Final Exam Flashcards
(20 cards)
Control lens shape
A
Blood vessels that supply nutrition to most of the eyes’ structures (excluding the lens and cornea).
B
Nutrients are delivered and waste products are carried away from the cells of the posterior segment of the eye by blood vessels. However, the cells in the cornea and lens (in the anterior segment) are avascular. Which is the best explanation for how these cells are maintained?
a) The nutrients and waste products of the anterior segment diffuse into and through the vitreous humor of the posterior segment.
b) The metabolic activity of these cells is very low. They produce little waste and need few nutrients.
c) The aqueous humor is continuously replenished and flows from the ciliary process to drain in the scleral venous sinus.
d) These cells, like the cells of the corneal layer of the integument are not living cells.
The aqueous humor is continuously replenished and flows from the ciliary process to drain in the scleral venous sinus.
Humans can see several thousand shades of color but have cone photoreceptors that are sensitive to only three (perhaps four) wavelengths of light. What is the best explanation for why we see so many colors?
a) Shades of color are purely psychological and learned by association with age, infants only seeing in black and white.
b) Colors are added and enhanced in the primary visual cortex of the brain.
c) Color perception is dependent on the millions of rods as well as cone photoreceptors.
d) Color perception is achieved by activation of various combinations between the three cone types.
Color perception is achieved by activation of various combinations between the three cone types.
Labyrinthitis is a medical condition often caused by a viral infection, resulting in swelling and inflammation of the membranous labyrinth. Which of the following symptoms would you most associate with the condition of labyrinthitis?
a) loss of hearing
b) ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
c) loss of balance and dizziness
d) auditory hallucination
loss of balance and dizziness
A patient has a loss of hearing in only one ear. Which of the following is likely to be a result?
a) The patient will have increased sensitivity to sound in the unaffected ear.
b) The patient will not be able to localize the origin of sounds.
c) The patient will have a loss of balance with dizziness and vertigo.
d) The patient will not be able to track objects with the eye on the same side as the hearing loss.
The patient will not be able to localize the origin of sounds.
In a person who is color-blind, which of the following would you most expect to see?
a) a loss of functions in the rods of their retina
b) absence of green or red cones in their foveae
c) an inability to regenerate 11-cis-retinal after bleaching
d) a loss of their peripheral vision
absence of green or red cones in their foveae
What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye?
Iris
Receptors for hearing are located in the ________.
cochlea
The receptor for static equilibrium is the ________.
macula
The ability to clearly see objects at a distance but not close up is properly called ________.
hyperopia
Which of the following describes a response of the eye to sympathetic stimulation?
a) pupil constriction
b) ciliary muscle relaxation
c) pupil dilation
d) ciliary muscle contraction
pupil dilation
In the visual pathways to the brain, the optic radiations project to the ________.
primary visual cortex
Motion sickness seems to ________.
result from mismatch between visual and vestibular inputs
Which pairing of terms is incorrectly related?
a) frequency of sound waves: loudness of the sound
b) amplitude of a sound: intensity of the sound
c) quality of a sound: frequency of the sound
d) frequency of sound waves: number of wavelengths
frequency of sound waves: loudness of the sound
Tinnitus, vertigo, and gradual hearing loss typify the disorder called ________.
Ménière’s syndrome
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of olfactory receptor cells?
a) They are chemoreceptors.
b) They have a short life span of about 60 days.
c) They are ciliated.
d) They are unipolar neurons.
They are unipolar neurons.
An essential part of the maculae involved in static equilibrium is (are) the ________.
otoliths
Select the correct statement about equilibrium.
a) The weight of the endolymph contained within the semicircular canals against the maculae is responsible for static equilibrium.
b) Due to dynamic equilibrium, movement can be perceived if rotation of the body continues at a constant rate.
c) Cristae respond to angular acceleration and deceleration.
d) Hair cells involved in both static and dynamic equilibrium hyperpolarize only, resulting in an increased rate of impulse transmission.
Cristae respond to angular acceleration and deceleration.
Fusing of the ossicles (otosclerosis) results in ________.
conduction deafness
