Final Exam

Question 1

Earth’s surface winds are caused by air moving from a region of ______ to _______.

Answer 1

high pressure; low pressure

Question 2

The steepest part of the continental shelf is known as the ___________.

Answer 2

Continental slope

Question 3

Geostrophic currents result from

Answer 3

Balance between gravity and Coriolis effect

Question 4

Lithogenous sediments come from:

Answer 4

Erosion of land

Question 5

Ocean salinity is an average _________. Salinity is ________ than average at the equator because of ____________.

Answer 5

35; lower; precipitation

Question 6

Sedimentation rates reach maximum levels along:

Answer 6

Close to the continental slope

Question 7

A temperature of 3.98oC in freshwater indicates:

Answer 7

Maximum density of water

Question 8

The dependable surface winds centered around 15o N/S latitudes are called:

Answer 8

The trade winds

Question 9

The large oceanic surface current gyre centered at about 30°N:

Answer 9

Rotate clockwise

Question 10

The main driving forces behind ocean circulation are:

Answer 10

Temperature and wind.
Gravity and wind.
Salinity and temperature.

Question 11

The Principle of Constant Proportions in seawater means that:

Answer 11

Major ion ratios are constant

Question 12

Water is unusual because it is less dense as a solid than a liquid. This is important for marine organisms because:

Answer 12

A layer of ice insulates organisms beneath it.
If ice were denser than liquid water, the oceans would freeze from the bottom and leave no available space.

Question 13

A phytoplankton bloom is most likely to occur if

Answer 13

Mixing depth is within the photic zone

Question 14

All cnidarians share all of these features except one:

Answer 14

Complete digestive track with mouth and anus

Question 15

Nitrogen fixation is performed at sea by?

Answer 15

Diazotroph bacteria

Question 16

Planula is the name given to:

Answer 16

Coral larvae

Question 17

Most cnidarians are specialized as:

Answer 17

Mixotrophs

Question 18

A fish that lives in saltwater but reproduces in freshwater is:

Answer 18

Anadromous

Question 19

Each of the following is a domain EXCEPT:

Answer 19

Animalia

Question 20

Organisms having a shell made of silica (SiO2)?

Answer 20

Diatoms

Question 21

All sponges share one of these features:

Answer 21

Specialized shells such as Choanocytes

Question 22

Mangroves belong to one of the following groups:

Answer 22

Flowering plants

Question 23

Mangroves live in coastal waters that:

Answer 23

Are well protected from strong wave action

Question 24

One organism typical of the upper intertidal on rocky shores:

Answer 24

Periwinkles

Question 25

One particular feature found in bony fishes but absent in cartilaginous fishes:

Answer 25

Swim bladder

Question 26

Pneumatophores are used for:

Answer 26

Aeration of plant tissues

Question 27

Which are examples of chemosynthetic pathways that yield energy for the organism to build organic matter?

Answer 27

Oxidizing H2S to SO4

Question 28

Wave size is affected by the amount of open water, or ______________, that winds blow over:

Answer 28

Fetch

Question 29

The Eckman spiral occurs as a result of:

Answer 29

Wind

Question 30

The youngest seafloor rocks are found:

Answer 30

Near the rift valleys of the mid-ocean ridges.

Question 31

The figure shows a Hjulstrom diagram. Select the statement that best describes the letters on the diagram (A,B, and C).

Answer 31

A → A current speed of 100 cm/sec will transport clay but not erode it., B → Sand is eroded at speed less than 100 cm/sec., C → Coarse sediment requires current speed higher than 100 cm/sec. to be eroded

Question 32

Density of seawater increases as

Answer 32

Salinity increase and temperature decreases.

Question 33

Density is defined as the amount of _________ contained in a unit of volume.

Answer 33

Mass

Question 34

The greatest disturbing force creating waves is?

Answer 34

Wind

Question 35

Upwelling causes

Answer 35

Nutrient-rich zones

Question 36

Which of the following accurately describes a western boundary current?

Answer 36

Poleward flowing, fast, narrow, deep.

Question 37

Extreme variation in the oceans temperature is prevented by the waters

Answer 37

Heat capacity

Question 38

There are ____ main circulation cells in each hemisphere of the Earth.

Answer 38

3

Question 39

The Portuguese explorer who first attempted to circumnavigate the world in the early 1500's was:

Answer 39

Magellan

Question 40

A tide pattern of one high and one low each day describes a?

Answer 40

Diurnal tide

Question 41

Algae are classified by?

Answer 41

Color of photosynthetic pigments

Question 42

An algal bloom is defined as?

Answer 42

Mass reproduction of algal cells

Question 43

An example of a jawless fish:

Answer 43

Hagfish

Question 44

Generally the dominant group of planktonic primary producers in cold water are?

Answer 44

Diatoms

Question 45

On the average, what percentage of energy in a particular trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level?

Answer 45

10%

Question 46

One distinctive feature of all echinoderms:

Answer 46

Water vascular system

Question 47

Only part of this organism's life cycle is spent as a member of the plankton community?

Answer 47

Meroplankton

Question 48

Osmoconformers survive changes in salinity by:

Answer 48

Allowing the salinity of their body fluids to vary with that of the surrounding water.

Question 49

Scavengers are organisms that:

Answer 49

Feed on carcasses

Question 50

Sessile organisms are part of the:

Answer 50

Benthos

Question 51

Spring tides are caused by:

Answer 51

Gravitational attraction of the moon and the sun when in line.

Question 52

The following is not an example of autotrophic plankton:

Answer 52

Copepods

Question 53

The group of vertebrates containing the largest number of species:

Answer 53

Fishes

Question 54

One of these is more important than the others as a limiting resource for primary production in open ocean waters.

Answer 54

Nutrients

Question 55

Deposit-feeding animals feed on:

Answer 55

Organic matter that settles on the bottom (Detritus)

Question 56

The __________ is a countercurrent heat-exchange structure present in the __________ of some fish species that prevents metabolic ________ to scape into the surrounding environment.

Answer 56

rete mirabile; red muscle; heat

Question 57

Continued catches above the maximum sustainable yield:

Answer 57

Will result in overfishing

Question 58

Coral reefs are productive environments because.

Answer 58

There is tight recycling of nutrients within corals and among benthic invertebrates. The reef functions as a habitat attracting biomass from adjacent regions.

Question 59

Drowned river mouth estuaries were formed when:

Answer 59

The ocean invaded lowlands and river mouths.

Question 60

Fish obtain oxygen from the water through their gills using?

Answer 60

Countercurrent circulation

Question 61

Fringing and barrier reefs develop:

Answer 61

Along the coast in tropical waters

Question 62

In an estuary, salinity of the water increases as;

Answer 62

One move towards the "mouth" of the estuary

Question 63

The term trophic refers to:

Answer 63

Feeding

Question 64

Temperature in the deep-sea abyssal plain:

Answer 64

Is seasonally and spatially very stable.

Question 65

The "by-catch" is the name given to:

Answer 65

Unwanted species that are caught while fishing for more valuable species.

Question 66

The following structure is mainly involved in maintaining or regulating buoyancy in marine fish:

Answer 66

Gas bladder

Question 67

The high biomass adjacent to hydrothermal vents depends upon the release of what compounds from the vents?

Answer 67

Sulfides

Question 68

The intertidal zone is the area:

Answer 68

Between the low and high tide

Question 69

The oxidation of inorganic molecules such as hydrogen sulfide into carbohydrates is called?

Answer 69

Chemosynthesis

Question 70

Trawls are nets that:

Answer 70

Dragged along the bottom

Question 71

Which best describes the primary producers on hydrothermal vents?

Answer 71

Bacteria

Question 72

One of the following characterizes bony fishes in general:

Answer 72

Presence of an operculum

Question 73

Eutrophication is a type of pollution caused by excess of:

Answer 73

Nutrients