Final Exam Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
Impressionism
A
captures fragmentary immediacy of human perception
not abstract, but lack detail. pretty
2
Q
Claude Debussy
A
1862-1918
French, frequented Parisian literary salons
3
Q
(Tone) Symphonic poem
A
1 movement
inspired from non-musical source
4
Q
Pentatonic scale
A
five-pitch scale
5
Q
Whole-tone scale
A
every interval is a whole step
6
Q
Modernism
A
ambiguous, encompassing innovations in early 20th century
7
Q
Avant-garde
A
favoring or introducing new and unusual ideas
8
Q
World War I
A
1914-1918
9
Q
World War II
A
1939-1945
10
Q
Exoticism
A
Emphasizes the “otherness” of foreign cultures, often with a romanticized or idealized lens
11
Q
Primitivism
A
imitates and emulates non-European cultures less developed
12
Q
Igor Stravinsky
A
1882-1971
Russian-born, famous in Paris, later an American citizen
13
Q
Rite of Spring
A
one of 3 important ballets of Ballet Russe
First performed in Paris, 1913: lead to riot
14
Q
choreography/choreographer
A
the sequence of steps and movements in dance
15
Q
ballet/ballet score
A
music accompanying the ballet performance
16
Q
block form
A
abrupt juxtapositions of different musical tableaux
17
Q
commission
A
sum of money paid to an artist to help create new work for specific occasion
18
Q
pizzicato
A
string-playing technique
plucking so hard that it snaps back
19
Q
extended techniques
A
Unconventional technique to produce unusual sounds or timbres
20
Q
neoclassicism
A
drawing inspiration from the past
21
Q
expressionism
A
brutal, distorted
alternate forms of beauty
22
Q
Arnold Schoenberg
A
1874-1951
Austrian Jewish
Vienna before USA
created atonality
23
Q
Atonality
A
dissonance, no tonic
not a style, genre or form
24
Q
Béla Bartok
A
1881-1945
Hungarian
use of ethnic music
25
ethnomusicology
academic discipline
study, collection and classification of non-Western music
26
historiography
academic discipline
27
tone cluster
chord that uses every pitch between two notated pitch
28
string piano
invented by Henry Cowell
reach inside opened piano to manipulate the strings
29
John Cage
1912-1992
American
guru of the avant-garde
beauty in sound
no high or low art, only sounds (loved them)
composer for percussion ensembles and prepared piano
advocate of aleatory
30
4'33"
1952
start a stop watch, sit and wait for 4 minutes and 33 seconds
31
What are the 3 things audiences were confronted with during 4'33"
- own expectations
- sounds
- themselves
32
percussion ensemble
ensemble of nothing but percussion
33
prepared piano
extended piano technique consisting of inserting objects between its strings
34
(aleatoric) chance music
music that contains random elements the composer or performer didn't plan
35
chance operations
Artistic technique based on random outcomes
36
graphic notation
unconventional written/printed manner of conveying musical ideas
requires heavy improvisation
37
Cathy Berberian
1925-1983
American
many avant-garde works written specifically for her
known for performing challenging avant-garde works
38
When was Stripsody published?
1966
39
fantasia
single movement, solo instrument
virtuosic, improvisatory, innovative
40
vocalise
virtuosic genre for solo voice
41
György Ligeti
1923-2006
Hungarian Jewish composer
create music for conventional instruments and ensembles that resemble the sounds and draw on the aesthetics of electroacoustic music
42
sound-mass composition
avoids conventional melody, harmony and rhythm
sliding and merging orchestral clusters
43
film score
original music specifically composed to accompany a film
44
two basic film score categories
underscoring (non-diegetic) and source music (diegetic)
45
four basic functions of movie music
establishes mood of scenes
character establishment/development
sets time and place
running counter to the action
46
leitmotif (movie music)
musical motives symbolizing a character, scene, idea.
47
Tan Dun
1957-present
Chinese
polystylistic, indeterminacy, internationalistic
briefly banned in China
48
pipa
traditional Chinese string instrument
49
polystylism
combining ensembles, genres and styles
50
quotation music
music using or referencing an existing melody or idea
51
collage/pastiche
combining or juxtaposing different musical elements, sounds, or styles to create a new composition
52
minimalism
in music, repetitive use of small amounts of sounds, rhythms, patterns
53
postminimalism
in music, light transparency while featuring more dynamism, complexity and medias
54
spiritual minimalism
minimalistic works with an emphasis on spirituality (sacred works)
55
Arvo Pärt
1935-present
Estonia
studied Medieval/Renaissance music
Spiritual minimalism works
56
Ellen Taafe Zwilich
1939-present
American
first women to win a Pulitzer Prize
57
monophony
single-line texture, or melody without accompaniment
58
imitative polyphony
A musical texture featuring two or more equally prominent, simultaneous melodic lines, those lines being similar in shape and sound.
59
non-imitative polyphony
two or more melodies being played or sung simultaneously at different times, with melodies being different
60
polyphony
the musical texture in which two or more melodic lines are simultaneously combined
61
homophony
a texture in which a single voice takes over the melodic interest
62
pointillism
in some modern music
individual notes or sounds are isolated and treated as discrete entities, creating a fragmented texture
63
micropolyphony
in sound-mass composition
individual intricate details lost due to complexity of sonic activity
64
aria
subgenre of monody (1 voice with accompany)
can be either an independent work or part of an opera or cantata. Such songs have a clear beat, often contain melismas, and words and phrases in the text are often repeated over and over for purely musical reasons.
65
lament aria
Poem expressing grief/regret/mourning
- featured a basso continuo
66
art song (lied)
Genre of song composed for solo voice with piano accompaniment
67
cantata
sacred or secular
Large-scale multi-movement vocal/instrumental genre typically consisting of 6-8 movements
68
chamber music
Small ensemble music appropriate for intimate settings
Not a genre
69
(Gregorian/plain) chant
Unaccompanied, monophonic music, without fixed rhythm or meter
70
character piece
A short romantic piano piece that portrays a particular mood
71
nocturne
subgenre of character piece
72
(solo) concerto
Multi-movement genre for single instrumental soloist and orchestra
73
concerto grosso
Group of solo instruments and a small orchestra
74
cycle (of art songs)
Group of songs connected by a general idea/story
75
double concerto (triple, ...)
Multi-movement genre for 2 (or more) instrumental soloists and orchestra
76
mass movement
Mass Proper and Mass Ordinary (Kyrie Eleison, Gloria in Excelsis, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei)
77
motet
Polyphonic choral work
78
music drama
an opera whose structure is governed by considerations of dramatic effectiveness, rather than by the convention of having a series of formal arias.
79
oratorio
Dramatic pieces on religious subjects
Performed by soloists, chorus and orchestra
80
opera
Drama presented in music
created in the wealthy Italian courts of Florence in approximately 1600
81
opera buffa
Comic ITALIAN opera using recitative and aria
82
opera seria
Serious ITALIAN opera using recitative and aria
83
piano trio
Piano, violin, cello
84
piano quintet
Piano and string quartet (2 violin, viola, cellist)
85
recitative
subgenre of monody (1 voice with accompany)
a song that imitates the rhythms and pitch patterns of natural speech (not very melodius)
86
Requiem Mass
"Mass of the Dead"
87
Singspiel
light/comic German opera using spoken dialogue (no recitative), arias duets and choral numbers
88
(solo) sonata
multi-movement genre for a solo instrumentalist and a basso continuo
or
multi-movement genre for a solo keyboard
89
string quartet
2 violin, viola, cello
90
suite
multi-movement collection of...
- dances
- individual programmatic movements published under a collective title
- excerpts from a larger multi-movement work
91
symphonic sketches
not really a genre
musical composition, usually for orchestra, that evokes a scene, mood, or idea rather than following a strict, formal symphony structure.
92
symphony
Multi-movement instrumental genre for orchestra alone
Usually has 4 movements
93
vocalise
Musical composition consisting of the singing of melody with vowel sounds or nonsense syllables rather than text
94
woodwind quintet
flute, oboe, clarinet, French horn and bassoon
95
ensemble of one instrument
solo
96
ensemble of two instruments
duet
97
ensemble of three instruments
trio
98
ensemble of four instruments
quartet
99
ensemble of five instruments
quintet
100
ensemble of six instruments
sextet
101
ensemble of seven instruments
septet
102
ensemble of eight instruments
octet
103
ensemble of nine instruments
nonet
104
Medieval Period
450-1450
105
Renaissance Period
1450-1600
106
Baroque Period
1600-1750
107
Classic Period
1750-1800
108
Romantic Period
1800-1900
109
Last style period of music history
20th & 21st Centuries
110
Two composers and a work from the Medieval Era
Hildegard von Bingen, Beatriz de Dia
"A chantar m’er de so qu’ieu non volri"
111
Two composers and a work from the Renaissance Era
Vicente Lusitano, Josquin des Prez
"Regina caeli"
112
Two composers and a work from the Baroque Era
Francesca Caccini, Johann Sebastian Bach
"Lasciatemi qui solo"
113
Two composers and a work from the Classical Era
Ludwig van Beethoven, Joseph Haydn
"Symphony No.5 in C minor"
114
Two composers and a work from the Romantic Era
Frédéric Chopin, Fanny Hensel
"Notturno in G Minor"
115
Two composers and a work from the 20th or 21st Century
Arvo Pärt, Tan Dun
"Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon"
116
Genre, ensemble, texture and language of "Regina Caeli". Which century and style period was it composed?
Lusitano, motet, SATB a cappella, imitative polyphony, latin sacred text.
homorhythm, imitative polyphony, clear text declamation
117
Genre, ensemble, texture and language of "Lasciatemi qui solo". Which century and style period was it composed?
Caccini, lament aria, soprano voice/lute/bass viol, homophonic, Italian.
melismas, basso continuo, instruments
118
Genre, ensemble, texture of "Symphony No.5 in C minor". Which century and style period was it composed?
Beethoven, symphony, orchestra, homophonic. 19th Century
Exposition-Development-Recapitulation
sonata form, four movement
some romantic elements too (no break between 3rd and 4th mvt, ends on C-major giving a positive message, etc.)
119
Genre, ensemble, texture of "Notturno in G Minor". Which century and style period was it composed?
Hansel, character piece, solo piano, homophonic. 19th Century.
chromaticism, expressive lyrical melody
120
Name a musician whose career was affected by their gender or race. What impacts did it have?
Fanny Hansel
conflicting impulses to authorship and social expectations for her high-class
conducted mostly in the private sphere, in her family home or private venues
overshadowed by her brother's public exploit
professional hopes extinguished early,
at 14 years old, her dad told her that music is an ornament for her, not a profession.
121
Composer, genre, ensemble, texture of "Pagodes".
Debussy, character piece (published as part of a cycle), solo piano, polyphonic.
pentatonic scale (inspired by Javanese gamelan music)
chromatic, rhythmically free, pedal tones
122
Composer, genre, ensemble, texture of "Vieille priere bouddhique".
Boulanger, secular cantata, tenor soloist/chorus/orchestra, homophonic
A-B-A form
sets an ancient Buddhist prayer for peace
123
Composer, genre, ensemble, texture of
"Sonatas and Interludes for Prepared Piano, 1st Interlude".
Cage, interlude, solo piano, polyphony
124
Composer, genre, ensemble, texture of
"Sonatas and Interludes for Prepared Piano, Sonata No.5".
Cage, sonata, solo piano, polyphony
125
Composer, genre, ensemble, texture of "Stripsody".
Berberian, fantasia, solo voice, vocal monophony
126
Composer, genre, ensemble, texture of "Lux Aeterna".
Ligeti, sound-mass composition, 16-part a cappella singers, micropolyphony.
atonal
sacred text from funeral Mass (neoclassicism)
127
Composer, genre, ensemble, texture of "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon".
Dun, film score, solo cello/orchestra/percussion ensemble, monophony
polystylistic: western ensemble and genres combined with Chinese instrument
128
Composer, genre, ensemble, texture of "Ghost Opera".
Dun, suite, string quartet/pipa/water/stone/paper, polyphony
129
Composer, genre, ensemble, texture of "Summa".
Pärt, Credo, a cappella SATB, mostly homophony (some polyphony)
postminimalism/spiritual minimalism style
sacred latin text
130
Composer, genre, ensemble, texture of "Concerto Grosso 1985".
Taaffe Zwilich, concerto grosso, flute+oboe soloists/orchestra/harpsichord, homophony
neoclassic, quotation music in style
palindrome in form
post-tonal in harmony
131
diegetic music
within the action, heard by the characters
132
non-diegetic music
outside the action, for the audience only
133
Composer, genre, ensemble, texture of "Cantus in memory of Benjamin Britten".
Pärt, symphonic poem, string orchestra/bell, densely polyphonic
postminimalistic, neoclassicism in style
134
Composer, genre, ensemble, texture of "A chantar m’er de so qu’ieu non volri".
Comtessa de Dia,
