Final Exam Flashcards
(72 cards)
What is characteristic of separation anxiety disorder? Does the typical/expected separation anxiety
that often occurs during childhood qualify as this diagnosis/disorder?
- Developmentally inappropriate and excessive rear or anxiety concerning separation from those whom the individual is attached, as evidenced by 3 separation symptoms.
- No
What is involved in a specific phobia (Criteria A)? Duration?
A: Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation (i.e., flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, seeing blood)
Duration: 6 months or more
What is the first DSM criterion for social anxiety disorder (social phobia)? What is the “perceived
threat?” Note that there is also concern about showing anxiety symptoms, leading to negative
evaluation (2nd criterion).
A: Marked fear or anxiety about 1+ social situations in qhich the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny in others.
The perceived threat: negative evaluation by others/scrutiny
Are the panic attacks in panic disorder expected or unexpected? Is one attack sufficient? In addition
to panic attacks, what else has to occur for 1 or more months (Criterion B)?
- Unexpected
- No, more than 1
- Persistent fear of future attacks, maladaptive behavioral change as a result of the anticipation of another panic attack
What are common symptoms of a panic attack (physiological and cognitive)? How many
symptoms are needed to qualify as a panic attack?
-There are 13 symptoms:
Palpitations, pounding heart
Sweating
Trembling/shaking
Shortness of breath
Feelings of choking
Chest pain/discomfort
Nausea/abdominal distress
Dizzy/lightheaded/unsteady
Chills/heat sensations
Parasthesias (numb/tingling)
Derealization
Fear of losing control
Fear of dying
- At least 4
What is the source of perceived threat for a person with agoraphobia? In the event of developing
panic-like symptoms, the person is concerned that _____ or _____. How many settings?
Source of threat: the real or anticipated exposure to a wide range of situations. They fear something terrible might happen.
thoughts that escape from certain situations might be difficult or help might not be available in the event of developing panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating symptoms.
Settings: 2 or more
Can substances, medications, or medical conditions contribute to anxiety symptoms?
Yep!
Is it important to involve parents when treating children with separation anxiety disorder?
Yep!
How was “external exposure” utilized in the agoraphobia video (elevator, subway, bus) or
snake phobia video?
The individuals were made to be in the presence of the things they feared as therapy to address their fears.
Give a specific example of “habituation” in treatment.
The person must remain in the situation
“long enough” for anxiety to reach a peak and then decline and to repeat the exposure “often enough”
for habituation to occur and anxiety to extinguish
How was “expectancy violation” demonstrated in the videos?
Sedata’s belief she would
get trapped and die if she was in an elevator, however that expectation was violated. Therefore, her
cognitions were revised to see elevators as less threatening
What is a concern about using medications prior to interoceptive exposure, during the treatment of
phobias, or when treating other anxiety disorders?
Its use reduces the person’s ability to benefit from exposure-based treatment.
Is the prognosis for the treatment of
specific phobias favorable?
Yep!
What are 2 components of the treatment plan for social anxiety disorder?
Exposure and cognitive restructuring
How can therapists help by providing psychoeducation about panic symptoms (and reframing
them)? Specifically, how could it help a person understand that the rapid breathing, rapid heart rate,
dizziness, and tingling experienced during a panic attack are uncomfortable, but not dangerous?
People who understand the physiology of a panic attack are less likely to be terrified when another occurs.
What is the treatment of choice for panic disorder
Good o’l CBT!
Briefly describe what is involved with interoceptive (internal) exposure in Panic Control Therapy
create panic-like
sensations by spinning in chair, rapid breathing, brisk exercise, breathing through straw
What is helpful about
evoking panic-like symptoms in Panic Control Therapy (with interoceptive exposure)?
person gets accustomed to and learns to cope with these
symptoms and realizes that, while uncomfortable, they are not dangerous
What is the DSM definition of obsessions?
recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted
What is the DSM definition of compulsions?
repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly
What
purpose or function do compulsions serve?
Aim is to prevent or reduce anxiety/distress or to prevent a dreaded situation or event
What are 2 common obsessions and 2
compulsions that apply to OCD?
Obsessions: Contamination, Obsessions of harm/danger/loss, perfectionistic obsessions, aggressive obsessions, superstitious/magical obsessions, religious obsessions, sexual obsessions, health or body-focused obsessions, neutral obsessions
Compulsions: Decontamination, checking, perfectionistic, counting, touching/movement, protective, body-focused, hoarding/collecting
Does a person need both obsessions and compulsions for an OCD diagnosis?
No. There needs to be a presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both
What are 2 ways that
the obsessions and compulsions in OCD are viewed as “maladaptive”
Time consuming (1 hour+ per day), clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
