Final Exam

Question 1

What are the 3 core functions of public health

Answer 1

Assessment, policy development, and assurance

Question 2

What are the differences between primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention?

Answer 2

Primary prevents, secondary minimizes, and tertiary reduces and rehabilitates

Question 3

Assessment

Answer 3

The way a public health agency collects, organizes, analyzes, and makes available information about the health of a community

Question 4

Policy Developpment

Answer 4

Using scientific knowledge to develop a strategic approach to enhance the community’s wellbeing

Question 5

Assurance

Answer 5

Making sure essential health services are available for all

Question 6

What caused the most increase in life expectancy in the 19th century?

Answer 6

Nutrition, housing, sanitization, occupational health, and safety

Question 7

What are social determinants of health?

Answer 7

The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age. Ex. socioeconomic status (education, income, and occupation)

Question 8

What are the different levels of the socioecological model?

Answer 8

Individual, Interpersonal(social), Institutional(organizational), Community (neighborhood), Policy (society)

Question 9

Allostatic Load

Answer 9

The cumulative physiological wear and tear on the body due to stress

Question 10

What are the three leading causes of infant mortality?

Answer 10

Congenital malformations, preterm birth, and sudden infant death syndrome

Question 11

What are the risk factors for the causes of infant mortality?

Answer 11

drug use, folic acid, sleeping on stomach

Question 12

Glaucoma

Answer 12

Pressure the causes damage on the optic nerve

Question 13

Age related macular degeneration

Answer 13

breakdown of light sensing cells in the macula

Question 14

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 14

high blood sugar causes damage to tiny blood vessels in the retina

Question 15

What is the key function of the CDC?

Answer 15

oversees epidemiology services as well as the discovery of new diseases and how it may impact the overall public health

Question 16

What is the key function of the NIH?

Answer 16

helps with conducting and supporting medical research

Question 17

How does public health operate on the state vs local level?

Answer 17

Responsibility of city or county governments. funded by tax dollars, grant dollars, & fees (sliding scale)

State laws mandate many services;
Examples: restaurant inspections, reporting of
certain communicable diseases, birth & death
certificates

Question 18

Whats the difference medicare and medicaid?

Answer 18

Medicare cares, medicaid helps

Question 19

What is a cohort study?

Answer 19

A group of people is followed over time to observe the development of health outcomes and risk behavior

Question 20

What is the main difference between a cohort and a experimental study?

Answer 20

Typical experiment asks: Is the intervention associated with the outcomes?

Question 21

What is the function of an IRB?

Answer 21

oversee protecting human participants, making sure research is ethically acceptable

Question 22

What is an infectious disease?

Answer 22

caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, parasites, or viruses, that enter the body, grow, and
multiplies there

Question 23

What is the chain of transmission?

Answer 23

pattern by which an infectious
the disease is transmitted from person to person

Pathogen, reservoir, method of transmission, susceptible host

Question 24

What are the different methods of transmission of infectious disease?

Answer 24

1.Water/food
2. Direct contact
3. Aerosols (droplets)
4. Objects(fomites)
5. Vector (animals or
insects that transmit
a pathogen)

Question 25

What is epidemiology?

Answer 25

Study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in populations

Question 26

Whats the difference between incidence and prevalence?

Answer 26

Prevalence- Total burden of existing and new cases in a population Incidence- Burden of new cases in a population

Question 27

Who is the father of epidemiology?

Answer 27

John Snow

Question 28

What are the top 5 causes of death in the U.S

Question 29

What is atherosclerosis and what are its risk factors?

Answer 29

hardening of the arteries Fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in walls of the artery

Question 30

What were the public health approaches to decreasing cigarette consumption?

Answer 30

raised the age to buy tobacco from 18 to 21, taxes, ads

Question 31

What's the difference between BMI and waist-to-hip ratio?

Answer 31

BMI uses weight and height

Question 32

What is the clean Air Act?

Answer 32

The Clean Air Act of 1970 is the primary federal law governing air pollution -Established strict air quality standards -Mandated reduction of automobile and factory emissions -Requires monitoring of the criteria air pollutants

Question 33

What is the Clean Water Act?

Answer 33

Clean Water Act of 1972 authorized the EPA to set surface water quality standards by requiring a permit

Question 34

What is the role of the EPA?

Question 35

Give an example of climate change mitigation and adaptation

Answer 35

Reducing the cause and reducing the impact