Final Exam Flashcards by Mea Love

Woodrow Wilson wished to keep the United States ___ at the outbreak of World War
I primarily because he wanted to arbitrate among the combatants and to influence the
settlement of the war

neutral

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On January 31, 1917, Germany announced that it was resuming ____
warfare

unrestricted submarine

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The ______ of early 1917 was an intercepted message from the German
government to the Mexican government, inviting the latter to join Germany in war
against the United States with the promise of regaining Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona

Zimmermann telegram

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In its major initial contribution to the war effort in World War I, the United States
secured the safety of the seas for _____ and U.S. troop transport

Allied shipping

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In the course of the turmoil that shook Russia in the midst of World War I, the newly
established Bolshevik government gave up extensive territories in Russia’s western
borderlands in return for peace with ____ in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Germany

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By 1915, the ___ consisted of Great Britain, France, Russia, Japan, and Italy

Allied Powers

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By 1915, the ____ consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and
Bulgaria

Central Powers

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President Wilson’s postwar plan for European recovery and cooperation was known as the

Fourteen Points

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The outbreak of World War I was the culmination of a European crisis that began when a
Bosnian recruited by Serbian terrorists assassinated the heir to the throne of ____

Austria-Hungary

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During the _____ of 1919, northern cities recorded twenty-five bloody race
riots that killed over 250 people

“Red Summer”

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When Warren G. Harding stated that America needed to return to ___, this suggestion
inspired widespread fear of outsiders, an end to reforms for broad social justice, and an
opportunity to enjoy the growing national prosperity

“normalcy”

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A generation of young women who expressed their new freedoms in dress and lifestyle, as
well as becoming the symbols of the revolution in morals, were commonly called ___

flappers

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The most celebrated aeronautical hero of the 1920s was ____, who was the
first person to fly solo across the Atlantic

Charles Lindbergh

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The ____ was a group of disillusioned American writers in the 1920s who
wrote some of the most effective literature during this time of a unique, prosperous, and
discontented moment in American history and literature, several lived in Europe to escape the
commercialism in the United States

“Lost Generation”

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The mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North, as they
searched for new job opportunities, is often referred to as the ___

Great Migration

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The celebration of African American cultural awareness, including literature, art, and music is known as the _____

Harlem Renaissance

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_____ rejected integration with white America, focused on self-help and self-
determination, promoted African nationalism, and founded the Universal Negro Improvement
Association

Marcus Garvey

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____ and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian-born anarchists who were tried in the
midst of the anti-immigrant hysteria sweeping the country in 1921 and later executed in 1927
despite their numerous appeals and suspected innocence

Nicola Sacco

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The Scopes Trail saw public opinion support that defense attorney ____ had gotten the better of prosecutor William Jennings Bryan in the arguments

Clarence Darrow

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The 1924 ____ restrictions created deep tensions between the United States and the countries of China and Japan

immigration

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When Coolidge decided not to seek reelection, the presidential race in 1928 was between
Republican Herbert Hoover and Democrat ____

Al Smith

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General Douglas MacArthur was the U.S. Army Chief of Staff during the ___
March and removal of 1932

Bonus Army

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In 1931, nine African American boys were falsely accused of raping two white women
and sentenced to death in ____

Scottsboro, Alabama

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A _____ occurred when a large number of individuals or investors withdrew money
from a bank due to fears of the bank’s instability, with the ironic effect of increasing the
bank’s vulnerability to failure

bank run

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Hoover’s vice-president ____ was a member of the Kaw Tribe and became the country’s first Native American to hold so high an elected office

Charles Curtis

Hoover signed into law the ____ Act in June of 1930. The law raised tariffs on thousands of imports, which was intended to increase sales of American-made goods, but predictably angered foreign trade partners who in turn raised their tariffs on American imports

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

In hard-hit Oklahoma, thousands of farmers packed up what they could and walked or drove away from the land they thought would be their future. They, along with other displaced farmers from throughout the Great Plains, became known as ____

“Okies”

In the early days of the Great Depression the Chairman of the American Red Cross ___ contended that unemployment was not an “Act of God” but rather an “Act of Man,” and therefore refused to get involved in widespread direct relief efforts

John Barton Payne

In 1929, New York Governor ____ was the first to institute a Department of Welfare in their state

Franklin Roosevelt

____ occurred on October 29th, 1929

“Black Tuesday”

In 1932, as conditions worsened, Hoover eventually relaxed his opposition to federal relief and formed the _____, setting aside $2 billion in taxpayer money to rescue banks, credit unions, and insurance companies

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

The goal of the ____ Act of 1933 was to raise farm income mainly through federal subsidies and cutbacks in production

Agricultural Adjustment

Former governor of Louisiana ____, advocated his “Share Our Wealth Society” during the 1930s

Huey Long

Wealthy businessmen would have been most likely to support Republican ____ in the presidential election of 1936

Alf Landon

This spending program accorded with the theories advocated by ____, argued that government intervention could smooth out the business cycle through deficit spending and the manipulation of interest rates

John Maynard Keynes

Father ___ was Michigan’s “radio priest” and founder of the national Union

Charles Coughlin

Created in 1933, the ____ provided jobs in national parks, national forests, and other federally owned lands. After initial anxieties, it was an extremely popular program. By the time it was disbanded in 1942, 500,000 men between the ages of 18 and 25 had passed through it

Civilian Conservation Corps

The section of the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 that obligated employees to bargain with labor unions approved by a majority of employees. When the Supreme Court declared the NRA unconstitutional, Congress re-enacted ____ as the Wagner Act of 1935

Section 7a

Name given to the federal program that beginning in 1935, provided pensions for the elderly. Federal old age pensions were not in the New Deal’s original plans; the Democratic Party established ___ because of the popularity of an unrealistic pension plan advocated by Dr. Francis Townsend of California

Social Security

President Roosevelt’s ___ chats were particularly important because they enabled him to explain complex issues in plain language

fireside

The Glass-Steagall Act created the Federal ____ Corporation

Deposit Insurance

____ was the first woman to become part of a president’s cabinet

Frances Perkins

Known as the ____ March, it was the forced march in 1942 of 10,000 American and Filipino prisoners of the Japanese. Their contempt for soldiers who surrendered resulted in deliberate starvation, beating, and even murder of the men

Bataan Death

A military operation of unprecedented scale in assembling a massive force of soldiers, weapons, and a transportation fleet for the invasion of western Europe in World War II. Operation ___ culminated in D-Day, June 6, 1944 on the beaches of Normandy

Overlord

The ____ was the code name given to the huge, expensive, secret development of the first atomic bomb. It began in three locations in 1939 with hundreds of scientists

Manhattan Project

Commander of the Seventh and later the Third Army in Europe in World War II, General ____ was probably the best American battlefield commander

George Patton

General ____ served as the supreme allied commander of the Pacific theatre from 1942-1945

Douglas MacArthur

_____ on August 6th and ____ on August 9th, 1945 became the first and only cities to date to have been attacked with atomic bombs

Hiroshima, Nagasaki

German Field Marshal ___ was known as the “Desert Fox” and was forced later in the war to commit suicide for his support of the overthrow/assassination of Adolf Hitler

Erwin Rommel

Small family gardens, dubbed ____ gardens, when the federal government promoted them as a contribution to the war effort during World War II

victory

The Battle of ___ was the turning point of the war in the Pacific

Midway

____ Camps housed over 100,000 Japanese Americans during the war

War Relocation

From 1941-1945, the Soviet Union was led by ____, Great Britain’s leader was _____ and the president of the United States was Franklin Roosevelt and were collectively known as the “big three” allies

Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill

After World War II, the only nation that could rival the United States was the ___

Soviet Union

According to the policy of ____, as laid out by George Kennan, the U.S. was committed to preventing the spread of communism

containment

On December 1, 1955 police arrested ___, for refusing to give her seat on a bus to a white person

Rosa Parks

In 1949, ___ led a successful communist revolution in China

Mao Zedong

_____ broke the color barrier in major league baseball in 1947

Jackie Robinson

In March 1965, the Reverend Hosea Williams and ____ organized a voting rights march from Selma to Montgomery, where the Alabama police beat the marchers with whips, nightsticks, and cattle prods

John Lewis

____ argued the case Brown v. Topeka Board of Education on behalf of the NAACP before the U.S. Supreme Court in 1954

Thurgood Marshall

When Birmingham police chief ____ used nightsticks, high-pressure hoses, and attack dogs on civil rights protestors there was a wave of revulsion globally

Eugene Connor

Cuban revolutionary leader ____ came to power on January 1, 1959

Fidel Castro

The _____ committed the United States to fighting communism anywhere

Truman Doctrine

In order to pursue his goal of using American influence overseas only when it was a moral imperative, Wilson put which man in the position of Secretary of State?

William Jennings Bryan

Why was the German use of the unterseeboot considered to defy international law?

they refused to warn their targets before firing

Which of the following was not enacted in order to secure men and materials for the war effort?

The Sedition Act

What of the following was not used to control American dissent against the war effort?

National Civil Liberties Bureau

Why did the war not increase overall prosperity?

Which of the following did not influence the eventual passage of the Nineteenth Amendment?

What was Article X in the Treaty of Versailles?

Which of the following was not included in the Treaty of Versailles?

Which of the following was not a destabilizing factor immediately following the end of the war?

What was the inciting event that led to the Chicago Race Riot of 1919?

Which of the following films released in 1927 was the first successful talking motion picture?

The popularization of ________ expanded the communications and sports industries.

radios

Who was the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean?

The Scopes Monkey Trial revolved around a law that banned teaching about ________ in public schools

Which man was both a professional baseball player and an influential evangelist during the 1920s?

The popularization of which psychologist’s ideas encouraged the new morality of the 1920s?

Which amendment did Alice Paul promote to end gender discrimination?

Which novel of the era satirized the conformity of the American middle class?

Who was the Republican presidential nominee for the 1920 election?

In 1929, Albert Fall was convicted of bribery while holding the position of ________

Coolidge’s presidency was characterized by ________

Which of the following is a cause of the stock market crash of 1929?

Which of the following groups would not be considered “the deserving poor” by social welfare groups and humanitarians in the 1930s?

Which of the following protests was directly related to federal policies, and thus had the greatest impact in creating a negative public perception of the Hoover presidency?

Which of the following groups or bodies did not offer direct relief to needy people?

Which of the following hardships did African Americans not typically face during the Great Depression?

Which of the following was not a key factor in the conditions that led to the Dust Bowl?

Which assessment of Herbert Hoover’s presidency is most accurate?

Which of the following phrases best characterizes Herbert Hoover’s foreign policy agenda?

Which of the following best describes Roosevelt’s attempts to push his political agenda in the last months of Hoover’s presidency?

Which of the following policies did Roosevelt not include among his early ideas for a New Deal?

Which of the following was not a policy undertaken by the NIRA?

What type of help did the CWA provide?

Which of the following statements accurately describes Mary McLeod Bethune?

The Social Security Act borrowed some ideas from which of the following?

What was the first New Deal agency to hire women openly?

The United States Senator who led the noninterventionists in Congress and called for neutrality legislation in the 1930s was ________

During World War II, unionized workers agreed ________

The program to recruit Mexican agricultural workers during World War II was the _______

Which of the following demands did the Soviet Union make of Britain and the United States?

Which of the following islands had to be captured in order to provide a staging area for U.S. bombing raids against Japan?

Truman referred to his program of economic and social reform as the _______

Which of the following pieces of Truman’s domestic agenda was rejected by Congress?

What was the policy of trying to limit the expansion of Soviet influence abroad?

The Truman administration tried to help Europe recover from the devastation of World War II with the _______

The name of the first manmade satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, was ________

The first Levittown was built _______

The disc jockey who popularized rock and roll was ______

The NAACP lawyer who became known as “Mr. Civil Rights” was _______

The Arkansas governor who tried to prevent the integration of Little Rock High School was _______