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Youth Crime and Justice > Final exam > Flashcards

Final exam Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Adjudication

A

Trial/hearing stage for juveniles. Hear evidence, bifurcated, beyond reasonable doubt. Similar rights as adults.

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2
Q

Aging-out

A

Reduced frequency of criminal behavior as they age

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3
Q

Bloods

A

People. Red, five pointed star, Adidas, left

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4
Q

Blueprints

A

1996, evaluated the evaluations

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5
Q

Chivalry hypothesis

A

low female crime and delinquency rates are a reflection of the leniency with which police treat female offenders (20% of arrestees, 5% of inmates)

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6
Q

Cliques

A

small groups of friends who share intimate knowledge and confidences

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7
Q

Concurrent jurisdiction (waiver)

A

Prosecutor has discretion of filing charges for certain offenses

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8
Q

Crips

A

Folk. Blue, six pointed star, pitchforks facing down, right

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9
Q

Creaming

A

Private institutions choosing clientele, choose lowest risk

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10
Q

Cyberbullying

A

Willfull and repeated harm inflicted through internet social media sites or electronic communication methods

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11
Q

Deinstitutionalization

A

shifting from detention centers to community-based solutions for youth

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12
Q

Delinquency

A

participation in illegal behavior by a minor who falls under a statutory age limit

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13
Q

Detached street workers

A

social workers who go out into the community and establish close relationships with juvenile gangs with the goal of modifying gang behavior to conform to conventional behaviors and help gang members get jobs and educational opportunities

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14
Q

Disposition

A

Sentencing. predisposition investigation, which disposition is in best interest of child, aids in developing a treatment.

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15
Q

Diversion

A

Halting juvenile justice proceedings and referral of that person to a treatment or program that the person be released. Keeping them away from court, effectiveness varies.

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16
Q

Equipotentiality

A

Nurture perspective. Everyone is born equal, with the same risk and likelihood. Environmental factors.

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17
Q

Gangster disciples

A

Folk. Blue/black, 6 pointed star/crown, pitchfork facing up

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18
Q

Guardian ad litem

A

a court-appointed representative, typically an attorney, who investigates facts and makes recommendations to the court on behalf of a child’s best interests in family law cases

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19
Q

In loco parentis

A

“in place of parents,” used to signify that parents have given a person or institution all of the rights to behave, act, and be and act as a parent, discipline

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20
Q

Intake

A

Screening of cases, informed meeting, admission of guilt. Determines jurisdiction. Outcomes may be: send home, divert to social agency, petition to juvenile court, petition to hold youth in detention

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21
Q

Judicial waiver

A

Hearing, judge determines jurisdiction

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22
Q

Latin kings

A

People. Gold/black, 5 pointed star/crown, pitchfork facing down, hispanic

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23
Q

Masculinity hypothesis

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A

view that women who commit crimes have biological and psychological traits similar to those of men

24
Q

Middle-class measuring rods

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A

Teachers evaluating students from their own middle class standards

25
Mood disorder
Prevailing emotional mood is distorted or inappropriate to the circumstances
26
Parens patriae
"king as father," English common law, government step in as "parent"
27
Petition
complaint filed -> recommend petition, competed by prosecutor to initiate process, indictment
28
Problem behavior syndrome
tendency to engage in multiple forms of delinquent behaviors, youths who abuse drugs are maladjusted, emotionally distressed, and have many social problems
29
Protective factor
decreases likelihood of delinquency (married parents/nuclear family, stable household and income, etc.)
30
Relative deprivation
perception of unfairness and being disadvantaged that may increase likelihood to engage in delinquency
31
Restitution
Payment. Reimburse victim ,service to victim, assist in community service
32
Restorative Justice
Balance needs of victim, offender, and community by repairing harm done
33
Retribution
revenge, eye for an eye
34
Risk factor
increases likelihood of delinquency (separated/single parent, unstable income, etc.)
35
School to prison pipeline
disproportionate tendency of minors and young adults from disadvantaged backgrounds to become incarcerated
36
Social capital
connections to accomplish goals, relationships
37
Status offense
Behavior that is illegal, solely due to them being a minor
38
Statutory exclusion
automatically waived to adult court
39
Turning points
events that can cause delinquents to refrain from offending (marriage, employment)
40
Vice Lords
People. Black/gold, 5 pointed star/crown, pitchforks facing down, playboy
41
Waiver
Concurrent, excluded (automatically to adult court), judicial
42
Widening the net
unintended consequence of diversion programs and other interventions, resulting in more youth being drawn into the system rather than fewer
43
Breed v Jones
No double jeopardy, can't be tried in both adult and juvenile court for same charge
44
Fare v Michael C
juvenile's request for probation officer does not invoke 5A protection against self-incrimination
45
In re Gault
Prank phone call, sentenced to 6 years of reform school. Extended Kent to all juveniles.
46
In re Winship
Larceny. Standard of proof changed to beyond reasonable doubt.
47
Ingraham v Wright
reaffirmed rights of schools to use corporal punishment
48
Kent v US
Rape/robbery. No procedural protections -> same rights if part of adult court
49
McKeiver v Pennsylvania
No right to jury trial
50
Roper v Simmons
No death penalty
51
Tinker v Des Moines
Arm band protest. Students have freedom of speech unless it disrupts the operation of the school
52
Deterrence theory
threat of punishment will deter criminal behaviors
53
Developmental/life-course theory
influences throughout life that may impact likelihood of committing crime
54
General strain theory
Goal is to achieve economic success, the American dream. Turn to crime. Inability to achieve goal, something good is taken away, something negative is added
55
General theory of crime
lack of self control is the result of crime
56
Social control theory
individuals are less likely to commit crimes if they have strong social bonds
57
Social disorganization theory
Crime rates are higher with places of weak social structures and institutions. Collective efficacy.

Youth Crime and Justice (5 decks)

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