Final exam Flashcards
(25 cards)
Temporal relationship
thing A precedes thing B
coherence
consistency of findings
plausibility
relationship is not explained by another variable
pluarality of causes
most effects have multiple causes
what is the gold standard for interventions
experimental designs
what type of experiment is used for testing of nursing interventions and outcomes
Quasi-experimental
difference between experimental and quasi experimental
quasi-experimental doesn’t use a randomly assigned control group
pre-test vs post-test
post-test only collects data after the intervention, pre-test collects it before and after
what is a factorial design
manipulation of two+ factors simultaneously and can test more than one hypothesis at the same time
what is a crossover design
both groups have an intervention and control, however in what order is randomized
what is a time series design
no control or randomization, collects data at multiple points over an extended period
what is a retrospective descriptive design
describes a phenomenon of interest, uses past data to explain what happened but not why
what is a descriptive cross-sectional correlational study
takes data from one point of time and tries to correlate - both have different variables of interest
what is a sampling error
difference between population mean and the mean of a sample
what is systematic variation
consequence of selecting participants whose measurement values differ from those from the population
what is a stratified method of sampling
diving your populations into subgroups, (strata) typically due to proportion of their population - random samples selected from each stratum
cluster sampling
population is divided into groups and random sample of the clusters selected
simple random sample
every element has the same chance of being chosen - most representative
systematic sampling
units are selected from the population at a regular interval
convenience samples
participants selected based on convenience of the researcher based on availability
quota sampling
stratified but the selection of participants are not random
what is power analysis
used to determine how big the sample should be
operationalization
theoretical meaning of the underlying concept
direct meausres
attribute or phenomenon is directly visible or accessible
