Final Exam

Question 1

What is imperialism?

Answer 1

When larger countries take over weaker countries

This concept involves political, economic, and social dominance.

Question 2

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

Answer 2

An uprising in China against the westerners in 1900

It was fueled by anti-foreign sentiment.

Question 3

Who was Theodore Roosevelt?

Answer 3

Leader of the Rough Riders and commissioned for the Panama Canal to be built

He later became the 26th President of the United States.

Question 4

Who was George Dewey?

Answer 4

Commander of the Pacific Fleet who fought the battle of Manila

His victory was pivotal during the Spanish-American War.

Question 5

What happened at the Battle of San Juan Hill?

Answer 5

Rough Riders and Buffalo Soldiers went to San Juan and destroyed the Spanish fleet in Santiago Bay

This battle was a key victory in the Spanish-American War.

Question 6

What is Manifest Destiny?

Answer 6

Belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent

This ideology justified westward expansion in the 19th century.

Question 7

What is yellow journalism?

Answer 7

News reporting, often biased or untrue, that relies on sensational stories and headlines

It played a significant role in shaping public opinion during the Spanish-American War.

Question 8

What is a canal?

Answer 8

Waterway; Panama Canal connects the two main oceans: Pacific and Atlantic

It was completed in 1914, facilitating maritime trade.

Question 9

Who was William Seward?

Answer 9

“Seward’s Folly”; he was the Secretary of State who brokered the deal with Russia to buy Alaska for 2 cents an acre

This acquisition was initially criticized but later valued for its resources.

Question 10

What is a sphere of influence?

Answer 10

An area where a nation had special trading privileges

This concept was often used in the context of foreign relations in Asia.

Question 11

What is a protectorate?

Answer 11

A nation whose independence is limited by the control of a more powerful country

This arrangement often leads to economic and political dependency.

Question 12

What is isolationism?

Answer 12

A policy of staying out of world affairs

This was a prominent stance for the United States prior to World War I.

Question 13

What was the Treaty of Kanagawa?

Answer 13

A treaty between Japan and the United States that opened up ports to American trade in Japan in 1854

This marked the end of Japan’s isolationist policy.

Question 14

What were the Rough Riders?

Answer 14

A military unit organized by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish American War

They were known for their charge up San Juan Hill.

Question 15

What is the Great White Fleet?

Answer 15

Steam powered ships of the enlarged and modernized American Navy

This fleet was sent on a world tour to showcase American naval power.

Question 16

What is expansionism?

Answer 16

Extending the nation’s boundaries

This concept was a driving force behind American foreign policy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Question 17

What is an isthmus?

Answer 17

Narrow strip of land with water on both sides connecting to large lands

The Isthmus of Panama is a key geographical feature for maritime navigation.

Question 18

What did José Martí want to do?

Answer 18

He was a revolutionary who started a newspaper to spread Cuban independence and fought for Cuban independence from Spain

Martí is considered a national hero in Cuba.

Question 19

What were the causes of the Cuban War for independence?

Answer 19

Cuba wanted independence from Spain; revolutionaries burned crops; the US sent Maine to protect Americans

These factors contributed to rising tensions leading to war.

Question 20

What were the causes and the effects of the Cuban War for independence?

Answer 20

Causes: Cuba wanted independence from Spain. Revolutionaries burned crops; the US sent Maine to protect Americans
Effects: Spanish- American War

This war resulted in the US gaining territories such as Puerto Rico and Guam.

Question 21

What happened during the sinking of The Maine?

Answer 21

It was sent to Cuba to protect America interest there. An explosion on the ship on Feb. 15, 1898, killed 254-266 Americans ( came from inside the ship)

The cause of the explosion remains debated, but it heightened calls for war.

Question 22

What was the cause and effect of the Spanish-American War?

Answer 22

US interest in Cuba and Caribbean ($), Maine Explosion, yellow journalism

These factors contributed to the outbreak of the war in 1898.

Question 23

What were the effects of the Spanish-American War?

Answer 23

5000 Americans died of malaria, yellow fever, etc.; Spain gave Cuba its freedom; Spain gave the US Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines; Cuba wrote its own constitution but agreed to the Platt Amendment.

The war resulted in significant territorial gains for the United States and marked a turning point in its foreign policy.

Question 24

What influence did Alfred T. Mahan have on the U.S. Navy?

Answer 24

Mahan persuaded Congress to build a larger navy with more bases overseas in case of war.

Mahan’s ideas emphasized the importance of naval power for national strength.

Question 25

What were the reasons for building the Panama Canal?

Answer 25

The canal would help American commerce and military capability; reduce shipping costs; make it quicker between the two oceans. ## Footnote The canal significantly shortened the maritime route between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Question 26

What is 'Seward's Folly'?

Answer 26

William Seward helped to buy Alaska from Russia. He was made fun of but Alaska was full of natural resources . ## Footnote Initially criticized, Seward's purchase was later seen as valuable due to Alaska's natural resources.

Question 27

What is the Age of Imperialism?

Answer 27

1870-1914 when Europeans seized control of economic and political affairs of weaker countries all over the world. ## Footnote This period was characterized by expansionism and colonialism.

Question 28

What was the Open Door Policy?

Answer 28

This protected American trading rights in China and allowed any nation to trade in the spheres of other nations. ## Footnote The policy aimed to ensure equal trading rights for all nations in China.

Question 29

Who was Emilio Aguinaldo? What did he do?

Answer 29

He led the Filipinos during their war for independence against the U.S. ## Footnote Aguinaldo was a key figure in the struggle for Philippine independence.

Question 30

Name three reasons for imperialism. And explain each reason.

Answer 30

* Economic reasons: raw materials from a colony. * Spread religion and culture. * Competition between nations. ## Footnote These reasons reflect the motivations behind imperialist policies.

Question 31

Why did the U.S. want to annex Hawaii?

Answer 31

Hawaii had rich soil, a warm climate, and plenty of rainfall. Good for farming. ## Footnote The annexation of Hawaii was driven by agricultural interests and strategic military considerations.

Question 32

From which country did Panama win its independence in 1903?

Answer 32

Columbia. ## Footnote The U.S. played a significant role by supporting Panama's independence movement.

Question 33

How was the U.S. involved in Panama gaining its independence?

Answer 33

Roosevelt sent the USS Nashville to Panama. ## Footnote This military presence was meant to deter Colombian forces and support the Panamanian independence movement.

Question 34

Which lands did the United States acquire as a result of the Spanish-American War?

Answer 34

* Puerto Rico * Guam * Philippines ## Footnote These territories expanded U.S. influence in the Caribbean and the Pacific.

Question 35

Under what amendment did Cuba have to allow the U.S. to intervene in its affairs?

Answer 35

Platt Amendment. ## Footnote This amendment was a condition for the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Cuba after the Spanish-American War.

Question 36

What is the definition of Capital?

Answer 36

Money invested in a business venue ## Footnote Capital is essential for starting and running businesses.

Question 37

What does Stock refer to?

Answer 37

Share of ownership in a company ## Footnote Stocks represent a claim on a company's assets and earnings.

Question 38

What does it mean to Evoke?

Answer 38

To call forth ## Footnote Evoking can refer to bringing memories or feelings to mind.

Question 39

What is the Stock Market?

Answer 39

A market for stocks around the country ## Footnote The stock market allows investors to buy and sell shares of publicly traded companies.

Question 40

What does Initial mean?

Answer 40

To place or find in the beginning ## Footnote Initial refers to the starting point of something.

Question 41

Who is referred to as an Okie?

Answer 41

A migrant agricultural worker from Oklahoma in the 1930s ## Footnote Okies often moved to California in search of work during the Great Depression.

Question 42

What is a Tariff?

Answer 42

A tax on foreign goods brought into the country ## Footnote Tariffs are used to protect domestic industries from foreign competition.

Question 43

Define Agriculture.

Answer 43

The science or art of cultivating the soil, producing crops, and raising livestock for human use ## Footnote Agriculture is crucial for food production and economic stability.

Question 44

What are the First hundred days?

Answer 44

President Roosevelt's first three months in office ## Footnote This period was marked by significant legislative activity aimed at addressing the Great Depression.

Question 45

What is Unemployment?

Answer 45

The involuntary idleness of workers ## Footnote Unemployment can lead to economic hardship for individuals and families.

Question 46

What is a Drought?

Answer 46

A shortage of water that hurts plants, animals, and energy production ## Footnote Droughts can have severe impacts on agriculture and the economy.

Question 47

What does Reform mean?

Answer 47

To improve by change of form or removal of faults ## Footnote Reforms are often implemented to address social or economic issues.

Question 48

What is Recovery?

Answer 48

Process of recovering especially an economic upturn ## Footnote Economic recovery is essential for restoring employment and growth.

Question 49

Name at least two causes of the Great Depression.

Answer 49

* The stock market crash of 1929 * Overproduction of goods by farmers * Risky loans by banks * Buying stocks on the margin ## Footnote These factors contributed to the economic collapse in the late 1920s.

Question 50

How did the Great Depression affect American society?

Answer 50

People lost jobs and life savings, in debt and homeless, banks closed ## Footnote The social fabric was severely impacted by widespread economic hardship.

Question 51

What was 'Black Tuesday'?

Answer 51

The day the stock market crashed, October 29, 1929 ## Footnote This event marked the beginning of the Great Depression.

Question 52

How did Hoover and Roosevelt respond differently to the Great Depression?

Answer 52

* Hoover: did not feel it was his duty to interfere, implemented public works programs (Hoover Dam) * Roosevelt: made the new deal to help the economy recover ( CCC, TVA, FDIC) ## Footnote Their differing approaches reflected contrasting philosophies on government’s role in economic crises.

Question 53

What was the New Deal?

Answer 53

A series of programs created during the first hundred days of FDR's administration to help recover the economy ## Footnote Included programs like the CCC, TVA, and FDIC.

Question 54

What was the Dust Bowl?

Answer 54

It was a time when the Great Plains experienced drought and severe soil erosion caused by storms of dust. ## Footnote Significantly impacted agriculture and the livelihoods of many farmers.

Question 55

Who was Huey Long and what were his political ideas?

Answer 55

He worked for the poor of LA. Nicknamed the Kingfish and he did the «  share our Wealth » program which took money from the rich to give to the poor. ## Footnote His program aimed to redistribute wealth from the rich to the poor.

Question 56

What was the Smoot-Hawley Act?

Answer 56

IMPORTANT a- THE SMOOT HAWLEY ACT WAS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE GD AN ACT WHICH RAISED US TARIFFS TO LEVELS. HISTORICALLY HIGH!!!!! b- Purpose to increase protection of our farmers against foreign imports. ## Footnote Aimed to protect American farmers from foreign imports.

Question 57

What caused the stock market crash of 1929?

Answer 57

Stock prices peaked in the 1920s. From 1920-1929 stock more than quadrupled in value. Many investors became convinced that stocks were a sure thing and borrowed heavily to buy more. In 1929 the bubble burst and stocks headed down. ## Footnote Stock values quadrupled from 1920-1929.

Question 58

What is a famous quote by FDR?

Answer 58

"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself."

Question 59

What was the Bonus Army? Did they receive it?

Answer 59

A group of 20,000 WW1 veterans who marched in Washington D.C. to try and get their wartime bonus early ( not till 1941) they didn’t receive it. ## Footnote They did not receive their bonus until 1941.

Question 60

What are Hoovervilles? And how did they get their name?

Answer 60

Shantytowns named after President Hoover, because the people blames him for not doing enough to stop the Great Depression ## Footnote Named because many blamed Hoover for not addressing the economic crisis.

Question 61

Why was there mass unemployment during the Great Depression?

Answer 61

Job losses led to decreased consumer spending, causing businesses to close and creating a vicious cycle ## Footnote This cycle exacerbated the economic downturn.

Question 62

Why were Okies not wanted in California?

Answer 62

Residents feared they would lose their jobs ## Footnote 'Okies' referred to migrants from Oklahoma seeking better opportunities.

Question 63

Explain the new deal

Answer 63

It was during the first hundred days of FDR’s administration when congress met for 100 days of law making creating a new series of new program.