Final Exam Flashcards
(138 cards)
1
Q
CPU
A
Central Processing Unit sometimes referred to as the brains of the computer because it controls all the functions preformed by the computers other components and process all the commands issued to it by software instructions
2
Q
System Unit:
A
The metal or plastic case that hold all the physical parts of the computer together, including the computer’s processor, memory, and multiple circuit boards that help the computer to function.
3
Q
Motherboard
A
A special circuit board in the system unit that contains the central processing unit, the memory chips, and the slots available for expansion cards, in which all the other circuit boards connect to in order to receive power and communicate
4
Q
Buses
A
Communication pathways that transfer data between components inside a computer OR A system of networking connections in which all connections are connected in sequence by a singular cable
5
Q
Expansion Cards
A
Additional cards inserted into slots on the motherboard to enhance a computer’s capabilities. AND A circuit board with specific functions that augment the computers basic functions and provide connections to other devices.
6
Q
Ports
A
Connection points on a computer for external devices like USB, HDMI, and Ethernet.
7
Q
Modem
A
A device that connects a network to the internet
8
Q
Input Devices
A
A hardware device used to enter, or input, data and instructions into a computer.
9
Q
Monitors
A
Display screens using Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) or Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) technology
10
Q
Output Devices
A
A device that sends processed data and information out of a computer in the form of text, photo, sound, or video
11
Q
Moore’s Law
A
A prediction, named after Gordon Moore (the cofounder of intel) which states that the number of transistors on a central processing unit chip will double every two years
12
Q
What are the three types of Specialty Computers:
A
- Mainframe- a large, expensive computer that supports many users simultaneously.
- Supercomputer- a specialty designed computer that can preform complex calculations extremely rapidly
- Embedded Computer - a specialty designed computer chip that resides in another device
13
Q
Computer Generations
A
Programing Languages are classified in several groupings, sometimes referred to as generations.
14
Q
Data Measurement
A
Bit (smallest unit of data), Byte (8 bits), Kilobyte (1000 bytes), Megabyte (1000000 bytes), Gigabyte (1000000000 megabytes).
15
Q
Bit
A
smallest unit of data
16
Q
Byte
A
8 bits
17
Q
Kilobyte
A
1000 bytes
18
Q
Megabyte
A
1000000 bytes
19
Q
Gigabyte
A
1000000000 megabytes
20
Q
Data Transmission
A
Process of sending data electronically
21
Q
Major Computer Functions
A
Input, Processing, Output, and Storage.
22
Q
Primary Storage
A
Also known as main memory, it holds data currently in use by the CPU
23
Q
What are the types of Primary Storage
A
RAM (Random Access Memory), Cache Memory, and the internal computer hard drive
24
Q
Characteristics of Primary Storage
A
active storage, temporary, volatile, faster to access, and has less capacity
25
Secondary Storage
Stores data not immediately needed for processing, providing long-term storage.
26
What are types of secondary storage
Hard Disk Drives, SSD, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, Flash Drive.
27
Characteristics of Secondary Storage
passive, permanent, non-volatile, slower, more capacity
28
What are the two types of secondary storage
System Software and Application Software
29
What is Application Software
The set of programs on a computer that helps a user carry out task such as word processing, sending email, balancing a budget, creating presentations, editing photos, taking a online course, and playing games.
30
What is System Software?
The set of programs that enables a computer's hardware devices and application software to work together. This includes both the Operating System and the Utility programs
31
What is the User Interface?
Part of the operating system that enables individuals to interact with the computer
32
GUI
Graphical User Interface unlike the command and menu-driven interfaced used in earlier software, GUI's display graphics and use the point-and-click technology of the mouse and curser, making them much more user friendly
33
Operating System
The system software that controls the way in which a computer system functions, including the management of hardware, peripherals, and software
34
Utility program
Utility programs are small programs that preform many of the general housekeeping tasks for the computer such as system maintenance and file compression
35
What are standard utility programs
Disk Cleanup, Antivirus, File Compression, Backup Software
36
What does www. mean
World Wide Web
37
Internet
A network of networks that's the largest network in the world connecting billions of computers globally
38
Intranet
A private network set up by a business or an organization that's used by an exclusive group.
39
ISP
Internet Service Provider is a company that specializes in providing Internet Access. These may be specialized providers or companies that provide other services in addition to Internet access.
40
HTTP
http:// is a Hypertext Transfer Protocol which allows files to be transferred from a web server so that you can see then on your computer by using a browser
41
HTTPS
https:// is Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure which is the internet protocol that ensures data is sent securely over the web
42
Protocol Networks
Set of rules governing data exchange between devices in a network.
43
What are the components of a network
Network Adapter, Network Operating System, Network Transmission Media, Network Navigation Devices
44
Firewalls
a software program or hardware device designed to prevent unauthorized access to computers or networks
45
Virus
a computer program that attaches itself to another computer program (known as the host program) and attempts to spread itself to other computers when files are exchanged
46
Logic Bombs
a computer virus that runs when a certain set of conditions is met, such as when a program is launched a specific number of times
Time Bombs: a virus that is triggered by the passage of time or on a certain date
47
Worms
A program that attempts to travel between systems through network connections to spread infections. Worms can run independently of host file execution and are active in spreading themselves
48
Trojan Horses
A computer program that appears to be something useful or desirable but at the same time does something malicious in the background without the users knowledge
49
Spyware
An unwanted piggyback program that downloads with the software you want to install from the Internet then runs in the background of your system
50
Zombies
A computer that is controlled by a hacker who uses it to launch attacks on other computer systems
51
Quick Access Toolbar
A feature that provides one-click access to commonly executed tasks. It is hidden by default but displays under the ribbon when activated
52
Ribbon
The command center of Office applications. It is the long bar located just beneath the title bar containing tabs, groups, and commands
53
Tabs
Located on the ribbon, each tab is designed to appear much like a tab on a file folder, with the active tab highlighted
54
Group Structure
The organization within the tabs that allows for locating tabs easier
55
Borders
A border is a line style you can apply to individual cells, to a entire table, or individual areas within a spreadsheet or table.
56
Shading
A background color that displays behind text in a paragraph, page, or table element
57
Bullets
The command that starts a bulleted list to separate key ideas within a large text block
58
Line Spacing
Located on the HOME tab, line spacing is the amount of space located between consecutive lines of text
59
Justification
Located on the HOME Tab, the justification of a document is the alignment of the document which can be left aligned, middle aligned, right aligned, or justified (perfectly equal between the left and right margin)
60
Hard Returns
A hard return is the start of a new paragraph, or whenever the ENTER Key is used.
61
Soft Return
A soft return is the action of returning to the left of the page due to running out of space, not the use of the ENTER key
62
crtl+Home
Moves to the Top of the Page
63
ctrl+End
Jumps to end of the document
64
Format Painter
A feature that enables you to quickly and easily copy all formatting from one area to another
65
Headers
A amount of text that appears at the top of every page within a document
66
Footer
A amount of text that appears on the bottom of every page within the document
67
Cover Page
The first page of a report, which includes the report title, author, and other identifying information
68
Page Numbers
Normally in a corner of a page, notates what page of the document you are located
69
Selecting a word
Double Click on word
70
Selecting a paragraph
Triple Click
71
Select-then-Do
The process of selecting the text then applying the command
72
Page Layout
The customization of the appearance of the document
73
Table
A grid of columns and rows that organizes data
74
Tab Stops
A marker on the horizontal ruler specifying the location where the insertion point stops after Tab is pressed to align text in a document
75
Hanging Indent
A setting that aligns the first line of a paragraph at the left margin, indenting lines in the paragraph
76
View Rulerq
Shows the ruler around the outside of the document
77
Cell
The intersection of a column and row
78
Formula
A combination of cell references, operators, values, and/or functions used to preform a calculation
79
Function
A predefined computation that simplifies creating a complex calculation and produces a result based on inputs known as arguments
80
Auto-Sum
A way to quickly apply basic aggregate functions to a continuous array of values
81
Auto Fill
A feature that completes a sequence of months, abbreviated months, quarters, weekdays, weekday abbreviations, or values. Auto Fill can be used to fill or copy a formula down a column or across a row
82
Fill Handle
A small green square at the bottom-right corner of the active cell. You can position the pointer on the fill handle and drag it to repeat the contents of the cell to other cells or to copy a formula in the active cell to adjacent cells down the column or across the row
83
Absolute References
A designation that indicates a constant reference to a specific cell location; the cell reference does not change when you copy the formula
84
Relative Refrence
A designation that indicated a cell's relative location from the original cell containing the formula; the cell reference changes when the formula is copied
85
What are the three types of data entered into a spreadsheet?
Text, Numbers, Dates
86
Name Box
A rectangular area that displays the address (or name) of the active cell, selected chater, or selected table. Use the name box to go to a cell or table; select a range; or assign a name to one of more cells
87
Formula Bar
A bar that shows the contents stored in the active cell. You enter or edit the cell content here
88
What does #### mean?
Indicates that the cell contents are too long to fit in the cell. Adjust the column width to display the full content.
89
What are the different types of charts
Column Chart
Bar Chart
Pie Chart
Line Chart
Combo Chart
90
Select Data
click and drag to select multiple cells
91
How to Name a cell range
Select Range
Click Formulas
Create from Selection
Create names in Selection Box
Click Ok
92
How to create a pivot table
Select data range, go to Insert > PivotTable, choose location and fields.
93
How to select non adjacent cells?
Ctrl+ select cells
94
How to display formula within a cell?
Ctrl
95
How to name a database and criteria in excel?
Here's how to name a database range and set criteria in Excel:
1. Name the database range
Select the range to name, including the row or column labels. Then, click Formulas > Create from Selection. In the Create Names from Selection dialog box, select the checkboxes that indicate the location of the row or column headers. For example, if the table only has a header row at the top, select Top row.
2. Set criteria
In the criteria cells, you can set criteria by typing the exact value, using cell references, or using defined names:
Exact value: Type the value directly into the criteria cell.
Cell reference: Use a formula like $D$1 to use the value of cell D1 as the criteria.
Defined name: Use a formula like =CritVar to use a defined name like "CritVar" as the criteria. You must use quotation marks to avoid Excel interpreting the information as a text string
96
How to record a Macro
Navigate to View > Macros > Record Macro, name the macro, assign a shortcut key, perform actions, stop recording.
97
How to run a macro
Access macros through View > Macros > View Macros, select the macro, and click 'Run'.
98
VBA
A programming language used in Excel for creating macros and automating tasks.
99
SUM()
Adds a range of cells
100
AVERAGE()
Averages a range of cells
101
MAX()
Returns the largest value in a range of cells
102
MIN()
Returns smallest value in a range of cells
103
IF()
Performs a logical test and returns one value for a true result, and another for a false result
104
LOOKUP()
Searches for a value in the first column of a table and returns a value in the same row from another column.
105
PMT()
Calculates the payment for a loan based on constant payments and a constant interest rate.
106
DSUM()
Adds the numbers in a column of a list or database that meets multiple criteria.
107
NOW()
Returns the current date and time
108
TODAY()
Returns the current date
109
DSUM()
Takes total of a database
110
DAVERAGE
Takes average of a database
111
DMIN()
Takes minimum of a database
112
DMAX()
Takes maximum of a database
113
DCOUNT()
Counts the amount in a database
114
DBMS
Database Management System
115
Field
The smallest element contained in a table, such as first name, last name, address, and phone number
116
Record
A group of related fields representing one entity such as data for one person, place event, or concept
117
Database
A collection of data organized as meaningful information that can be accessed, managed, stores, queried, sorted, and reported
118
Primary Key
The field that uniquely identifies each record in a table
119
Foreign Key
A field in a related table that is the primary key of another table
120
Relationships
The connection between categories in a database and how they connect to another database.
121
Query
A question about the data stored in a database, with answers provided in a data sheet
122
What are the types of sorts
Ascending or Descending
123
What is filter by selection?
A selection filter displays in data sheet view only the record that exactly mat the criterion you select are showcased. Access uses the current selection as the criteria. Used for finding records that contain criterion
124
Filter by Form
Filter by form is a more versatile methos as it enables you to display records based on multiple criteria. All the records are differ and access creates a blank form then you select the criteria you would want to see.
125
Calculated Field
a field that displays the result of a calculation that is based on an existing field or fields in the database
126
How to make a calculated field by function?
Add function into the expressions builder then fill in the arguments where a placeholder is
127
How to make a calculated field in builder?
Open builder then type the function
128
Aggregate Function
preforms a calculation on an entire column of data and returns a single value
129
Total Row
enables you to use and aggregate function in one of more columns of data table or a query result without having to change the design of the query (Calculates grand totals)
130
Totals Query
calculates subtotals for groups of records (calculates totals of groups)
131
Types of Macros in Access
Data Macros and Embedded Macros
132
Code Window
The area in the Visual Basic Editor where you write and edit VBA code.
133
Design Time
The period when you are creating or editing a VBA program.
134
Run Time
The period when a VBA program is running and executing commands.
135
Procedures
Blocks of VBA code that perform a specific task.
136
Declaring a Variable or Constant
Specifying the data type and name of a variable or constant in VBA.
137
Comments and Keywords
Text in VBA code that provides information about the code and are not executed.
138
Decision Structures
Control structures in VBA that allow you to make decisions based on conditions.
