Final Exam Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
Rhomboids Major and Minor - Origin, insertion, and actions
A
Origin: C7-T1 (minor) T2-T5 (Major)
Insertion: Medial border of scapula from the base of the spine to inferior angle
Actions: Elevation, retraction, and downward rotation
2
Q
Levator Scapulae - Origin, insertion, and actions
A
Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertion: Medial Border of scapula from base of spine to superior angle
Actions: Elevation and downward rotation
3
Q
Trapezius - Origin, insertion, and actions
A
Origin: External occipital protuberance (upper), dorsal spines of C7-T4 (mid), dorsal spines of T4-T12 (lower)
Insertion: Dorsal lateral 1/3 of clavicle (upper), Acromion process & spine of scapula (mid), spine of scapula (lower)
Actions:
- elevation and upward rotation (upper)
- adduction, elevation, upward rotation (mid)
- adduction, depression, upward rotation (lower)
4
Q
Serratus Anterior - Origin, insertion, and actions
A
Origin: outer surface of the upper 9 ribs
Insertion: anterior surface of medial border
Actions: protraction and upward rotation
5
Q
Pectoralis Minor - Origin, insertion, and actions
A
Origin: outer surface of ribs 1-3
Insertion: Coracoid process
Actions: depression, abduction, downward rotation
6
Q
Subclavius - Origin, insertion, and actions
A
Origin: Superior aspect of first rib at its junction with costal cartilage
Insertion: Inferior groove in the mid-portion of the clavicle
Actions: depression - also can stabilize SC Joint
7
Q
Which muscles cause elevation of the scapula?
A
Levator scapulae, Trapezius (upper and mid), Rhomboids
8
Q
Which muscles cause depression of the scapula?
A
Lower trapezius, pectoralis minor, subclavius
9
Q
Which muscles cause upward rotation of the scapula?
A
Serratus anterior, trapezius (upper, mid, and lower)
10
Q
Which muscles cause downward rotation of the scapula?
A
Rhomboids major and minor, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor
11
Q
Which muscles cause protraction (abduction) of the scapula?
A
pectoralis minor, serratus anterior
12
Q
Which muscles cause retraction (adduction) of the scapula?
A
Rhomboid major and minor, Trapezius (mid and lower)
13
Q
What are the three joints of the shoulder girdle?
A
Acromioclavicular (AC), sternoclavicular (SC), and scapulothoracic (ST)
14
Q
Anterior Deltoids - Origin, insertion, and actions
A
Origin: Anterior Distal 1/3 of the clavicle
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity
Actions: Flexion, Internal rotation, Horizontal adduction
15
Q
Middle Deltoids - Origin, insertion, and actions
A
Origin: Acromion process
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity
Actions: Abduction
16
Q
Posterior Deltoids - Origin, insertion, and actions
A
Origin: Spine of the scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity
Actions: Extension, External rotation, Horizontal abduction
17
Q
Coracobrachialis - Origin, insertion, and actions
A
Origin: coracoid process
Insertion: Anterior medial aspect of the humerus
Actions: Adduction, Flexion, Horizontal adduction
18
Q
Supraspinatus - Origin, insertion, and actions
A
Origin: supraspinatus fossa
Insertion: greater tubercle
Actions: abduction
19
Q
Infraspinatus - Origin, insertion, and actions
A
Origin: infraspinatus fossa
Insertion: Dorsal surface of the greater tubercle
Actions: external rotation
20
Q
Teres Minor - Origin, insertion, and actions
A
Origin: lower lateral border of the scapula
Insertion: Posterior surface of the greater tubercle
Actions: External rotation
21
Q
Subscapularis - Origin, insertion, and actions
A
Origin: Subscapular fossa
Insertion: Lesser tubercle
Actions: Internal rotation
22
Q
Teres Major - Origin, insertion, and actions
A
Origin: Dorsal surface inferior angle of the scapula
Insertion: Medial lip of the bicipital groove
Actions: Adduction, Extention, Inward Rotation
23
Q
What muscle is the lats little helper?
A
teres major
24
Q
Latissimus Dorsi - Origin, insertion, and actions
A
Origin: Spinous process of T6-L5, crest of sacrum, iliac crest, and lower 3 ribs
Insertion: Medial lip of the bicipital groove
Actions: Adduction, Extension, Internal rotation
25
Pectoralis Major
Origin: proximal anterior 1/2 of clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage of ribs 1-6
Insertion: lateral lip of the bicipital groove
Actions: Internal rotation, Horizontal adduction, Adduction
*clavicular portion flexes and abducts past 90 and sternal helps with extension*
26
Which muscles are flexors of the shoulder joint?
pectoralis major (clavicular), Anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii (short head)
27
Which muscles extend the shoulder joint?
Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, Posterior delts, pectoralis major (sternal), triceps brachii (long head)
28
Which muscles abduct the shoulder joint?
Supraspinatus, Lateral delts, biceps brachii (long head), sternal portion of pec major *past 90*
29
Which muscles adduct the shoulder joint?
coracobrachialis, lats, teres major, prectoralis major, Bicpes brachii (short head), ticeps brachii (long head)
30
Which muscles externally rotate the shoulder joint?
posterior delts, infraspinatus, teres minor
31
Which muscles internally rotate the shoulder joint?
pec major, anterior delts, subscapularis, lats, teres major
32
What type of joint is the shoulder joint?
ball and socket
33
How many axis' can the shoulder joint move in?
3 - triaxial
34
Which muscles are part of the rotator cuff?
SITS (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis)
35
Biceps Brachii (short head) - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: coracoid process
Insertion: Radial tuberosity
Actions: flexion, adduction
36
Biceps Brachii (long head) - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: supragelnoid tubercle
Insertion: radial tuberosity
Actions: flexion, abduction
37
Brachialis - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: Anterior distal 1/2 of the humerus
Insertion: coronoid process
Action: flexion
38
Brachioradialis
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge
Insertion: radial styloid process
Action: flexion, supination and pronation (partial)
39
Does the biceps brachii supinate?
Yes, together they do - not separately
40
Triceps brachii (long head) - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: head of the infraglenoid tubercle
Insertion: Olecranon process
Actions: extension of shoulder and elbow, adduction of humerus
41
Triceps Brachii (lateral head) - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: proximal lateral surface of humerus
Insertions: olecranon process
Actions: extension of elbow
42
Triceps Brachii (medial head) - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: distal medial surface of the humerus
Insertion: olecranon process
Actions: extension of elbow
43
Anconeus - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: posterior surface of lat condyle
Insertion: olecranon process
Actions: extension of elbow
44
Pronator Teres - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: Medial epicondyle and the coronoid process
Insertion: proximal anterior lateral aspects of the radius
Action: flexion of the elbow, pronation
45
Pronator Quadratus - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: Anterior distal 1/4 of ulna
Insertion: Anterior distal 1/4 of radius
Actions: pronation
46
Supinator - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: lateral surface of radius
Actions: supination
47
Which muscles cause flexion at the elbow joint?
Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis
48
Which muscles cause extension at the elbow joint?
Triceps brachii, anconeous, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulanris
49
Which muscles cause supination of the radioulnar joint?
Biceps brachii, supinator, brachioradialis
50
Which muscles cause pronation of the radioulnar joint?
Pronator teres, pronator quadratus, bradioradialis
51
What position is the brachioradialis most beneficial?
In a neutral grip position
52
What type of joint is the radioulnar joint?
pivot joint
53
From the elbow joint if a muscle insert on the ulna it will only....
Flex and extend
54
From the elbow joint if a muscle inserts on the radius think....
pronation and supination
55
When will a muscle generate the most power?
When it is longer
56
Flexor Carpi Radialis - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: Anterior surface, base of metacarpals 2 and 3
Actions: Flexion of the wrist and elbow, radial deviation
57
Palmaris Longus - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
Actions: Flexor of the wrist and elbow
58
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: medial epicondyle, proximal 2/3 posterior border of the ulna
Insertion: Anterior surface, base of the 5th metacarpal, pisiform, and hamate
Actions: Elbow and wrist flexor, ulnar deviation
59
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: lateral epicondyle, mid posterior ulna
Insertion: dorsal surface base of metacarpal 5
Actions: Extension of wrist and elbow, ulnar deviation
60
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: Dorsal surface of metacarpal 3
Actions: Extension of elbow and wrist, radial deviation
61
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge, lat epicondyle
Insertion: Dorsal surface, base of metacarpal 2
Actions: Extension of the wrist and elbow, radial deviation
62
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: medial epicondyle, coronoid process, anterior 2/3 of the radius
Insertion: sides of the middle phalanges on digits 2-5
Actions: Flexor of the elbow, wrist, and mid and prox. phalanges 2-5
63
Flexor Digitorum Profundus - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: proximal 3/4 anterior medial of the ulna
Insertion: Anterior surface, base of the distal phalanges, digits 2-5
Actions: Flexor of the wrist, and mid/distal phalanges 2-5
64
Flexor Pollicis Longus - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: Anterior middle 1/3 of the radius and distal to coronoid process of the ulna
Insertion: Anterior surface, base or the distal phalanx of digit #1
Actions: Flexor of the wrist and digit 1, radial deviation
65
Extensor Digitorum - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: Dorsal surface bases of the middle and distal phalanges digits 2-5
Actions: Extension of the wrist, elbow, and digits 2-5 (all joints)
66
Extensor Indicis - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: dorsal mid to distal 1/3 of ulna
Insertion: Dorsal surface base of middle and distal phalanx digit 2
Actions: Extension of digit 2 ( all joints) and wrist
67
Extensor Digiti Minimi - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: Dorsal surface base of middle and distal phalanx of digit 5
Actions: Extension of elbow, wrist, and digit 5, ulnar deviation
68
Extensor pollicis longus - Origin, insertion, and actions
origin: Dorsal middle of the ulna
Insertion: Dorsal surface base of distal phalanx digit 1
Acitons: extension of the wrist and digit 1, radial deviation
69
Extensor pollicis brevis - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: Dorsal surface of lower middle radius
Insertion: dorsal surface base of proximal phalanx digit 1
Actions: Extension of the wrist and digit 1, radial deviation
70
Abductor pollicis longus - Origin, insertion, and actions
Origin: dorsal middle 1/3 of the ulna and the radius
Insertion: dorsal surface base of the metacarpal 1
Actions: abduction of thumb, radial deviation
71
Which muscles cause flexion of the wrist joint?
Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, palmaris longus
72
Which mucles cause extension of the wrist joint?
Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radials brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor indicis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis
73
Which muscles cause abduction (radial deviation) of the hand?
Flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus and brevis, flexor pollicis longus
74
Which muscles cause adduction (ulnar deviation) of the hand?
Flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digiti minimi
75
Which muscle cause flexion of the MCP joint?
flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus
76
Which muscles cause flexion at the PIP joint digits 2-5?
flexor digitorum superficialis
77
Which muscles cause Extension of the MCP joint?
extensor digitorum
78
Which muscles cause Flexion of the DIP joints digits 2-5?
Flexor digitorum profundus
79
What type of joint is the MCP Joint?
condyloid joints
80
What type of joint in the CMC joint?
gliding joints
81
What type of joint is the PIP and DIP joints?
hinge joints
82
What type of joint is the MCP on digit #1?
Saddle joint
83
What does the iliofemoral ligament resist?
Extension
84
What does the pubofemoral joint resist?
Abduction, external rotation, and extension
85
What does the ischiofemoral ligament resist?
Internal rotation
86
During anterior tilt which way in the pubis symphysis moving?
Posteriorly
87
During posterior tilt which way is the ASIS moving?
Posteriorly
88
When the right foot is being used for support and the left foot is off the ground is the left side of the pelvis in pelvic hike or drop?
pelvic drop - always refers to the unsupported side
89
Iliopsoa (Psoas major, psoas minor, iliacus)
Origin: transvers and bodies of L1-L5, iliac fossa
Insertion: lesser trochanter
Actions:n Flex lumbar and hip, external rotation - can also help with anterior tilt
90
Sartorious
Origin: anterior, superior iliac spine
Insertion: proximal anterior medial aspect of the tibia
Actions: flex hip and knee, external rotationof hip, internal rotation of knee
91
Rectus Femoris
Origin:
- Long head: AIIS
- Short head: head superior border of the acetabulum
Insertion: tibial tuberosity via the superior border of the patella
Action: Flex hip, extend knee
92
Pectineus
Origin: superior ramus of the pubis
Insertion: Pectineal line (lesser trochanter to the linea aspera)
Action: flex hip, adduction, external rotation
*in extreme positions can help extend*
93
Adductor Longus
Origin: anterior surface, below crest of the pubis
Insertion: Middle 1/3 of the linea aspera
Action: adduction, flexion, external rotation
94
Adductor Brevis
Origin: inferior ramus of the pubis
Insertion: upper 1/2 of the linea aspera
Actions: adduction, flexion, external rotation
95
Adductor Magnus (anterior fibers or horizontal fibers)
Origin: inferior ramus of the pubis
Insertion: upper medial lip of linea aspera
Actions: adduction, external rotation, flex hip
96
Adductor Magnus (posterior fibers or vertical fibers)
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: lower linear aspera, medial suprachondylar ridge, adductor tubercle
Actions: adduction, external rotation, extend hip
97
Gracilis
Origin: Descending ramus of pubis
Insertion: proximal anteromedial surface of the tibia
Actions: adduction and internal rotation of the hip, flexion and internal rotation of the knee
98
Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL)
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: iliotibial facia (IT band) of the thigh 1/4 of the way down
Actions: abduction, flexion, and internal rotation of the hip
99
Gluteus Medius
Origin: upper dorsal surface of the ilium
Insertion: lateral surfaces of the greater trochanter
Actions: abduction, anterior fibers IR, posterior fibers ER
100
Gluteus Minimus
Origin: lower dorsal surface of the ilium
Insertion: Anterior surface of the greater trochanter
Actions: abduction, anterior fibers IR, posterior fibers ER
101
How can you stretch the 6 deep lateral rotator muscles?
leg flexed and externally rotated
102
Gluteus Maximus
Origin: Posterior 1/4 of the iliac crest, full length of sacrum, and the coccyx
Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity and IT band
Actions: extension and external rotation, lower fibers adduction
103
Biceps Femoris
Origin:
- Long head: ischial tuberosity
- Short head: lateral lip of the linea aspera and lateral supracondylar ridge
Insertion: head of the fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
Actions: extend and externally rotate hip *long head only* and external rotation and flexion of the knee
104
Semitendinosus
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Proximal anterior medial aspect of the tibia
Actions: Internal rotation and extension of the hip, flexion and internal rotation of knee
105
Semimembranosus
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: proximal medial aspect of the tibia
Actions: extension and internal rotation of the hip, internal rotation and flexion of the knee
106
What are all of the hip flexors?
Psoas major, Iliacus, sartorius, TFL, pectineus, adductor longus and brevis, adductor magnus *horizontal*, rectus femoris
107
What are all of the hip extensors?
gluteus maximus, biceps femoris *long head*, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor magnus *vertical fibers*
108
What are all of the adductors of the hip?
pectineus, adductor longus and brevis, gracilis, adductor magnus, gluteus maximus *lower fibers*, biceps femoris *long head*, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
109
What are the abductors of the hip?
TFL, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
110
What are the external rotators of the hip?
6 deep rotators, psoas major, iliacus, sartorius, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius *posterior fibers*, gluteus minimus *posterior fibers*, adductor longus and brevis, adductor magnus *horizontal fibers, biceps femoris *long head*
111
What are the internal rotators of the hip?
TFL, gracilis, gluteus medius *anterior fibers*, gluteus minimus *anterior fibers*, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
112
Vastus medius
Origin: Intertrochanteric line
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Actions: knee extension
113
Vastus Intermedius
Origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Actions: Knee extension
114
Vastus lateralis
Origin: greater trochanter
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Actions: knee extension
115
Popliteus
Origin: posterior surface of the lateral condyle of femur
Insertion: upper posterior medial surface of tibia
116
Grastrocnemius
Origin: posterior aspect of the lateral and medial condyles of the femur
Insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus
Actions: flex knee, plantar flexion of ankle
117
What are the knee flexors?
sartorious, gracilis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gastrocnemius, plantaris, popliteus
118
What are the knee extensors?
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedialis, vastus medialis
119
What kind of joint is the tibiotalar joint?
hinge joint
120
What joint gives us our inversion and eversion?
subtalar joint
121
What kind of joint is the subtalar joint?
gliding
122
Soleus
Origin: proximal 2/3 of the posterior surface of the tibia and fibula
Insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus
Actions: plantar flex
123
If the knee is bent is the solues or gastroc doing more work in a toe raise?
soleus
124
Tibialis posterior
Origin: posterior proximal surface 2/3 of the tibia and the fibula
Insertion: plantar surface of the navicular, cuneiforms and base of the metatarsals 2-5
Actions: plantar flexion, inversion
125
Flexor digitorum longus
Origin: Dorsal surface distal 2/3 of the tibia
Insertion: Plantar surface base of the distal phalanges digits 2-5
Actions: plantar flexion, inversion, flexion of digits 2-5
126
Flexor hallucis longus
Origin: middle 2/3 of posterior surface of the fibula
Insertion: planar surface base of the distal phalanx of digit 1
Actions: plantar flexion, inversion, flexion of the great toe
127
Peroneus (fibularis) longus
Origin: proximal lateral 1/2 of fibula
Insertion: plantar surface of 1st cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
Actions: plantar flexion, eversion
128
Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
Origin: Distal lateral 1/2 aspect of fibula
Insertion: tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal
Actions: plantar flexion, eversion
129
Peroneus (fibularis) tertius
Origin: anterior distal 1/3 of fibula
Insertion: superior surface base of 5th metatarsal
Actions: dorsiflexion, eversion
130
Extensor digitorum longus
Origin: lateral condyle of the tibia; proximal anterior 3/4 of the fibula
Insertion: top of the middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Actions: dorsiflexion, eversion, ext. of 4 lesser toes
131
Extensor hallucis longus
Origin: middle anterior 1/3 of the fibula
Insertion: top of the distal phalanx of the great toe
Actions: dorsiflexion, inversion, ext. of greater toe
132
Tibialis anterior
Origin: proximal lateral 2/3 of the tibia
Insertion: plantar surface of cuneiform #1 and base of the first metatarsal
Actions: dorsiflexion, inversion
133
What are the plantar flexors of the ankle?
gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis
134
What are the dorsi flexors of the ankle?
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum, peroneus tertius
135
What are the invertors of the foot?
flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus
136
What are the evertors of the foot?
extensor digitorum longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus longus, peroneus tertius
137
What muscles cause extension of the great toe?
extensor hallucis longus
138
What muscles cause extension of the four lesser toes?
extensor digitorum longus
139
What muscles cause flexion of the great toe?
flexor hallucis longus
140
Where do we get the most motion in our vertebrae?
C1-C7 - because they have a lot of smaller joints which allow for more motion
141
What is the total amount of muscles in the Erector Spinae?
18 - each of the three muscles has three
142
Rectus Abdominis
Origin: pubic crest
Insertion: cartilage of the 5th, 6th, and 7th rib and xiphoid process
Actions: lateral flexion, lumbar flexion
143
External oblique abdominal muscles
Actions: lumbar flexion, lateral flexion, rotation to opposite side
144
Internal oblique abdominal muscles
Actions: lumbar flexion, lateral flexion, rotation to same side
