final exam Flashcards
(38 cards)
define prefect
a government official who is appointed to represent the federal government at a local level within a specific district
in what country(s) is the role of a prefect present?
France and Japan
what are the roles of a prefect?
- administration –> implementation of laws and policies
- law enforcement + public safety –> supervise law enforcement
- representing the central government –> act as the representative of the national government at a local level
- emergency response –> manage responses to emergency situations
- local governance –> collaborate with local officials to ensure cooperation between local and national authorities
- issuing administrative acts –> authorized to issue administrative acts (permits)
how are prefects appointed in France?
the prefect is appointed by the national government – the President appoints a prefect upon the proposal of the Council of Ministers (headed by the Prime Minister)
how long of a term does a prefect serve in France?
prefects do not serve fixed terms, they can be reassigned or replaced by the central government at any time
how many prefects are there in France?
101
define dirigisme
an economic policy approach that emphasizes government intervention and regulation of the economy
where is dirigisme used?
France and Japan
what are the key characteristics of dirigisme?
- significant state intervention
- centralized planning, the government takes the lead in setting priorities and allocating resources
- the state implements policies to promote specific industries
- subsidies, tariffs and state-owned entreprises are used to control and direct economic activities
what is the purpose of dirigisme?
- stimulate and stabilize the economy
- create employment opportunities
- prevent monopolies
- redistribute wealth and support welfare programs
- in times of economic crisis, dirigisme is used to stabilize the markets
what is the historical significance of dirigisme?
post WWll, several countries adopted dirigiste policies to rebuild and modernize their economies
define cohabitation
refers to a situation in which different political parties control different branches of government
in what type of government system is cohabitation most common?
in a presidential or semi-presidential system
what are the challenges of cohabitation?
the parties may have conflicting priorities which can make it difficult to pass or implement legislation
define neo-corporatism
an approach to socio-economic governance that promotes collaboration between the government, business associations and labor unions to foster negotiation and implement policies
economic tripartism
what is economic tripartism?
- a defining characteristic of neo-corporatism
- involves 3 main actors (the government, employers associations and labour unions) collaborating to negotiate
what countries use neo-corporatism?
Germany and Sweden
what is the purpose of neo-corporatism?
to emphasize the importance of negotiation, dialogue and consensus building
what is the historical significance of neo-corporatism?
emerged post-WWll, seeking to promote socio-economic dialogue and cooperation in an increasingly democratic context
define co-determination
a corporate governance system in which employees of a corporation can vote for representatives on its board of directors
what countries use co-determination?
Germany and Sweden
what is the historical context of co-determination?
post-WWll, there was a demand for social and economic reconstruction, leading to the establishment of formal co-determination policies
what is the importance of co-determination?
allows for employee representation
define cumul des mandates
the practice in which elected officials serve in more than one government position simultaneously
