FINAL EXAM

Question 1

Res Gestae

Answer 1

One of the Most famous inscriptions from all of ancient history

Inscribed all over the Roman empire in both Greek and Latin

First person account by Rome first emperor, Augustus [ originally named Gaius Octavius, then Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ]

Question 2

Concept: Citizenship

Question 3

Concept: Hellenization in the Seleucid and Ptolemaic kingdoms

Question 4

Concept: Helots

Question 5

Concept: Herodotus on Egyptian religion

Question 6

Concept: Princeps

Question 7

Concept: The Ptolemaic dynasty

Question 8

Concept: Roman Freedpeople

Answer 8

• freedperson/freedpeople:
  o A former slave who was freed
• Imperial family members own thousands of slaves.
  o For example, there is a tomb for Livia’s slaves and freedpeople, describing their occupations.
• Freed slaves of Romans receive Roman citizenship. They are expected to remain loyal to their former owner, their patron.
• There were many imperial offices for freedpeople, such as secretary of letters, of the treasury, etc.
• Some freedpeople were put in charge of provinces or armies.
• theres a lot of monuments of freedpeople
  o why do we have so many of them
   its a way of ad. the consequ. of their life as a freed slave, you are expec. to show loyalty
   but they are also expected to fund you
   they ahve an occupation that they can do
   so they have a way of making money
   they may also want to show off their status they want to share with others that they have been freed
   freedpeople outside the imperial family
   slavery was pervasive during this time and place
   There was social mobility of freedpeople

Question 9

Concept: Ruler cults

Question 10

Events: The Battle of Cannae

Question 11

Events: The Battle of Leuctra

Question 12

Events: Catiline’s Conspiracy

Question 13

Events: Cleisthenes’ reforms

Question 14

Events: Constantine’s conversion

Question 15

Events: The fall of the Western Roman empire

Question 16

Events: The Foundation of Cyrene

Question 16

Events: The outbreak of the Second Macedonian War

Question 17

Events: The Second Persian War

Question 18

Events: Sicilian Expedition

Question 18

Events: The Spartacus Revolt

Answer 18

• 73-71 BC
• Started in Campania in Central Italy, led by Spartacus, a Thracian slave in a gladiatorial school at Capua
• The slave rebelion was blamed on one guy, the owner of spartacus
• Highlighting The cruelty of own owner
• The revolt composed of c. 70k slaves and non-slaves
• What was the motiv. of the revolt:
  o -Destroy rome?
  o -Free all slaves?
  o -Or escape Roman Power?
• Revolt was defeated first by the praetor Marcus Licinius Crassus in 71 BC, and then by Pompey: the crucifixions.
• this Spartacus Revolt was the last major Roman slave revolt.
  o Why?
   -scholars have diff. poss. Answers
   -the cruelty with the crucif. created a kind of fear
   -the preven. of other slave rebellions
   -Others say that maybe there was a change in the treatmentf slaves. Maybe they treated them better.
• Over time, more prot. for slaves were placed
• it may have started a better treatment whatever that may mean
• maybe they stopped grouping large amounts of slaves together
• many of them were speaking the same language and were all placed together
• they may have freeworekers who disrupted any possible way of rebellion

Question 19

Events: The Third Century Crisis

Answer 19

• 235-284 AD
• The severan dynasty lasts until 235 AD
• Last severan dies and civil war ensues
• Over 50 emperors in 50 years
• Many emperors in the same year
• One year, there was 7 emperors
• Defeat of romans by foreign enemies
• Civil and economic collapse
  *

Question 20

People: Alexander the Great

Question 21

People: Agrippina the Younger

Question 22

People: Aspasia

Question 23

People: Cleopatra VII

Question 24

People: Cypselus

Question 25

People: Gaius Julius Caesar

Question 26

People: Gaius Marius

Question 27

People: Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus

Question 28

People: Vespasian

Question 29

Places/Monuments: The Colosseum

Question 30

Places/Monuments: The Lefkandi Tomb

Question 31

Places/Monuments: The Parthenon

Question 32

Places/Monuments: Pompeii

Answer 32

* Pompeii and Herculaneum originally Oscan towns on the bay of Naples in Italy * Conquered by Roman Republic in 3rd century BC * Sulla establishes a veteran colony at Pompeii in the civil wars (c. 82 BC). Many locals were displaced. It became a resort town afterwards * In August 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius erupted and destroyed and preserved Pompeii. * 2,000 people out of 12,000 didn’t flee. * Those that didn’t were generally asphyxiated and covered by the ash which engulfed the area.

Question 33

Texts/Documents: The Agricola

Answer 33

o The Agricola and the Germania (written in 98 AD) o A biography of Tacitus’ father-in-law and ethnography of the Germans o Publius Cornelius Tacitus was a senator and writer o He lived from c. 56-120 AD o Mainly writing in the reign of Trajan (98-117 AD)

Question 34

Texts/Documents: Laudatio Turiae

Question 35

Texts/Documents: On the Murder of Eratosthenes