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final exam Flashcards

1
Q

what is ethics

A

the rules of conduct that guide us when deciding what is right and what is wrong, what is good and what is bad

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2
Q

Morals

A

the principles of behaviour a person believes to be right or wrong for themselves without concern for legalities or customs

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3
Q

Immoral

A

behaviour that is believed to be wrong, indecent, deviant, or not normal

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4
Q

VALUES

A

Personal belief about worth that acts as a standard to guide one’s behavior or living
Worthwhile or desirable qualities in a person

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5
Q

BELIEFS

A

Ideas or convictions a person holds to be true
May or may not be supported by objective evidence

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6
Q

ATTITUDES

A

General feelings or frame of reference affects how person organizes knowledge about the world

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7
Q

Personal ethics

A

Individualized beliefs, values, and morals developed throughout our lifetime of
interaction with others

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8
Q

Professional ethics

A

Rules, policies, guidelines, and standards
governing care givers, e.g. Code of Ethics
Need to use both personal and professional at work

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9
Q

9 HCA SAMPLE CODE OF ETHICS

A

1 Treat each individual with respect
2 Maintain confidentiality
3 Follow agency policies and procedures
4 Ensure personal activities do not interfere with my judgment and competence
5 Fulfill my obligations and responsibilities
6 Provide PPC
7 Promote client, family, and community involvement
8 Encourage client welfare by promoting independence
9 Contribute to safety and security

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10
Q

4 PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH CARE ETHICS

A

I. Autonomy
II. Justice
III. Beneficence
IV. Nonmaleficence

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11
Q

AUTONOMY/SELF DETERMINATION

A

Recognizes individual’s right to make own decisions based on values and beliefs
Person must be mentally competent
Respecting autonomy is allowing a person to make their own choices even if it’s at risk

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12
Q

JUSTICE

A

treated in a fair and equitable manner
Reflected in Canada’s universal health care system
treating equally regardless of their condition or your personal views
Involves not betraying trust
Involves maintaining privacy/keeping confidentiality

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13
Q

BENEFICENCE

A

Doing or promoting good
essence of the HCSW role
involves meeting client’s needs and
focusing efforts on client
involves working within your professional boundaries and advocating for the client

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14
Q

NONMALEFICENCE

A

“causing no harm” whether intentional or nonintentional
involves working within your scope of practice and knowledge
involves reducing client risks for potential injury

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15
Q

ETHICAL DILEMMAS

A

situation which requires you to choose between:
2+ right courses of action that contradict each other
OR
2+ options where none seem to
be right

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16
Q

VALUES CENTRAL TO
ETHICAL PRACTICE

A

Health & well-being
Choice
Dignity
Confidentiality
Fairness
Accountability

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17
Q

who is tommy douglas and why is he important?

A

was the canadian health minister (1944-48) and is the founder of medicare
is the reason why canadians do not pay for hospital visits and medical care
instituted 50/50 share of costs for provincial medical services with federal government

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18
Q

canada health act

A

federal legislation that clarifies types of insured health care services
outlines 5 principals that must be met for provinces/territories to get funding

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19
Q

5 Principles of Medicare/Canada Health Act

A

Comprehensiveness
Universality
Portability
Accessibility
Public administration

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20
Q

Federal Responsibilities

A

Government policy and programs eg: drug approval
Transferring tax money to the provinces & territories
Delivery of health services to:
Indigenous people, people living on reserves, military, RCMP, veterans and inmates
Ensures consistency of health care services between provinces according to the Canada Health Act (1984)

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21
Q

Territorial and Provincial Responsibilities

A

Development and administration of health care services within provinces and Territories
Organization and planning of services unique to each province
Must follow the 5 “Principles of Medicare”

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22
Q

Responsibilities of Health Care Authorities in BC

A
  1. To identify regional health needs (5
    geographic health authorities)
  2. To plan appropriate programs and services
  3. To ensure programs/services are properly managed and funded
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23
Q

BC Health Authorities

A

Geographical:
1. Northern Health
2. Interior Health
3. Vancouver Island Health Authority
4. Vancouver Coastal Health
5. Fraser Health
Province wide:
6. Provincial Health Services Authority
(PHSA)
7. First Nations Health Authority (FNHA)

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24
Q

Three Levels of Care Delivery

A

Primary Health Care
Secondary Health Care
Tertiary Health Care

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25
Primary Health Care
First contact (e.g. family doctor) focus on prevention, health promotion, early diagnosis Examples: skin rashes, broken bones, colds, flu, wellness checks...
26
Secondary Health Care
assessment, diagnosis, treatment and prevention Examples: referral to a specialist – neurologist, cardilogist, nephrologist...
27
Tertiary Health Care
higher acuity more “technology” Examples: ICU, Cornorary artery bypass, dialysis, neurosurgeries.
28
what are some workplace settings?
acute care long term care rehabilitation services or restorative care palliative care hospice
29
eden Philosophy
the idea that there are 7 fundamental aspects of personhood that are the core of human beings identity connectedness security autonomy meaning growth joy
30
criminal law
Offences against the public and society in general Deals with conduct considered harmful to society that it is prohibited and punished by government murder, robbery
31
civil law
Deals with relationships and conflicts between people or companies Action may be taken against another person to for compensation for damage or injury Examples: divorce, violation of a contract
32
Tort
The largest area of Civil law Is a wrongful act against a person or their property A person who commits act can be sued by injured person. Unintentional Tort: Negligence intentional Tort: assault, battery, false imprisonment
33
Negligence
when a person fails to act in a careful or competent manner, harms client or property An unintentional wrong because they did not intend to cause harm negligent individual may have to pay damages (a sum of money) to the injured person
34
Assault & Battery
Assault intentionally attempting to or threatening to touch a persons body without consent, causing person to fear bodily harm Battery Actual intentional touching of client’s body without consent Can be committed without an intent to injury
35
False Imprisonment
unlawful restraint or restrictions on a persons’ freedom of movement
36
Invasion of Privacy & Not Respecting Confidentiality
Revealing personal information about another person without his/her permission, or unnecessarily exposing a person’s body
37
Defamation of Character
injuring name and reputation of person by making false statements to third person. a) Libel, criminal offense when knowingly making false statements that harm reputation in print, writing or through pictures or drawings b) Slander is making harmful false statements orally
38
Liability
the legal responsibility to account for wrongful acts by making financial payment
39
Incompetence
continuing unsafe practice, tasks your don’t know how to do and is not within your scope of practice
40
Malpractice
mistreatment of a patient/client through ignorance, carelessness, neglect or criminal intent
41
Scope of Practice
what we as caregivers can and cannot do; our legal limits of our role determined by training and ability and employer policies
42
To avoid personal liability
Do not perform any skill that you cannot perform safely Do not perform any act which is unethical, illegal, or against policy Do not perform any procedure where the directions are incomplete or unclear
43
4 steps of delegation process
assessment of needs: nurse gets info about client needs and your skills communication: nurse gives directions and you agree to perform guidance and assistance: nurse observes, ensures its completed right follow up and feedback: nurse decides if it was successful and gives feedback
44
assigning
appointing someone to take responsibility to complete a task while providing client care or support
45
before completing a task what do you ensure?
youve been trained its within your job role its in the care plan you have tools/equipment available client status is unchanged the client consents
46
controlled acts
tasks that must be performed only by those authorized are harmful if performed by unqualified individuals
47
moral rights
based on a sense of fairness or ethics (expecting people to attend a party you plan)
48
legal rights
based on rules and principles outlined in law and enforced by society (voting, owning property)
49
residents bill of rights
commitment to care rights to health, safety, and dignity rights to participation and freedom of expression rights to transparency and accountability scope of rights
50
employees legal rights
human rights legislation occupational health and safety legislation employment standards legislation labour relations legislation workers compensation legislation
51
canadian charter of rights and freedoms
the basic rights and freedoms all canadians are entitled to freedom of conscience and religion freedom of thought, belief, opinion, and expression freedom of peaceful assembly and association right to vote right to enter, stay in, and leave Canada right to life, liberty, and security right to equality before/under law without discrimination
52
standard of care
acceptable standard of care in a profession mission statements policies and procedures education programs
53
Extraverts vs introverts
E think by talking out loud “brainstorming” I reflect on their ideas before sharing them prefer to have thoughts fully formed before sharing
54
Intuitive vs Sensing
I work with the “big picture” may skip steps, move from A to D use intuition brainstormers may not consider how the idea will be implemented S solve problems by collecting facts think about the details of implementation/process categorize and evaluate data and options may suffer from “analysis paralysis”
55
What is the overall purpose of a healthcare team?
to provide the client with the best possible care and support
56
The Multidisciplinary Team
case manager pt ot team leader (rn, etc) social worker family pharmacist etc
57
Benefits of Working on a Team
collaboration communication Variety of expertise decision- making positive, trusting environment
58
Challenges of Working on a Team
Understanding role boundaries Being flexible Handling conflict Expressing needs and views
59
Characteristics of High Functioning Teams
common purpose and values Mutual respect Empowered/empowering Strong supportive relationships Flexible Enthusiasm Good morale
60
Characteristics of Dysfunctional Teams
absence of trust lack of commitment avoidance of accountability inattention to results fear of conflict
61
Tuckman’s Stages of Group Development
1. Forming polite and impersonal stage, testing waters getting an idea of goals/work 2. Storming power struggles and conflict possible early termination 3. Norming getting organized, clarifying goals, tasks, procedures confronting issues 4. Performing doing the work collaborative, flexible, productive 5. Adjourning The group has completed its task or disbands
62
Conflict
a feeling, disagreement, real or perceived incompatibility of interests, inconsistent worldviews, or a set of behaviors
63
Emotional Intelligence
ability to access, manage, and use one’s emotions in relationships Involves bringing emotions to the surface, understanding how they can affect the team’s work
64
responses to conflict
non productive: avoidance agreeable and non assertive win at all costs productive: managing conflict starts by talking to person involved
65
causes of conflict
stress conflicting goals or methods personalities or work styles culture different values poor communication
66
PROCESS OF JOB APPLICATION
Resume Cover Letter References Portfolio Application Form Written Test Interview Follow up
67
What does your resume highlight?
Experiences Education Skills Qualities
68
RESUME: SKILLS & ABILITIEs
problem solving abilities successful teamwork ability to work independently and in groups organization attention to detail (vs. sloppy work)
69
Chronological resume
Information listed starting with most recent
70
functional resume
Emphasizes skills and abilities
71
PORTFOLIOS
Show your skills and abilities Give insight into “you” Sell yourself Give you control of the interview
72
WHAT IS ABUSE?
Physical or mental harm caused deliberately by another person or persons
73
TYPES OF ABUSE
Financial abuse Psychological/Emotional abuse Physical abuse Neglect Sexual abuse Bullying (including cyberbullying) Medical/Medication Systematic Civic & Human Rights
74
WHO ARE POTENTIAL ABUSERS
Caregivers Partners Family members Older adult/resident
75
WHICH INDIVIDUALS ARE AT RIS K OF BEING ABUSED?
Marginalized people (esp. women) Children Socially or geographically isolated older adults Older adults with reduced cognition Dependent older adults with disabilities Older adults cared for by people with substance abuse issues
76
THE CYCLE OF ABUSE
Tension Building Phase Abusive Phase Honeymoon Phase
77
WHY MIGHT AN OLDER ADULT NOT REPORT ABUSE
Fear of backlash from abuser not know how to get help not have the physical/cognitive ability to report Believe they deserved it Fear losing contact with the family member Feelings of guilt if their child or spouse was reported for abuse
78
CAREGIVER BURN OUT
Exhaustion of physical or emotional strength or motivation usually because of prolonged stress or frustration
79
BURN OUT symptoms
Over-exhaustion Disrupted sleep Headaches Work-related injuries Stomach problems Depression
80
What do you do when abuse occurs?
1. Report it immediately to your supervisor 2. Report the situation objectively * Report what the people involved said * Avoid labeling
81
Adult Guardianship Act
Protects vulnerable adults from abuse
82
Community Care and Assisted Living Act
Regulations for facilities, including the requirement to report abuse examples acts of any abuse falls, deaths, and medication errors episodes of aggressive behavior by residents
83
Two types of Self reflection
Reflection-in-action: reflective thinking one is doing while doing the action in the moment Reflection-on-action: In contrast, occurs after the action has been completed focus on outcome
84
what is leadership
ability to lead, guide, direct or influence people motivate team members and build cooperativeness
85
types of leadership?
designated leader emergent leader distributed leader
86
positive qualities needed for effective leadership
integrity knowledge critical thinking ethical perspective motivating
87
5 categories of power?
legitimate power (designated leadership) expert power (knowledge on subject) reward power (incentives or compensation) coercive power (unpleasant conquences to influence) referent power (through example, group respects leader)

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