Final Exam Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
Vladimir Propp
A
Outlined 31 plot elements that appear in a consistent sequence in folktales
- Character roles: the hero, the villain, the donor, the helper, the princess, the dispatcher, the false hero
2
Q
Joseph Campbell
A
- wrote the Hero w/ a Thousand Faces
- developed the concept of the hero’s journey
- 17 stages
- 3 major stages: Departure, Initiation, Return
- psychological and symbolic significant of myths
- promoted the idea that myths serves as metaphors for human experience
3
Q
The Monomyth (Hero’s Journey)
A
- creator: Joseph Campbells
- Introduction: Hero w/ a Thousand Faces
- universal narrative structure in myths and stories cultures
- 3 main stages broke into 17
*Departure - the call to adventure, refusal of call, supernatural aid, crossing the first threshold, belly of the whale
*Initiation - road of trials, meeting the goddess, women as temptress, atonement w/ the father, apotheosis, the ultimate boon
*Return - refusal of return, the magic flight, rescue from without, crossing the return threshold, master of two worlds, freedom to live
4
Q
Perseus
A
- son of Zeus and Danae
- was supposed to be prevented but Zeus snuck in
- was supposed to die by being thrown in a chest but was saved
- was the hero who killed Medusa
- had help form the gods
*Athena: polished shield
*Hermes: a sword and winged sandals
*Graeae: gave him Hades’ helm of invisibility
-used the shield to block her gaze and the sword to cut her head off - obtained Pegasus from killed Medusa
- Legacy
*Founded the city of Mycenae
*considered an ancestor of Heracles
5
Q
Danae
A
- gave birth to Perseus
- Polydectes wanted to marry her but she refused, he saw Perseus as a problem, sent him on a dangerous quest
6
Q
Acrisius
A
- was twins w/ Proetus and ruled over Argos
- was the father to Danae and grandfather to Perseus
- was given the prophecy that his grandson would kill him
- prophecy was fulfilled when Perseus killed him during a sporting event
7
Q
Polydectes
A
- king of Seriphos
- took in Danae and Perseus after they were sent away from Argos
- loved Danae but she rejected him
- hostile towards Perseus and sent him on a mission that would likely get him killed
- was turned to stone by Perseus after he returned and found out he had mistreating his mother
8
Q
Medusa
A
- one of three gorgons but was the only mortal one
- she had snakes for hair and could turn people to stone
- she was killed by Perseus when he cut her head off
- from her blood Pegasus and Chrysaor were born
- her head can still be used as a weapon since it retained its power
9
Q
Heracles
A
- son of Zeus and Alcmene
- hated by Hera but his name meant “glory of Hera”
- Hera tried to kill him and caused him to go insane, in his insanity he killed his wife and children
- for him killing his family he had to complete 12 tasks
*Nemean Lion, killing the hydra, capturing the golden hind of Artemis, cleaning the Augean stables, capturing the boar, driving away the birds, stealing the mares of Diomedes, taking Hippolyta’s girdle, capturing Geryon’s cattle, stealing apples, capturing the dog from the underworld - was poisoned by his wife who thought it a love potion
- after he died he became a god and married Hebe
10
Q
Megara
A
- was the daughter of the King Creon
- married to Heracles as a reward of defending Thebes
- had children w/ Heracles
- her children and her were killed by Heracles in his fit of insanity
11
Q
Eurystheus
A
- was the King of Tiryns and later Mycenae
- was a descendant of Perseus
- Hera sped up his birth so he would be king not Heracles
- viewed as cowardly and petty
- was the one who watched over Heracles tasks
12
Q
Deianira
A
- daughter of king Oeneus and Athena
- second wife of Heracles and is the one who ended up killing him
- she thought she was giving him a love potion but ended up poisoning him
- she was overcome w/ guilt and took her own life
13
Q
Theseus
A
- Greek hero of Athens
- son of Aegeus
- killed the Minotaur
- Used a ball of thread to find his way out of the Labyrinth
- United Attica under Athens
- friend of Heracles
- Journeyed to the Underworld (Heracles had to rescue him)
- forgot to change his sails when coming home and his father took his life thinking his son was dead
14
Q
Aegeus
A
- king of Athens
- Possible father of Theseus
- Husband of Medea
- Names Theseus his successor
15
Q
Ariedae
A
- princess of Crete
- falls in love w/ Theseus
- gives Theseus ball of thread
- Abandoned by Theseus on trip back to Athens
16
Q
Minotaur
A
- half-man and half-bull
- Born from a curse
*born from the Queen of Crete and a sacred bull, the curse is from Poseidon - name means Bull of Minos
- Lived in Labyrinth
- fed on human sacrifices
- sent in seven young men and women every nine years
- killed by Theseus
17
Q
Labyrinth
A
- built by Daedalus
- commissioned by King Minos
- located under the palace
- designed to be inescapable
- home of the Minotaur
- sent troops in every 9 years
- Theseus navigated it with a ball of thread
- was a prison for Daedalus and Icerus
18
Q
Daedalus
A
- father of Icerus
- imprisoned in Labyrinth
- build wings from wax
- settles in Sicily
19
Q
“Medea”
A
- Greek tragedy
- written by Euripides
- details revenge of Medea
- 5th century BC
20
Q
Jason
A
- leader of the Argonauts
- raised by Chiran
preforms 3 tests for the Golden Fleece - steals the Golden Fleece
- married Medea and had two kids
21
Q
Medea
A
- falls in love w/ Jason
- gives Jason magic ointment
- drugs serpent guarding the fleece
- murders her children by Jason
22
Q
Golden Fleece
A
- fleece of Golden Ram that saves Phrixus and Helle
- stolen by Jason
- symbol of kingship
- guarded by serpent
23
Q
Argonauts
A
- help Jason w/ Golden Fleece
- 12 heroes total
- sail on the Argo
- Flee to Iolcus
24
Q
Sophoues
A
- wrote 3 plays in Theban Saga
*Antigone
*Oedipus the King
*Oedipus at Calonus - 495-405 BC (classical period)
- tragedy writer
25
"Oedipus the King"
- Greek tragedy
- written by Sophoues
- 429 BC
- Fare vs. Free will
26
Oedipus
- Second king of Thebes after solving riddle give by Sphinx
- fated to kill his father and marry his mother
- unknowingly kills his father Laius
- married his mother Jocasta
- once he found out about his real parents he blinds himself and Jocasta kills herself
27
Laius
- father of Oedipus
- first king of Thebes
- husband to Jocasta
- killed by Oedipus
28
Jocasta
- Queen of Thebes
- mother of Oedipus
- wife of Oedipus
- hangs herself
29
Tiresias
- seer of Thebes
- turned from women to man
- consulted by Odysseus
*tells Oedipus he killed his father
30
The Seven Against Thebes
- 7 champions of Argive army
- lose to Theban champions
- led by Adrestus
Only Adrestus survives
31
Thebes
- main focus of Theban Saga
- falls under plague during Oedipus' reign
divided after Oedipus dies
- A king during Theban Saga
32
Eteocles
- 3rd king of Thebes
- son of Oedipus and Jocasta
- brother of Polynices
- killed in combat by Polynices
33
Polynices
- 3rd king of Thebes
- son of Oedipus and Jocasta
- brother of Eteocles
- killed in combat by Eteocles
34
Crean
- 4th king of Thebes
- brother of Jocasta
- gives Eteocles proper burial
- denies Polynices proper burial
35
Antigone
- daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta
- buries Polynices
- dies by starvation
- Niece to Crean
36
Homer
- Greek poet
- wrote Iliad and Odyssey
- might not be real
- blind
37
"Iliad"
- major source of Trojan War
- 750 BC
- written by Homer
- Wrath of Achilles
- Greek epic
38
Trojan War
- war between Greeks and Trojans
- 10 years long
- last seen in Iliad
- might not be real
39
Time
- means honor or recognition
- central value for Greek heroes
- short-term
- shown through material rewards
public recognition was essential
40
Kelos
- concept of heroic code
- means glory
- long-term/eternal
- poetry and tomb
- public recognition
41
Priam
- king of Troy
- father of Hector and Paris
- husband of Hecuba
- reconciles w/ Achilles
42
Hector
- best Trojan hero
- prince of Troy
- son of Priam
- husband to Andromache
- kills Patraclus
- dies from Achilles
43
Paris
- prince of Troy
- son of Priam
- kills Achilles
- coward
- had chose Aphrodite as prettiest goddess
- died during war
44
Achilles
- best Greek hero
- main character of Iliad
- best friend (+ lover) of Patroclus
- kills Hector
- Killed by Priam
45
Agamemnon
- Greek commander
- brother of Menelaus
- sacrifices daughter
- clashes w/ Achilles
- killed by wife Clyremaestra
46
Menelaus
- king of Sparta
- former husband of Helen
- brother of Agamemnon
- duels Paris
47
Helen
- daughter of Zeus
- married to Menelaus, then Paris
- blamed for the war
- queen of Sparta
48
Ajax the Greater
- second-best Greek hero
- duels Hector
- has a big shield
- kills himself
49
Trojan Horse
- causes fall of Troy
- Odysseus' idea
- supposed offering from Athena
- hides Greek heroes
50
Aeschylus
- Greek tragedy
- 525-426 BC
- first tragedian
- former soldier
- wrote Orestia trilogy
51
"Orestia"
- source for Mycenaean Saga
- trilogy of 3 tragedies
concerns House of Atreus
- Agamemnon, Libetion Bearers, Eumeanides
52
"Agamemnon"
- first of Orestia trilogy
- Aeschylus' masterpiece
- concerns Agamemnon's return
- justice and revenge
53
Tantalus
- king of Lydia
- Ancestor of House of Atreus
- serves his son to the Gods
- endless punishment in underworld
54
Pelops
- son of Tantalus
- served to gods
- dies, revived, gets ivory shoulder
- marries Hippodamia
55
Atreus
- son of Pelops
- brother of Thyestes
- served Thyestes' children to him in stew
- become king of Mycenae
- cursed by Thyestes
56
Thyestes
- son of Pelops
- brother of Atreus
- seduces Atreus' wife
- cursed the House of Atreus
57
Clytemnestra
- wife of Agamemnon
- plots w/ Aegisthus
- murders Agamemnon and his lover Cassandra
- rules Mycenae w/ Aegisthus
58
Aegisthus
- son of Thyestes
- cousin of Agamemnon
- plots with Clytemnestra
murders Atreus
59
"Odyssey"
- source for legend
- Greek epic
- talks about Odysseus' return
- Nostos (homecoming)
60
Odysseus
- most clever Greek hero
- designs Trojan Horse
- husband to Penelope
- father to Telemechus
61
Penelope
- husband is Odysseus
- mother Telemachus
- faces 100 suitors
- faithful
62
Telemachus
- son of Odysseus
- guided by Athena
- loyalty
- legacy
63
Circe
- goddess
- lover of Odysseus
- turns crew into pigs
- sends Odysseus to underworld
64
Calypso
- falls in love w/ Odysseus
- offers him immortality
- 7 years of refuged
65
Polyphemus
- cyclops, son of Poseidon
- traps crew in cave
- blinded by Odysseus
curses Odysseus
66
Xenia
- hospitality
- protected by Zeus
- she protected Odysseus home while he was away
67
Nostos
- homecoming
- theme of Odyssey
- earn your return
68
Vergil
- Roman poet
- Republican and Imperial
- wrote Aeneid
- wanted Aeneid burned
69
"Aeneid"
- masterpiece of Roman literature
tells legend of Aeneas
- Roman epic
- embodies pietas (duty to gods)
70
Aeneas
- originally Trojan
- son of Venus
- lays foundation of Rome
- Fate vs Free will
71
Anchises
- father of Aeneas
- Prince of Troy
- dies to Polyphemus
- link between Troy and Rome
72
Iulus
- son of Aeneas
- ancestor of Julien line
- next generation of Rome
- community
73
Dido
- Queen of Carthege
- falls for Aeneas
- sleeps with Aeneas in cave
- curses Aeneas
- kills herself
74
Turnus
- king of Rutulines
- Aeneas steals his girl
- leads Italian army
- killed by Aeneas
- kills Pallas
75
Livy
- Roman historian
- Republican and Imperial period
- friend of Augustus
- tutor of Claudius
- wrote Ab Urbe Condita
76
Ab Urbe Condita
- source for Roman kings legend
- written by Livy
- Roman historiography
- moral decline
77
Romulus
- suckled by Lupa
- name sake of Rome
- brother of Remus
- kills Remus
- first king of Rome
- creates the senate
78
Remus
- brother of Romulus
- suckled by Lupa
- killed by Romulus
- son of Mars
79
Tarquinius Superbus
- 7th/last king of Rome
- Tyrant
- son rapes Lucretia
- catalyst for cell of Roman monarchy
80
Lucretia
- Roman noble women
- raped by Sextus Tarqunius
- kills herself
- martyr of Roman virtue
