Final Exam Flashcards
What are the three different forms of justice?
Retributive, distributive, restorative
What is retributive justice?
eye for an eye
What is restorative justice?
see in someone the capacity of change
What is distributive justice?
not fair of poor vs. rich
What are the reasons for the mandate of the Truth and Reconciliation Commissions?
to help deal with what happened under apartheid.
Describe why Tutu argues “there is no future without forgiveness.”
Warring groups remain stuck in endless cycles of “reprisal and counter-reprisal.”
What is source criticism?
focuses on the study of the different components of a biblical text
What is redaction criticism?
Method that attempts to “investigate” Scriptures to make judgments about their authorship, historical trustworthiness, and date of writing.
What is text criticism?
thinking critically about manuscripts and variations in the biblical texts found in those manuscripts, in order to identify the original reading of the Bible.
What is form criticism?
a method of biblical criticism that seeks to classify units of scripture into literary patterns
What is a canon?
from the rule of law that was used to determine if a book measured up to a standard.
What is parallelism?
the words of two or more lines of text are directly related in some way.
What are the five guidelines offered by David Rhoads for reading the Bible?
- Be open to hearing something new
- Bring your own life experiences into account
- approach the bible with expectancy
- keep in mind the tradition of the Church
- paying careful attention
Who was Muhammed?
the founder of Islam and the proclaimer of the Qurʾān, Islam’s sacred scripture.
When and where did Muhammed live?
He spent his entire life in what is now the country of Saudi Arabia, from his birth about 570 CE in Mecca to his death in 632 in Medina.
What is Muhammed’s significance in Islam?
he was chosen recipient and messenger of the word of God through the divine revelations
explain when and where Islam developed
the creation of Islam to the 7th century, slam started in Mecca, in modern-day Saudi Arabia, during the time of the prophet Muhammad.
Where does the largest number of Muslims live in the world today?
Indonesia
name and describe the Five Pillars of Islam
the declaration of faith (shahada), prayer (salah), alms-giving (zakat), fasting (sawm) and pilgrimage (hajj)
identify the voice speaking in the Qur’an and the emphasis on the mercy of Allah
Muslims believe that the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final prophet, Muhammad, through the archangel Gabriel.
God Almighty treats people with leniency and overlooks their shortcomings to an unlimited extent.
What is the hadith
a report attributed to the Prophet Muhammad, describing his words and actions and representing the chief source for knowing his authoritative precedent
Ummah
community, nation
Shirk
act of associating partners with Allah or attributing divine qualities to someone or something.
Ka`ba
cube shaped building in the middle of the city of Mecca
