, snakes
60
Tertiary Consumers
top of the biomass pyramid wolves, hawks
61
edge effect
when people affect the environment in order to create something (tennis courts at RMC) - changes in population or community structures that occur at the boundary of two or more habitats. Areas with small habitat fragments exhibit especially pronounced edge effects that may extend throughout the range. As the edge effects increase, the boundary habitat allows for greater biodiversity.
62
benefits of wetlands
1) Birthplace of many aquatic species 2) Reduce negative impact of flooding 3) Provide recharge of water to groundwater 4) When water collects the bacteria in them breaks down pollutants
63
4 Events that might cause a community to change
1) A natural disaster 2) An invasive species 3) Human involvement 4) Increase in predators
64
Type 1 survivorship curve
most of the young survive (humans)
65
Type 2 survivorship curve
constantly going down (some of the babies don’t survive) (birds)
66
Type 3 survivorship curve
trees
67
Monoculture
the cultivation of a single crop in a given area
68
Anthropocene Era
the era when human activity has been the dominant influence on climate, the environment, and ecology (Over harvesting, invasive species, climate change)
69
Preservation
protected activity in a stronger manner, limiting human use, maintaining a resource in a pristine condition
70
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
create the Red List: a science world accepted list of the health of biodiversity mentioning and monitoring if a species is threatened or endangered
71
VA has one of the largest concentrations of this amphibian in the US out of all the states
salamander
72
Zoonotic Diseases
carried by animals and can be spread to humans
73
The world health organization estimates that ____ of all human diseases on the planet are zoonotic in origin
61%
74
One health
a new concept that recognizes that the health of people is closely connected to the health of animals
75
How are zoonotic diseases spread
Direct contact with the animal, Indirect contact where animals live, Vector-borne from a bite, Food and water transmission
76
what is the #1 illegally traded species according to the VA department of wildlife resources
box turtles
77
illegally traded animals
bald eagles, ducks, box turtles
78
primary cause for climate change
greenhouse gasses
79
In 2022, it was estimated that when all of the Greenland ice melts the Atlantic Ocean will be raised _____ inches
10 inches
80
United states fish and wildlife service
they have police officers, you can go to jail if they catch you doing something illegal - the most involved in ecology and wildlife protection
81
United states corps of engineers
protect the wetlands, if you violate the wetlands they are the ones that take you to court
82
Environmental Protection Agency
also help w protecting wetlands
83
National Park Services
Have park rangers and ensure that people are taking care of the national park
84
U.S. Forest Services
patrol the large forests but generally are not cops

BIO 175 (3 decks)

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