FInal Exam Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is a System?
A system is a collection of interacting elements organized to achieve a purpose.
Examples include the human heart (natural system) and an artificial heart (man-made system).
What does System Function refer to?
Function = Purpose of the system (e.g., lawn mower: cut grass).
What are the elements of a system?
Elements can include:
* hardware
* software
* humans
* data
* processes
* materials.
What is the Operating Environment in a system?
Everything that interacts with the system but is not part of it.
What is a System Boundary?
Separates internal system elements from the external environment.
What are Subsystems?
A system within a system that performs specific tasks.
What is Systems Thinking?
A holistic approach to understanding systems.
What is Systems Engineering (SE)?
An interdisciplinary approach to realize successful systems, emphasizing customer needs and lifecycle considerations.
Define Interface in the context of systems.
Connection point between elements.
What is Interaction in systems?
Mutual influence between components.
What does Dependency mean in systems?
One element relies on another.
What are the stages of the System Life Cycle?
Stages include:
* Planning
* Design
* Production
* Use
* Maintenance
* Retirement.
Who are Stakeholders in a system?
Anyone affected by or interested in the system.
What are Customer Needs in systems engineering?
Needs = ‘Voice of the customer.’
What is the difference between Verification and Validation?
- Verification: ‘Did we build it right?’
- Validation: ‘Did we build the right thing?’
What is Industry 4.0?
The Fourth Industrial Revolution focusing on interconnectivity, AI, automation, and real-time data.
List the stages of the Evolution of Industry.
Stages include:
* 1.0: Manual labor → steam engine
* 2.0: Electricity, assembly line
* 3.0: Digital electronics and automation
* 4.0: IoT, cyber-physical systems, big data.
What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?
A network of connected devices that collect and exchange data.
What role do Sensors play in IoT?
Sensors detect and respond to physical inputs (e.g., temperature, pressure).
What are Common Sensor Types?
Common types include:
* Temperature (Thermistors, RTDs, Thermocouples)
* Humidity (Capacitive, Resistive, Thermal)
* Pressure
* Proximity
* Level
* Accelerometers
* Gyroscopes
* Gas Sensors
* Infrared
* Optical.
What is the difference between Analog and Digital Sensors?
- Digital: Outputs binary values (on/off)
- Analog: Continuous signal values (e.g., 0-10 V).
What is Data Acquisition?
The process of sampling sensor data and converting it to digital values.
What is an Engineering Model?
A simplification of reality via equations.
Define Simulations.
Imitation of real-world behavior, used when analytical solutions are too complex.
