Final exam Flashcards
(205 cards)
1
Q
Why are omega 3 and 6 FA essential?
A
Body cannot make double bonda t 3 and 6 carbon
2
Q
Where can you find omega 3?
A
fish - salmon is best, then Herring - least mercury
Chart - flaxseed oil +canola is okay
canolaa, soubean, flax, walmut oils, human milk, cold watter fatty fish + fortifified foods
3
Q
Where can you ind omega 6?
A
nuts, seeds, whole grains, vegetable ouils, leafy greens
sunflower,corn ouls,
proccessed foods
4
Q
what is diffeenc ebetween omega 3 and 6 in terms of cooking and storage?
A
Omega 3’s like flaxseed oil need to be stored in cool and dark place bv there are more usntable but omega 6 like canola cna be heated rly high
5
Q
What can omega 3 be good for in human body?
A
heart health, mental/brain health, decreased ubfkammation
6
Q
When foods are fortified what type of omega 3 are they fortifed wtih ?why is this not great?
A
Foods like amragrin, yogurt, granola bars.. fortified with omega 3 ALA (alphaliniolenic acid)
DHA and EPA are better bc there are readily useable by body
7
Q
best soure of omega 3?
A
Farry fisg then falx and canola
8
Q
what type of fats are absorbed directly into blood stream?
A
short chain - <6C
medium chain - 6-12C
9
Q
waht type fo FA not naturally occurin in many foods? Who are these best for?
A
Medium chain FA -0 good for atheltes and seniors with malabsorption/ehalth issues
10
Q
explain how long chain FA are absorbed and transporte din blood?
A
packaaged into lipopritein (chylomciron) in GI epithelium, absordped intro lymph through alcreal, travels to left subclavian cein and into regular blood circualtion - chylomicron to fat cell where its too bigh to be absorbed so breaks down by enxyems into glycerol and FA which can be abrobed into cell by becoming triglcyerides and store in adipose
reminants liek cholesterol go back to liver and are recylceld into other lipproteins like VLDL which are released in blood
some more triglyc is dropped at fat cells and VLDL becomes LDL (low density - BAD chole)
Some LDL are taken up by apolipoprotein B on cells and metbaoized but there are limited receptors
soem also metabolized by HDL (agin limited)
Leftover LDL in blood oxidize on artery walls - CVD, hight BP, atherosclerosis
11
Q
waht is in a lipoprotein?
A
tricglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, protein
12
Q
where is the chylomciron carried before entering the blood stream?
A
lymph
13
Q
Once chylomicron is in blood where does it go? What happens here?
A
travels to fat and msucle cells where enzymes break it down into its parts
14
Q
what happens to glycerol and fatty acids once it is broken down from chylomicron?
A
turns back to triglyceride and stored in adipsoe tissue
15
Q
where do remenatns of chylomicron go
A
tot he liver
16
Q
in the liver what are the remenants of the chylomicron first formed into?
A
new lipoproteins caled VLDLs (very low dens..)
17
Q
what do VLDLs become?
A
release trygleceride into fat calles and become LDL *low densoty) bad cholesterol
18
Q
What happens to LDL’s in blood?
A
1) some taken up by apolipoprotein B on cells and metabolized - limited recpetors
20 some LDL metabolzied by HDL (good chole) - limited
3) remainder ozidizes on artery walls, CVD + high BP)
- this is wht long chain and very ling are bad!
19
Q
what can LDL’s be taken up by?
A
apolipoprotein B
20
Q
what increases HDL’s the most?
A
exercise and healthy eating
21
Q
is cholesterol an essential nutrient?
A
NO - body makes it naturally
22
Q
what is the portfolio diet?
A
developed to decrease choelstreol by having soluble fibre, nuts, plant sterols, sou protein daily
23
Q
what was portfolio diet created for?
A
decreasing cholesterol
24
Q
how much cholesterol for those at risk of CVD? for normal?
A
<300 not at risk and <200 is u are
25
how much trans fat should be included in diet
<1%
26
how many tbsp of fat per day
2-3
27
what is the omega 6:3 ration?
5:1 - 10:1
28
what % of diet should fat be from sat fat?
<10%
29
what % of total calories shoudl fat be?
<35%
30
issue with fat replaceres like olestra?
stope absorpoton fo vitamins
31
what is wronf w low/fat/fat free food? Fat replacers?
reaching unhealthy habits, added sugar
fat replacers banne din canada due to unpleasnat side effects
32
wagt is the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL?
<4:1 (total:HDL)
33
what types of oils can be heated higher?
saturated liek coconut oil/canola
34
where did the keto diet originate?
from epilepsy/demetnia/ahlzeimer
35
where are benfits in a very low carb keto diet? Up to how many year?
beenfits in certain clinical conditions (t2 diatbetes,o besity and epilepsY. Up to 2 years
36
do we have lots of data on keto diet?
no not a lot
37
what % of plate is carvs for keto diet? what about fat
60% fat, 5-15% carbs (<50g/day_
38
why is a low cho instake ketogenic
decreased insulin, increased lipolusis increase FFA and icnrease keton prodduction - ketons produced by liver
39
what happens to blood insulin in keto diet
decreases
40
Diabetes australia explained that keto diet can help ro is bad?
help
41
How does keot diet imapct CVD risk dactos
akk CVD risk factores improve except concentrattion of LDLs
42
keto diete therapy in what 3 conditions (not TII diabtes)
demential, epilepsy, cancer
43
what is reccomended alcohol intake per week?
2 drinks/week
44
how much beer is equal to wine is eaual ot hard lqiote
1202 beer =.6 oz wine = 1.5oz (hard liquoru
45
what is serving size of beer, wine, hard liqor
beer = 12 oz, qinw =6oz, hard liqour= 1.5 oz
46
how is alcohol digested/absorbed
diffsue thru stomachwall - incr usrin/dehydration. due to depressed ADH
47
hwo many kcal/gram od eneryt is alcohol
7
48
what enazyme breaks down alchol the msot
ADH (alcholdehydrogenase) (80%)
49
what is MEOS ? what does it contribute to?
Microsomal ethanol oxidizing
system (increases as more
alcohol ingested; contributes
to Iiver disease)
50
How much more alchol do women absorb then men why?
lower ADH levels, absorb 1/3 more and longer metabolize
51
acute health risk fo acl
mpaired judgment
* Emotional control
* Coordination/reflexes
* Vision
* Lack control
* Stupor
* Loss of consciousness
* death
52
what are some long term implciations of alc consumption?
speed syo synthesis of fatty acids - fatty liver
disrups nutrient absorptuoinbalance
impacts o2 to liver cells
sar tissue in the liver fribrosis
Ciirhoisis (liver cells die and lose funtion forver)
A metab. altered thus increased infection
* Blood lipid synthesis speeds up; trigylcerides
* Increases acid burden/uric acid......gout
53
waht is Cirrhoisis?
From alc - when liver cells die and lose function forever
54
can alcohol impacr ferilit/testosteron?
yes
55
what were the old reccos for drinking?
10/wk or 2/day for women but NEW is less than 2/week
56
what are some beenfits of chcolcate
some antiocidatns a,nd phytochemicals (flavanoids) releases endorphins, tastes greate for msot (psych health.)
contains stearic acid (type of fat) does not impact blood lipid
57
what are some health benftis to carob? does carob have caffeine?
carob does not have caffeein
B vitamins, iron, potasium, calciium, fibre,
cancer fighting phenols
May lower cholesterol (LDL)
*Natural alternative for anti-
anxiety
*Malty , caramel – like flavor
58
what does gut make and what is referred as
gut makes serotnin - second brain
59
what is gut key for?
immune + mental health
60
what is microbiota?
a collective term for the micro-organisms that live in or on the human body
61
what is microbiome
he entire habitat, including the
microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes,
fungi and viruses), their genomes (i.e., genes),
and the surrounding environmental conditions
62
are vitamins water or fat soluble?
btoh
63
which vitamins are water soluble?
C and B
64
what vitamins are fat soluble
ADEK
65
are vitamins organic or inorgonic - what does this mean?
organic - can be destroyed
66
waht are the two catefories of minerals and what does this mean?
major - >100mg/day, ?5g in adults body vs <5g
trace <100mg/day
- on nneed to know numbers
67
Are minerals inorganic or organic?
inroganic - cannot be destroyed
68
what is the differnce between rpimary and secondary deficiency?
primary - due to lack of intake
secondary - caused by a health issue preventing absorption
69
what is bioavailabilty? what is it dpendent on? examples?
Bioavailablity - are the biologicall availablet o be used in my body
DEPENDS ON - quanitity in foodm quanitty absorbed in body and usee dby body
examples - efficiency of digestion - toof ast no absorption
prev nutrient intake
food prep
soruce (natural, suntehtic, fotified) - could make synthetic sources better bioavailable by body
70
can u lose nutrient by boiling brocolli? Chopping fruit?
yes into water - yes to air.
71
What type of enviromenent prevent loss of nutrients?
dark and cold
72
which vitamin only comes from animal products?
B12
73
what are omega 3s indicated in/help with?
heart health, mental/brain health and decreased inflammation
74
what type of omega 3s are used in fortified foods? why not great
ALA's - body ahs to convery so DHA is better
75
what type of omega 3 in fatty fish? why good
EPA dn DHA - bodyd oesnt have to convert - readily sued
76
where are medium chain FA found and whoa re they good for? common sources
foudn naturally in food good for those with difestive issues like seniors, when needing quick energy (atheltes) are absorbed easily by body - cocnuts oil, MCT ol=il, palm
77
Explain process of long chain fa digestion and metabolism -
Absorbed into lymph through lacteal, travels to left subclavian vein and into regular blood circulation; delivers chylomicron to fat cell; it’s too big to be absorbed so it breaks down by use of enzymes to glycerol and FA which can be absorbed into cell; they reform into triglycerides and stored in adipose
78
waht types of fat can be heated - give example
stable fats like cocnuts not unstbale like flax or omega 3
79
what are some examples of high fat diets?
keto (low carb, high fat, mod protein)
paelo - whole foods related to ancient ancestores - high protein
80
what is lipogensis vs lipolysis
lipogensis - making fat out of fatty acids, excess amino ro glucsoe in lvier
lipolysis - breakdown of fat into energy
81
Whar are some pros and cons of high fat diets?
CON - too mcy fat = lipogensis = excess fat stoarge = weight gain, high bp, type II diabetes , heart disease cancer
pros - fat burnin/ewight loss due to ketosis, blood sugar/iunsuling control, mental, alhzeimers, depresssion..
82
does keto negatively imoact blood lipid levels? is it helpful for those w diabetes?
no, yes
83
what tyep of cholesterol is good HDL or LDL
HDL! 4:1 ratio - eveyr 4 cholesterol 1 should be HDL
84
What are some badic differneces between carob and choclate?
chocolate = falbanoids, endorphines, stearic acid - not impact blood lipid levels
carob - lower in dat, no caffein (better for anzity,
85
what are some functions of protein?
tructural, regulatory (hormones, acid base balance, water and electrolyte balance), contractile, immunological (antibodies), transport (hemoglobin, lipoproteins, sodium/potassium pump), energy, catalyst (enzymes)
86
how muych energy does protein supply - do we want to use protein for energy?
4kcal/g, goal is to not use it for energy
87
what are fucntions of AA
neurotransmitters, muscle
synthesis
88
what do all amino acids contain? (4 components0
carbon + amine group (w nitogen) +carboxyl acid + side chain (R)
carbon, amino, carboxyl group, R group (side chain)
89
are amino acids acid or basic
both
90
Protein are needed to make ____ in realtion to immunity?
antibodies
91
do proteins have negative or pos charge on surafce?
negative
92
how do protein balnce acid and bases
keep blood at certain pH - attract H+ to decrease acidity (as budders) release H+ if alkaline
93
how many amino acids do we have? how many essential?
20 - 9 are essential
94
what is a conditional/dispensible AA
AA depends on another essential AA for it to be made
95
what are the 4 levels of protein structure? Briefly describe.
primary - AA chain in a peptide chain polypeptide
secondar - AA chain coiled
tertiary - coilded chain tangled ul
quarternary - 2+ teritary polypeptides together - hemoglpbin
96
what is a polypeptide?
>10 AA
97
who si the "chef" of protein syntehsis
DNA
98
what is the cooks assembnly line/where is protein made/
ribosomes
99
what gets the "ingedients" in AA buoldoing and from where
tRNA
100
the ___ of AA determins the shape whcihd etermines the ___
sequence - function
101
if certain AA isnt vailable in patnry/pool wahat happens to protein syntheis?
protein sunthesi stops until missing AA is found
102
what is limiting AA
the missing Aa tha tstops protein suynthesis
103
once we digest protetin where does it go?
AA pool in body
* Used to build new proteins,
hormones, enzymes etc.
* Converted to other N
containing compounds
* Make non essential AA by
transamination
* Converted to glucose to use
as fuel (gluconeogenesis)
* Converted to trigycerides
and stored in adipos
104
whats it called when we make none essentail AA - amino group + keto acid
transamination
105
what 2 things can digested protein egt converted to?
glucose (gluconeogenesis) or triglycerides (stored in adipose)
106
is protein always being broken down? where?
yes in the liver
107
does body store protein lieik fat and glycogen
no - AA in pools are used, turned over, stored and excreted fast
108
what is AMDR for protein? what abotu in terms of body weight
typically 10-20% 1-1.2kg pe body weight
athletes - 1.2-2g/kg
109
old food gudie reccomends ____ of meats/alternatives
/day and ___ of dairy adn alternatie
2-3 and 2
110
up to ____ x requirement of protein is safe
2x
111
who might need more protein?
pregnant women, athletes, gowing kdis, sick ro trauma patien, low cal diets
112
What is nitrogen balacne? who might be in psoitve or negative N balance?
balance between nitrogen (mainly form protein) that eneter and exits body
Poos = body retains more than excretes - growth and tissue repair, bulding msucle recvoring form injury or pregnanat
ex: pregannt/body builder
Neg - body exretinf mroe than retain - break down, ilness, stavation, malnutrion, extreme physicl stress
sick/starving individual
113
what is kwashiorkor
protein is lacking
114
what is marasmus
Overall energy and
nutrients lacking
115
what are side efects of too mjuch protein
higher intak of sat fat and chole if intake is form animal = increased risk of CVD and cancer
kidney issues
bone health (incr urinary loss of calcium w increase protein)
dehydration
116
why s dehydration a side ffect of tot much protein
protein takes 7x more water to digest and emtabolie
117
what are ponetital health sisues with too much proteing?
heart diseas, osteopersosis, cancel, weight control, kidnet dideases,
118
what is ca ++/protein raiton 2
20:1
119
to deal w excess protein we use ____ which means and this makes____
deamination - removing nitrogen - makes ammonia and keto acids
120
ketos can be used for_____
makign non essentail fatty acids - transamination
121
ammonia + keto =
where? whta process?
non essentail AA - in liver thru transanimation
122
ammonia is toxic and combiens with ++ to make ___ les toxic
cobines with Co2 ro make urea
123
if too uch proten then bodyc ant meteablozie all the?
ammonia
124
max rate of prod of Urea by liver is?
250g
125
whlicer disease then blood ___ high
kidneu disease then ___ high
ammonia, creainine
126
what is protein qualtiy determined by?
of essentail AA and absorption
127
what prtein source is easiest to digest and absrob? what next
amila proteins (90%) then legumes (*0%)
128
do all animal soures have all essential AA
yes
129
What are complete protein and incompletes sources ?
xomplete animal proteins
incomplete - plant
130
hwo can we get all AA in plant proteins?
xombie. - eg 2 grains w legymes, nuts and seeds -pooreer quality - iuncomplete protein
131
what improves digestion of protein?
eat w other macronutrients, cook w moist heat
132
example of protein denatuiration
Cooking an egg: The heat causes the proteins in the egg white to denature, changing their shape and turning them from a clear liquid to a solid white.
Denaturation is often irreversible,
133
what are compelte proteins, incomplete an dcomplemenrary
complete - all nine essentail amino acid
incomplete - lacking some amino acids
compleementary - two or more incomplete proteins that, when combined, provide all the essential amino acids the body needs
134
i9t is true taht athletes NEED more protein to build msucle
NO - adequre ortein canbe met w usual reccos - tiins is critical esp for recoery
135
what is a risk of suppllementaion of protein?
AAs compete for absorption so if you
supplement with one or a few specific AA it
poses risk for not getting enough of the other
essential AA
omplete protein supplements are an option if someone low in protein or as just another source of protein, but supplementing with only some AA not recommended as they compete for absorption so then one would be low on other AA that may be needed for protein synthesis – food first approach!
136
how mych shoyld vegetariens increase protein by (%)
10%
137
heart disease risk if high ___due to.
if high homocysteine which can be high from high meat intake; link between high processed meat and cancer
138
you need ___mg calcium for every g of of protein
+20mg
139
what si weight loss due to w high protein?
weight control loss due to water loss
140
____ help to bufferin to nrpeent osteopersois
potassium
141
2 types of milk protein - whey protein - caseine
whey protein (fast absorbibng)
caseine (slow absorbing)
142
diet can reduce risk of depression by up to ___%
40
143
2 commons wya of treaint mental illness
CBT _ meds - nturition _ exercsie now maintstram option
144
wherea are tyrosine and tryptophan found? what do they do?
foud in poultry, dairy, popcorn, nuts, seeds soy - trigger prod of neutotranmitter , feleings of well being adn alertness
145
brain is ___ unst and __ is omega 3 and. 6
60% unsat fat - 25% iomega 3 an d 6
146
what does omega 3 do in brain?
Makes brain cell membranes more permeable making it
easier for the neurotransmitters serotonin and
dopamine to cross
147
___ regulates how calcoum si metabolized so if low triggers ___
eastorgen, mood swings
148
hwo does solubel fibre impact mood
stabilize BGL - thus no crashing and crankiness
149
what does oleic acid do? wher efound
found in olve oul, canla, almond, avo - icnrases availability of serotinin to brainneruons
pluphenols help neutons bind - connected brain to deal w daily stressors
150
what does vitamin c do in brain
repair brain cells - antioxidant + helps make neutotransmitters
151
what is an antiox and some examples?
An antioxidant is a substance that helps protect the body from damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage cells, proteins, and DNA, potentially leading to aging, inflammation, and diseases like cancer and heart disease.
Brain is prone to oxidative damage
This damage and neural inflammation contribute to poor meta ehealth
Eat ltos of fruits and veg
Iron, zinc and magnesium
Vital for neurotransmitter synthesis, myelination and mitochondria function
vitamin c, vitamin e, betacotene, selnium flavonoids
152
How do B viamins help mental health? where ar ehtey fouhnd
In spinach and romains -- help rpduce seratonin, dopamine, and noredraniline - B12 def linked to depression
153
what B vitmains make which are needed for neruttranmitters?
SAM - brain chemical
154
what is iron, zinc an dman=gnesium for in metnal health?
Vital for
neurotransmitter
synthesis,
myelination
155
what does vitamin D do inmental ehalth?
regulate brain
enzymes, protects
neurons from free
radical damage and
reduces neural inflammation
156
hwo is flusif intak eimrpotant for brain?
evehn 1% dehyration can impact cognitive fucntion, memory and focus,
157
issue w low carb diets?
The brain only runs on carbohydrates and it needs energy to think and carbohydrates impact key “feel good” neurotransmitters like seretonin
158
Definition of Therapeutic nutrition
applying healthful individual diets with their specific health issue in mind
159
What is MIND diet - what is good for?
Mediterranean + DASH - good for mental health - promotes brain healthy foods
limit butter, cheese, fried fast foods, red meats, sweets
160
___ and ___ shine in mental health
ypga and weight trianing
161
hydration is improtant for??
nutrient delivery
162
7 lifestyle habit to rpomtoe healthy brain
food, exrcsie, health check, avoid alc, enoguh sleep, read and study, meditaion
163
what is brain neuroplasticity?
efers to the brain's ability to change and adapt throughout life. It’s the process by which the brain forms new connections, strengthens existing ones, or reorganizes itself in response to learning, experiences, or even injury.
164
what vitamins are water soluble/fat
water - C and B
fat - adek
165
what is misleading about folate
oy and algae and nutritional yeast intake is misleading bc it is NOT
active form (may help a bit)
* Meat, fish, poultry, fortified cereals are good sources
165
which vitamins are antiox
A, C, E selenium
166
heme comes from __ non-heme form?
anaimal vs plans
167
whagt is water intake for males an dfemales
3.7L/day for males, 2.7L/day for females
168
sodium and potassium play role in ____
ater and
acid base balance
169
what can phytochemicals help with. which?
Cancer - hytoestrogens, lycopene
heart diseasse, - hytosterols (LDL oxidation), lignans (block cholesterol absorption),
lutein (eye heath)
170
what does resvertarol in red wine do?
helpw. blood thinning
171
3 components of salt reduction strategy for canada?
food manufacturers and personal use less; education, 2300 mg)
172
waht si bioavailbility?
Bioavailability refers to how much of a mineral the body can absorb and use from the food we eat. Even if a mineral is present in a food, the body might not absorb all of it.
173
what are some examples of inhbitors iof mineral absorption
hytates (found in grains, beans, and seeds): They can bind to minerals like iron, zinc, and calcium, making them less available for absorption.
Oxalates (found in foods like spinach, rhubarb, and tea): These can bind to calcium and reduce its absorption.
Tannins (in tea and coffee): They can reduce the absorption of iron from plant-based foods.
Calcium: Excessive calcium intake can inhibit the absorption of iron and magnesium
174
what minerals compete/
iron + calclijm
zinc + copper
magnesium + calcium
175
What supplement shoudlvegands take and why?
B12 - only from animals - or fotified milsk
176
difference between fortified and enriched
fortified - added not natirally occuring in food
enriched - adding back lost nutritent
177
what is only cure to obesity
Surgery!
* Addressing the social determinants of
health
* Weight inclusive society
178
how many kcal is one pouhnd
3500
179
what is differnce btween hunger satiety and appetite?
-Hunger - physiological drive to eat (hypothalamus)
Appetite - psychological drive to eat
satition/satiety - stretch receptors in stomach, CCK 9role of protein, fibre, hormone
180
___ acoutns for most of our energy out/metabolism. PA is ____
BMR - POA is 30-50% then thermogensis is 10%
181
what has the graest TEF (thermic efect of food)? alc, cho protein fat - order them
protein, then alc, then cho then fat
182
what os acotve hormone in FEASTING - what is feasting? what happens to CHO, lipids and protein?
active hormone is insulin - CHO to glycogen +_ fat
Lipids to fat stores
protein to body rpoteins, loss in urin, body fat stores
183
____ is active hormone in fasting
glcuagon
184
___ relases glucose during fasting
glycogen
185
how long does it tak for protein to AA to glucose to ketones?
24hrs toa. few days
186
during fasting apetite is supressed due to
ketosis
187
tips to gain weight
Energy dense
Meals and snacks
Liquids (juice, milk,
smoothies)
Larger portions
Night time
Build muscle
188
3 factors for succedul weight management?
Dietary modification
Exercise
Behaviour modification
189
what is leptin and what is Ghrelin? what does leptin decrease with
leptin - singal fulness =decreases with lack of sleepo
ghrelin - stimualtes feeling of hunger and increases when lackin in sleep
balance is key
190
what are 2 hromones critical in fullness?
ghrelinand ;eptin
191
hwo does ozempic work?
works by activation of GLP1 and decreases appetite
192
_____ % of dieter rgain weight lsot witihing 2 eyars making it unseuccesful
95%
193
what is food irradiation? does it add radiation to food?
Food irradiation is a process that uses ionizing radiation (a type of energy) to kill bacteria, parasites, and pests in food, and to extend shelf life by slowing down the ripening or sprouting of produce. -
preserves not radiation in food
194
greater risk for from not having furits and veg then. INcreased risk for ___
pesticides
- developing rbains
195
why coudl organic food be bad>?
Possibly more chemical
contaminants in organic
animal farms from dioxins
Research shows no dif. in
nutrient content of foods
196
Best practiced for food?
Buy local and close to home
Buy BC frozen
Farmers markets
Western and Cdn meat/fish/dairy products
Buy organic Cdn and US when on sale
(soft fruits and veggies)
Always wash produce!
Grow your own
197
food biotechnology.
Technically solving agricultural problems
and increasing crop yields
Pros and cons:
PROS
More nutrients in food in 3rdworld countries
Eliminating pesticide
residues
more crop yield on less
land
Crops to resist herbicides
and insects
CONS
Outcrossing “genetic
pollution; mixing with other
crops
Crowd out other crops
Terminator technology so
have to buy seeds every
year
Wildlife impact
Genetic blueprint of life
Consumer impact
Long term impac
198
what are teh 4 top GMo fodos in can?
Soy, canola, corn, sugar beet
199
What is food soverignity?
the right of people to healthy and culturally appropriate fodo produced thru ecolifically sound and sustainable methods and right to deifne theri own food and agriculture systems
200
food ___ si goal and food ___ is means to ger there
food secutit is goal, food soverignty is means to get there
201
what is planetary diet?
t emphasizes a plant-forward diet where whole grains, fruits,
vegetables, nuts and legumes comprise a greater proportion of
foods consumed. Meat and dairy constitute important parts of the
diet but in significantly smaller proportions than whole grains, fruits,
vegetables, nuts and legumes.
202
What is the biggest umrbella health risk to us right now?
cliomate
203
has indg canda food guide been updated?
no
204
indg pop lias indg can food guide been modified?
no
