Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Dynamics of Democratization > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

legitimacy (Lipset)

A

refers to when citizens believe their political system is working right; legitimacy or stability is assumed to be the second stage of democracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

factors that legitimize democracy (3)

A
  1. continuous economic development
  2. inclusiveness of the new political system
  3. resolution of political cleavages (or dividing issues)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

continuous economic development (2)

A
  1. leads to the well-being of citizens and is essential to democratic stability
  2. helps in preventing reversion to authoritarianism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

inclusiveness of the new political system

A

all major groups, including the conservative groups, must be included in the new system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 important cleavages (or dividing issues)

A
  1. religion
  2. citizenship
  3. income distribution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

key takeaway from Lipset’s analysis of religion

A

new democracies should allow religious freedom (separation of church and state)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the citizenship or voting rights issue (2)

A
  1. timely provision of voting rights (19th century)
  2. led to the ideology of gradual reformism of the working classes in the US and Great Britain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

consequences of delaying the provision of voting rights (2)

A
  1. Sweden established social democracy in 1910
  2. Russia established communism in 1917
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the income distribution issue (2)

A
  1. should be addressed periodically in democratic countries
  2. income distribution in industrial democracies –> skewed in favor of the upper class
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dahl on democratic stability (3)

A
  1. democratic persistence is partly determined by the performance of political leaders
  2. if one or more major groups are not happy with a polyarchy, its chances of survival will be low
  3. the less trusting a given society is, the less the maintenance of a polyarchy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Western Europe’s sequence of political development (Schedler)

A

state building, legal system, and then democracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

third wave

A

many democracies were created in weakly legitimized states and legal systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Schedler’s classification of democratic regimes

A

electoral and advanced democracies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

electoral democracies

A

hold elections but fail to consistently uphold political and civil freedoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

advanced democracies (2)

A
  1. allow free and fair elections; uphold political and civil freedoms
  2. also have strong judicial and party systems, civil society, and democratic political culture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

major factors that may help democratic consolidation, according to Schedler (4)

A
  1. economic effectiveness
  2. mass legitimacy
  3. democratic political culture
  4. competitive party systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

consolidated democracy (Linz & Stephan)

A

when the democratic political system has become “the only game in town”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

democracy is NOT consolidated if the following things are occurring (3)

A
  1. free and fair elections are lacking
  2. winners cannot exercise the monopoly of legitimate force or cannot rule democratically
  3. citizens’ rights are not protected by a rule of law
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the democratic regime can be consolidate in 3 ways

A
  1. behaviorally
  2. attitudinally
  3. constitutionally
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

behaviorally

A

no group overthrows the democratic regime or no group fights for secession

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

attitudinally

Study These Flashcards
A

the majority must believe political change must emerge only by democratic means

22
Q

constitutionally

Study These Flashcards
A

political conflict is resolved according to established norms and laws

23
Q

at least 4 conditions must be present in order for a democracy to be consolidated

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. conditions must exist for the development of a free and vibrant civil society
  2. there must be a relatively autonomous political society
  3. a functioning bureaucracy is needed to effectively command, regulate, and extract tax revenues
  4. there must be an institutionalized economic society
24
Q

civil society

Study These Flashcards
A

arena of the polity where autonomous groups, movements, and individuals develop

25
political society
arena in which political actors freely compete to exercise and control power
26
economic society (2)
1. politically crafted and accepted economic norms, institutions, and regulations 2. economic society is neither a command nor a pure market economy; it is a mixed economic system
27
2 major obstacles to democratic consolidation
1. ethnic conflict 2. lack of economic well-being
28
the idea that the world is becoming Western takes 2 forms
1. coca-colonization 2. modernization
29
coca-colonization thesis (2)
1. identifies culture with the consumption of material goods 2. but this trivializes Western culture by identifying it with fatty foods, faded pants, and fizzy drinks
30
the essence of the Western culture is the...
Magna Carta: a 1215 document signed by King Henry and Feudal Barons - started limiting the power of the monarchy
31
what makes the West Western? (8)
1. the classical legacy 2. Western Christianity 3. European languages 4. separation of spiritual and temporal authority 5. rule of law 6. social pluralism 7. representative bodies 8. individualism
32
the classical legacy (4)
1. the West inherited Greek philosophy and Roman law 2. Roman law --> legal system of ancient Romans 3. laws passed by assemblies and senates 4. legal writing
33
Western Christianity (4)
1. the most important historical characteristic of Western civilization 2. Roman and Germanic 3. although separate, the religion and state dualism exists in the West 4. when Westerns went out to conquer the world in 16th century, they did so for God and gold (and glory)
34
European languages
it is second only to religion as a factor distinguishing cultures
35
separation of spiritual and temporal authority
secularism entailed religion did not impact politics
36
rule of law (3)
1. Roman law, medieval natural law, and 17th-century liberalism are the basis of Western rule of law 2. natural law --> right to form government; right to own private property 3. liberalism --> individual liberty
37
social pluralism
West had autonomous aristocracy, as well as substantial peasantry and merchants
38
representative bodies (2)
1. social pluralism gave rise to estates, parliaments, and institutions 2. estate --> legal rights to property
39
individualism
developed in the West in the 14th and 15th centuries, leading to ideas of individual liberty
40
you can modernize but not Westernize (2)
1. modernization neither requires nor produces cultural Westernization 2. Ex: Peter the Great (Russia) and Mustafa Kemal (Turkey) were modernizers and tried to adopt Western culture; created "town" countries unsure of their cultural identity
41
what the West should do (4)
1. the future of the West will depend on the unity of the West 2. culture follow power; so beef up your power by the alliance of North America and Europe 3. if Latin America can sustain democracy and market economy, it can become a junior partner of the West 4. strengthen NATO, but let Turkey and Greece leave NATO; Turkey is Muslim, Greece is Eastern Christian
42
democracy as a universal value: Amartya Sen argues (2)
1. in the 19th century, theorists debated whether countries were "fit for democracy" 2. in the 20th century, democracy was accepted as a "natural" form of government (ex: James Bryce)
43
Sen takes issue with those saying (2)
1. authoritarian regimes can boost economic growth more than democratic ones (The Lee Hypothesis) 2. disagrees with those claiming Asian culture is not conducive to democracy
44
why democracy? (3)
1. Sen contends no famine has occurred in a democratic country with a free press 2. political freedom is part of human freedom 3. since political freedom is part of human freedom, democracy is a universal value
45
human freedom (4)
1. personal freedom 2. freedom of speech 3. economic freedom 4. no abuse, cruelty, and neglect
46
how far can free government travel? (Giovanni Sartori) (2)
1. he asks: can and should democracy, which was invented (discovered) in the West, be imported by others in toto (altogether)? 2. he claims: two terms are combined in liberal democracy: liberalism and democracy
47
liberalism
refers to demo-protection (demo-people) or freeing the people from arbitrary power and tyranny
48
democracy
refers to empowering the people
49
what can be imported, to Sartori...
is liberalism or demo-protection, not demo-empowering
50
demo-protection is important because...(2)
1. nobody on Earth likes to be imprisoned, tortured, or killed 2. that is, liberalism or demo-protection is the universal element of liberal democracy
51
to Sartori, his choice of liberalism over democracy is more of a procedural sequencing
that is, liberalism or demo-protection should come before democracy or demo-empowering
52
liberal democracy must be conceived as a political form, not a system that provides economic "goodies" (2)
1. if liberal democracy is purely political, then it can be established even in poor countries 2. but liberal democracy should not be exported to bring about economic growth

Dynamics of Democratization (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions