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Counseling Theories > Final Exam! > Flashcards

Final Exam! Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

A

-Albert Ellis

-Main point: People contribute to their own psychological problems

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2
Q

REBT ABCD framework

A

Activating event
Belief about event
Consequence
Disputing irrational beliefs

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3
Q

REBT psychopathology

A

We learn irrational beliefs from others in childhood and re-create these

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4
Q

REBT goals

A

ACCEPTANCE! Other-acceptance, self-acceptance, life-acceptance

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5
Q

REBT role of therapist

A

Therapist confronts and challenges irrational beliefs

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6
Q

REBT techniques

A

-Humor
-Role play
-Shame-attacking

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7
Q

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A

-Aaron Beck

-Main point: Focus on person’s thought patterns (schema) and change cognitive distortions

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8
Q

CBT psychopathology

A

Exaggeration of normal adaptive processes (cognitive distortions)

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9
Q

CBT goals

A

To change cognitive distortions and unhealthy thought patterns

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10
Q

CBT role of therapist

A

Help clients identify thoughts & behaviors and work to change those

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11
Q

CBT techniques

A

-Keeping thought records
-Identifying automatic thoughts
-Creating action plan to solve problems
-Stress Inoculation Training (SIT)
-Conceptualization
-Skills acquisition & rehearsal
-Application & follow-through
-Vigorous and forceful disputing (clients offer forceful & rational counterattack against irrational beliefs)
-Shame attacking (clients intentionally act in socially inappropriate settings)
-Graduated thinking/Thinking in shades of gray (taking automatic thoughts and putting them on scale)
-Preparation, coping, reinforcing self-statements

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12
Q

Choice Theory/Reality Therapy (CT/RT)

A

-William Glasser

-Choice theory: behaviors occur to satisfy five internal basic human needs
-Reality therapy: present-focused, directive approach to help clients identify & satisfy needs better

-5 needs: survival, love/belonging, power, freedom, fun

-Client CHOOSES to depress

-Total behavior (acting, thinking, feeling, physiology)

-Quality world: memories & info we have stored about what feels good

-Picture album: our inner sense of own desires

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13
Q

CT/RT goals

A

To help clients find better ways to fulfill human needs

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14
Q

CT/RT role of therapist

A

-Mentor/teacher
-Challenges clients about their power & choices
-Bringing things into the here-and-now
-Supportive environment w/ established therapeutic relationship & gentle confrontation

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15
Q

CT/RT techniques

A

(no specific techniques)

-Identify choices
-Stay in the present
-Avoid focusing on symptoms

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16
Q

CT/RT Wubbolding’s WDEP

A

Wants
Doing
Evaluation
Planning

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17
Q

CT/RT psychopathology

A

-No such thing as mental illness
-Unhappy relationships
-Behavior happens to
-restrain anger
-get help
-avoid things

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18
Q

Feminist Therapy

A

-(no main developer) Jean Miller, Raissa Adler, Karen Horney
-Integrates feminist, multicultural, and social justice concepts into other therapy approaches
-Little to no assessment or diagnosis

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19
Q

Feminist Therapy psychopathology

A

Behaviors are a result from client’s position in social hierarchy

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20
Q

Feminist Therapy goals

A

-Helping clients see patterns and social forces that diminish their sense of power and control
-Encouraging clients to reclaim power, authority, and direction in their lives
-Allowing clients to experience this shared power in therapy relationship
-Honoring & facilitating female ways of being or feminist consciousness

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21
Q

Feminist Therapy role of therapist

A

-Therapeutic relationship is crucial
-Identify internalized messages of oppression
-Focus on mutuality, mutual empathy, self-disclosure
-Providing open & safe space for discussing relationships, sexuality, and intimacy

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22
Q

Feminist Therapy techniques

A

-Empowerment
-Self-Disclosure
-Mutual Empathy
-Mutuality
-Power Analysis

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23
Q

Feminist Therapy principles

A

-Sex & gender powerfully affect identity
-Deviance comes from dysfunctional culture
-Consciousness-raising is part of healing and change

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24
Q

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)

A

-Steve de Shazer & Insoo Kim Berg

-Developed from constructivist theory
-Future-focused, goal-oriented, emphasizing strengths
-Focus not on problems but solutions
-Change is constant & inevitable
-Belief is that change already happens before first session

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25
SFBT psychopathology
-No diagnosis -Anxiety and depression symptoms are because of client’s personal life narrative and social context
26
SFBT goals
-Emphasizing client's strengths -Taking focus off problems and focusing on solutions -Making small, realistic, measurable changes
27
SFBT role of therapist
-Therapist supports client but is not expert over client -Therapist meets client where they're at by using client's own language & framework
28
SFBT techniques
-Exception Question: when is the problem not present? -Miracle Question: "if a miracle happened and problem was solved overnight, how would you know it was solved?" -Scaling Question: scale of 0 to 10, rate feelings/symptoms
29
Narrative Therapy
-Michael White & David Epston -Developed from constructivist theory -Focus is on client's story (narrative) -Stories are central to how client continues to live life
30
Narrative Therapy psychopathology
-No diagnosis -Anxiety and depression symptoms are because of client’s personal life narrative and social context
31
Narrative Therapy goals/role of therapist
Collaborative approach
32
Narrative Therapy techniques
-Unique Outcomes/Sparkling Moments: when there is progress or problem was not as significant/present -Externalizing Conversations: help clients push their problems outside themselves -Asking questions and more questions -Letter Writing -Alternative Stories: constructing new narratives after old ones have been deconstructed
33
Family Systems
-Bowen, Satir, Minuchin, Haley
34
Family Systems psychopathology
The problem is with the family system
35
Family Systems goals/role of therapist
-Therapist serves as investigator & coach (Bowenian family therapy) -Therapist takes directive role (structural family therapy) -Therapist uses expertise and power to direct families toward change (strategic family therapy) -The family unit is the client, no specific person should be the main focus
36
Family Systems techniques
-Joining: therapist enters family system -Creating Genogram -Sharing Meaning: constructing family narrative & shared goals/values -Making Changes: therapist collaborates w/ family to help them make own plan for change
37
Family Systems -- Bowenian Approach
-Murray Bowen -Triangulation: Dyad pulls in third party (ex: couple pulls kid and blames kid) -Differentiation: self-regulate & manage or balance relational challenge of togetherness & independence -Focus on family unit
38
Family Systems -- Structural Approach
-Salvador Minuchin -Focuses on boundaries, family roles, accommodating, unbalancing -Present-focused
39
Family Systems -- Strategic Approach
-Jay Haley & Chloe Madanes -Focuses on paradoxical interventions & enactments
40
Multicultural Therapy
-Lillian Comas-Diaz & Derald Wing Sue -Focuses on multiculturalism and diversity
41
Multicultural Therapy psychopathology
Social forces are the problem
42
Multicultural Therapy goals/role of therapist
-Know and practice multicultural competencies -Be gentle & careful with assessment & diagnosis processes
43
Multicultural Therapy techniques
No specific techniques... just use ones from other therapies
44
Multicultural Therapy principles
-Cultural membership is linked to disadvantage and privilege -We make distinctions between groups of people based on race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, ethnicity, physical and mental disabilities, and socioeconomic status -A multiculturalist stance can foster greater understanding between cultural groups and facilitate equitable treatment of all humans
45
Five Types of Psychotherapy Integration
-Ideological Purity: focus on one therapy model -Theoretical Integration: combining 2 or more theories -Common Factors: overlapping common elements of different theories -Technical Eclecticism: best treatment/techniques for specific person w/ specific problem -Assimilative Integration: allegiance to one primary theory and blending techniques from other theories
46
EMDR
-Third Wave -Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing -Moving eyes back and forth to bring back traumatic memories and the ability to cope with them -8 phases
47
Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT)
-Third Wave -Mixture of person-centered roots and Gestalt’s empty chair technique -Emotions are central to identity and growth -“I feel, therefore I am”
48
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
-Third Wave -Blends CBT and Eastern meditation practices with elements of psychodynamic, person-centered, Gestalt, strategic, and paradoxical approaches -Goal is to enhance skills, improve motivation, and integrate therapeutic skills to real life
49
Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT)
-Third Wave -Combination of committed action with person-centered idea of acceptance -Stay focused on present moment and accept thoughts and feelings without judgment
50
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)
-Third Wave -Combination of mindful acceptance and psychoeducation -8 sessions -Each session takes a certain theme -Typically in group format
51
SHORT ANSWER: Choose two techniques from Beck’s Cognitive Therapy that you might want to use. Explain each and describe how and when you would use these techniques.
-Graduated Thinking (thoughts on scale) -Preparation Self-Statements (prepare for scary situations) [ex: failing exam]
52
SHORT ANSWER: What empirical research gives evidence of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral approaches? What are the limitations of the research?
-Tested & successful with range of disorders -Better than antidepressants & other meds -Immediate results & not long-term -Research allegiance
53
SHORT ANSWER: Compare and contrast the biblical view of human nature with that of the cognitive-behavioral perspective.
-Emphasize self-awareness and changing worldviews -CBT humans are irrational, Bible humans are sinful -CBT human motivation is to have control, Bible human motivation is for relationships with God and others
54
SHORT ANSWER: What are the strengths and weaknesses of Choice Theory?
-Practiced in different countries & w/ different cultures -Therapeutic relationship -Very little research -Doesn't believe in mental illness
55
SHORT ANSWER: What are some advantages of family therapy from a diversity perspective? Limitations?
-Culturally sensitive b/c focuses on many areas of life, including outside family unit -Historically blamed women and mothers for familial problems and have not considered non-heterosexual family dynamics
56
SHORT ANSWER: What are some common themes that feminist therapists explore?
-Both sex & gender play part in experiences -Client's problem is b/c of social factors -Recognition & exploration of cultural oppression
57
SHORT ANSWER: Compare and contrast narrative therapy and existential therapy.
-Focus on client and their lives -Emphasize self-awareness and therapeutic relationships -Narrative focuses on past since stories are in the past and existential focuses on present -Psychopathology narrative bc of client's narrative & existential bc client lacks self-awareness
58
SHORT ANSWER: How can feminism be a positive influence on the Church? What are some of the ways feminism does not blend with a Christian worldview?
-Jesus advocated for marginalized & oppressed like theory -FT gives a voice & voices bring ppl to Christ -Women in leadership
59
SHORT ANSWER: What is social constructionism and how is it relevant to counseling?
-Humans interacting in real world & results from interaction -Relates to counseling bc it's humans interacting -Helps counselee interact healthily in society
60
SHORT ANSWER: What are the goals of narrative therapy? How might you use it with a Christian client struggling with depression?
-Deconstruct & reconstruct client's narrative using collaboration -Client's problem is separate from client -Depression is separate from client, not result from sin
61
SHORT ANSWER: Describe two theories that you are most likely to use in your counseling practice. Why do these theories appeal to you?
-CBT and SFBT -SFBT is strengths and solutions -CBT works on thoughts & behaviors w/ interactive hw activities
62
SHORT ANSWER: What are some of the problems with blending various psychological theories and approaches into one “eclecticism?”
-Theories have diff views on assessment, psychopathology, and human nature -Some approaches require expertise and should be empirically supported, and a lot are not -Allows therapists to do whatever which can put client at risk if not careful
63
SHORT ANSWER: What are two “third wave” or technological counseling approaches that excite you? Describe them and discuss why you think they show promise for improving the field of counseling.
-EMDR AND EFT -EMDR improves trauma symptoms and allows client to think about event without the wave of trauma symptoms -EFT combines two fave things PCT and empty chair and client is expert and can understand emotions on their own

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