Final Exam Flashcards
(165 cards)
1
Q
Sacraments
What are the Sacraments of Healing?
A
- Penance or Reconciliation (Confession)
- Anointing of the Sick
2
Q
Confession - Penance - Reconciliation
What is Transgression?
A
breaking trust / promise
-> it is a sin
3
Q
Confession - Penance - Reconciliation
What is Iniquity?
A
behavior that is crooked
e.g. related to money
-> it is a sin
4
Q
Confession - Penance - Reconciliation
What is Sin in the bible?
A
the most common “bad” word
5
Q
Sin
What does Khata mean?
A
it is Hebrew for sin
-> “to fail” or “to miss the goal”
6
Q
Sin
What does Hamartia mean?
A
it is Greek for sin
-> “error of judgement”
7
Q
Sin
What is Hamartia according to Paul?
A
Power / Force that rules Humans
8
Q
Sin
What is Sin in the Bible?
A
the failure to fulfill a goal
9
Q
Sin
What do we learn in Page 1 of the bible?
A
that God created man in his image
-> we are worthy of respect
-> sacred beings who represent the creator
10
Q
Sin
What is sin?
A
failure to love god and others
11
Q
Sin
How do we fail to love others?
A
by not treating them with the honor they deserve (as made in god’s image)
12
Q
Sin
How should we treat people?
A
as written in the code of conduct given to the Israelitis
-> 10 Commandments
13
Q
Sin
What are the 10 Commandments separated in?
A
ways of failing to love god and ways of failing to love people
14
Q
Sin
How is failing God connected to failing people?
A
sin is a failure to be truly human
-> sin against people IS sin against God
15
Q
Sin
Why are people such bad judges of moral failure/success?
A
we easily deceive ourselves and spin illusions to redefine our bad decisions as good ones
-> e.g. King Saul chasing David, trying to kill him, thinking he brings justice.
16
Q
Sin
What did Saul realize when chasing David?
A
that he is the corrupt part
“I have sinned, I am the failure” - Samuel 26:21
17
Q
Sin
What does the story of Cain & Abel show us?
A
failed human behavior, tendency to self-deception runs deep
-> we have an inner longing for self-destruction (desires and selfish urges to act for our own benefit)
18
Q
Sin
What are we to sin?
A
we are slaves to sin - romans 6:6
-> sin lives in us
19
Q
Sin
What makes us to sinners?
A
we are created in gods image, we are created to be “good” but our ability to choose (freedom) breaks that goodness
20
Q
Sin
Was Jesus sin-free?
A
YES!
-> he did not fail in loving god, he took responsibility
21
Q
Sin
How did Jesus still carry sin when he was sin-free?
A
he carried our sins in his body on the cross so that we might die to our sind and live to do what is right
22
Q
Sin
When is everyone free?
A
when we confess
23
Q
Sin
How do we deceive ourselves through sin?
A
we lie to ourselves, we know what is good and what is not
24
Q
Sin
Where is sin rooted, how does it make us act and waht does it break?
A
in evil. we choose. it breaks the image we are created in
25
# Sin
What is Mercy?
How god shows us love
-> the highest form of love god gives us
-> God's mercy is infinite
26
# Sin
What is the Danger of Mercy?
forgetting the consequences of sin, not only in our soul but other peoples soul
27
# Sin
What do we need to do in order to receive Mercy?
we need to recognise our need for a savior
-> CONFESSION
28
# Sin
What is Mercy without Justice?
nothing
29
# Sin
What is Justice?
to give the person what they deserve
30
# Sin
What do we deserve?
We do not deserve anything.
-> we do not buy gods love. we do not deserve it. he gives himself to us.
31
# Sin - Mercy, Justice and Sin
What is stronger?
Merce of love is stronger than Justice
32
# The 10 Commandments
When did God give us the 10 Commandments?
He gave them to Moses on the Mount Sinai after the Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt
33
# The 10 Commandments
Where can we find the 10 Commandments
in the old testament
-> exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5
34
# Sin
can a sin make a sacrament invalid?
no
35
# The 10 Commandments
What are the first 4 Commandments?
directed to God
1. You shall have no God's before me
2. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven images
3. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain
Remember the Sabbath day and keep it Holy
36
# The 10 Commandments
What are the 5-10th Commandments?
directed to other people
5. Honor your father and your mother
6. Thou shalt not kill
7. Thou shalt not commit adultery
8. Thou shalt not steal
9. Thou shall not bear false witness
10. You shall not covet
37
# Sin
What is Mortal sin?
Consciously disconnecting / cutting relationship with god
-> it requires 3 component parts
38
# Sin
What are the 3 components required to commit mortal sin?
1. Grave matter: needs to be bad (e.g. disrespect 10 commandments)
2. Knowledge: you need to know it is a sin
3. Consent: you need to do it volutarily - not be coerced!
39
# Sin
what are the steps to commit sin?
1. think about it
2. consent to it
3. planning
4. doing it
5. enyoing it
40
# Sin
What is sin doing?
Sin is crouching at your door, and its craving is to dominate you - Genesis
41
# Sin - Key concepts
What are Moral principles
fundamental beliefs that guides persons actions and decisions
-> Guidelines
42
# Sin - Key concepts
What are Virtues and Vices?
7 capital sins and counteracts
43
# Sin - Key concepts
What is moral action?
action that is chosen freely and has a moral consequence or motivation
44
# Sin - Seven Capital Sins
What are the Seven Capital Sins?
Vices that lead people away from God and into further sin
-> Deadly sins
45
# Sin - Seven Capital Sins
What are the 7 deadly sins?
1. Pride (excessive self-importance)
2. Greed (excessive desire for material things)
3. Lust (impure desires)
4. Envy (jealousy of others)
5. Gluttony (excessive indulgence)
6. Wrath (uncontrolled anger)
7. Sloth (laziness in spiritual and moral duties)
46
# Sin - Seven counteracts
What are the 7 Counteracts of the deadly sins?
1. Humility
2. Generosity
3. Chastity
4. Kindness
5. Temperance
6. Patience
7. Diligence
47
# Sin - Seven counteracts
What is Humility?
Recognizing ones limitations and dependence of God
-> modest view on oneself
48
# Sin - Seven counteracts
What is Generosity?
Selfless love and concern for others
-> giving without expecting anything in return
49
# Sin - Seven counteracts
What is Chastity?
Purity in thoughts, words and actions, honoring the dignity of oneself and others
-> especially in sexuality
50
# Sin - Seven counteracts
What is Kindness?
Showing compassion, empathy and a genuine desire for the good of others
51
# Sin - Seven counteracts
What is Temperance?
Practicing self-control and moderation in all aspects of life, especially with desires and pleasures
52
# Sin - Seven counteracts
What is Patience?
Enduring hardship, suffering or provocation calmly and without complaint
-> showing forgiveness and understanding
53
# Sin - Seven counteracts
What is Diligence?
Committing to work and responsabilities with perspective, care and a strong sense of duty
54
# Sin
Can we sin through thought?
Yes and No
-> sin always starts in the mind as thought but not everything that comes to our mind is a sin
55
# Sin
What are Venial sins?
minor transgressions
e.g. small lies, gossiping, being impatient, impure thoughts
-> not as severe as mortal sins, encouraged to be confessed in the sacrament of reconcilitation
56
# Sin
What are Venial sins considered as?
Less serious offenses against the divine law
57
# Sin
Do Venial sins cut off the sinner from God's grace?
No, but they weaken the individuals relationship with God
58
# Sin
Why do we confess?
To receive forgiveness and spiritual healing
59
# Sin
What are Mortal sins considered as?
grave offense against gods law
-> rejection of God's will
-> severe individuals relationship with God
60
# Sin
What happens in Mortal sin?
sinner is completely cut off from divine grace
61
# Sin
What do mortal sins require?
sincere repentance and confession in order for individual to be reconciled with God & Church
62
# Sin
Can all sins be forgiven?
yes
63
# Confession
What is so beautiful about Confession?
that people do not give up and the infinite mercy of god in action
64
# Confession
What kind of "place" is confession?
not a place of loosers but a place of people who are struggling, a place of victory over sin
65
# Confession
What wins in confession?
the humility
-> person is able to open their hearts to God, see where they have failed and ask for forgiveness
66
# Confession
Does a pries remember the sins of people?
no, god gives a gift for them to forget
-> God's masterpiece is fascinating, Sins are all the same - boring, garbage
67
# Confession
What does a priest offer in Confession?
real love, real mercy of God
-> that is all they have (life-changing power of jesus)
68
# Confession
Can a priest share what has been told?
no
69
# Confession
What do we have in confession?
an encounter with God
-> we have that in all sacraments
70
# Confession
What did Jesus already pay?
the price of our sins
-> he died on the cross for us. he wants a relationship with us. he makes himself present for this
71
# Confession
What happens between God and his children in Confession?
he wins his children back from sin
-> through the priest
72
# Confession
What must every priest who hears a confession do?
Penance for those people
73
# Confession
What does Confession reveal?
the heart of a priest
74
# Anointing of the Sick
What was Jesus known for in the gospel of Luke (a physician)?
for putting his hands over the sick and healing them
75
# Anointing of the Sick
What did Jesus healings announce and prove?
his message of a more radical healing
-> his victory over sin and death
76
# Anointing of the Sick
What was not part of Gods plan?
Death and Sickness
77
# Anointing of the Sick
When did Gods plan change?
Original sin: when Adam and Eve decided to sin
-> we turned ourselves apart from God
78
# Anointing of the Sick
What does Jesus offer through this sacrament?
the healing of the body and the union on the cross with christ
-> pain is united with his pain
79
# Anointing of the Sick
When does the healing of the spirit occurs?
in confession
80
# Anointing of the Sick
What does the priest say when annointing the sick person?
Through his holy annointing may the lord in his love and mercy help you with the grace of the holy spirit. may the lord who frees you from sin save you and raise you up
81
# Anointing of the Sick
What are the main 3 parts in Anointing of the sick?
1. prayer of faith (word of priest)
2. laying of hands (like confirmation)
3. the oil (special oil, sacred by bishop)
82
# Anointing of the Sick
What are the gifts of this sacrament?
1. gives us gift of holy spirit
2. unites us with passion of Jesus (suffering)
3. prepares us for our way back home with jesus
83
# Anointing of the Sick
What is VIATICUM?
preparations for the journey to heaven when we will unite with jesus and he will give us eternal life
-> only used when it is the last anointing of sick we receive
84
# Anointing of the Sick
What are the last rites?
1. Receiving Eucharist (Viaticum)
2. Annointing
3. Reconsiliation
85
# Anointing of the Sick
Who gets the Anointment?
a person who is really sick, undergoing surgery or experiencing frailty of old age
86
# Anointing of the Sick
When do we receive Anointment?
when we are close to death
87
# Anointing of the Sick
How and by Who do we receive Anointment?
by a priest: brings grace of God
88
# Anointing of the Sick
What are the rituals of Anointment?
- Preparation: priest prepares himself
- Introductory Rites: prayers, readings from scripture, laying of hands
- Anointing: anoints forehead and hands with oil
- Prayers of INtercession: priest and others may offer prayers for sick persons healing, comfort and strength
- Concluding rites: prayers of thanksgiving and blessing for sick person
89
# Anointing of the Sick
What is the focus on throughout the entire ritual?
sprititual and physical well-being of the sick person as well as their connection to the larger community of faith
90
# Sacraments of Service
What are the Sacraments of Service?
Marriage and Priesthood (Holy Orders)
91
# Sacraments of Service
What else do we call Marriage?
Holy matrimony
92
# Marriage
What are the 3 characteristics of Marriage?
faithful, fruitful and until death
93
# Marriage
What can we say, marriage is?
a sacred covenant between a man and a woman in the presence of God and the Faith community
94
# Marriage
What are the parts the Marriage consists of?
* Consent
* Exchange of rings
* Blessing & Prayers
* Declaration of Marriage
* Nuptial Mass
95
# Marriage - Key elements
What does Consent stand for?
they freely choose to exchange vows, promising to love, honor and cherish each other for the rest of their lives
96
# Marriage - Key elements
what does exchange of rings mean?
is is the symbol for their commitment and fidelity for each other
97
# Marriage - Key elements
What are blessing & prayer?
priest or minister offers prayers and blessings over the couple
-> involving gods grace and guidance
98
# Marriage - Key elements
What is the Declaration of marriage?
officiant declares the couple as husband and wife in the name of God & the Church
99
# Marriage - Key elements
What is the Nupital Mass?
sacrament of marriage is celebrated within the context of a Mass
-> couple receives the Eucharist
100
# Marriage
What is the Sacrament of Marriage viewed as?
a sacred union that mirrors the love and commitment between Christ and the Church
-> inted to be a life-long bond
101
# Marriage
What is Marriage characterised by?
mutual love, respect and support
-> as well as openess to the gift of children and the responsibility of family life
102
# Marriage
What is marriage considered?
a vocation - a calling of God to live out the values of love, sacrifice and service (in the commited relationship)
103
# Marriage
What does Nullity of the Marriage mean?
Invalid Marriage (it never existed)
-> union that is not recognized according to laws or principals of catholic church
104
# Marriage - Nullity of marriage
Which reasons are there for Nullity of the Marriage?
- Lack of consent
- Lack of capacity
- Legal Impediments
- Defect in Form
- Lack on Canonical Form
- Fraud or Deception
105
# Marriage - Nullity of marriage
What is Lack of consent?
if one or both parties did not freely and fully consent
-> being forced or not understanding commitment they were making
106
# Marriage - Nullity of marriage
What is Lack of capacity?
if one or both partners lacked mental or physical capacity to enter marriage
-> e.g. influence of drugs or alcohol
107
# Marriage - Nullity of marriage
What are Legal Impediments?
e.g. being already married, too closely related by blood or being the same sex
108
# Marriage - Nullity of marriage
What does Defect in Form mean?
in some religious traditions, marriage must be conducted according to specific rituals for them to be considered valid
109
# Marriage - Nullity of marriage
What is Lack of Canonical Form?
Must be conducted in accordance with canonical form (e.g. witnessed by a priest)
110
# Marriage - Nullity of marriage
What is Fraud or Deception?
If one party lied about fundamental aspects of Marriage such as identities, intentions or ability to fulfill marital obligations
111
# Marriage - Nullity of marriage
What may invalid marriages be subject to?
annulments or declared null and void by the relevant authorities, depending on circumstances
112
# Marriage - Nullity of marriage
What is Anullment of marriage?
a legal and religious declaration that marriage is null and void
-> basically: it never legally or sacramentally existed
113
# Marriage
What are some theological characteristics of Marriage?
- Good and desired by God
- I give myself to you completely and freely until death
- in image of trinity (love that gives life)
- evils of contraception (effects on relationship and biology)
- communication and not use of sexuality as obligation or manipulation
114
# Marriage
What is the relation between marriage and the Eucharist?
John Paul II made comparison between Eucharist and Marriage bed
-> analogy comes right from scripture
115
# Marriage
Where can we find the analogy of connection between Eucharist and Marriage bed in the bible?
Ephesians 5
-> "The one flesh union of husband and wife is a great mistery and it refers to christ in the church"
116
# Marriage
How is the union of man & woman and the union of Christ & church connected?
- union of man & woman is consummated on marriage bed
- union of christ & church is consummated on the altar
117
# Marriage
What is Liturgy?
we offer ourselves to God and he gives himself to us (especially through Eucharist)
118
# Marriage
What happens when husband and wife come together?
it is a mini-liturgy of love, a reflection of God's inner life
119
# Marriage
What did John Paul I say in the Theology of the body?
The body, and it alone, is capable of making visible what is invisible:
the spiritual and divine
120
# Marriage
How is liturgy related to marriage?
the way God related to us in the liturgy is deeply inspired by how love works in marriage
121
# Marriage
What is the connection between the Eucharist and Marriage in the Bible?
- Jesus in last supper: "this is my body given for you"
- Wedding vows: "I give myself to you, freely, totally, faithfully and truthfully"
122
# Marriage
What is consummation?
Total union
-> Bridegroom and Bride become "one flesh" in the marriage
123
# Marriage
Which metaphor can compare Marriage and the Eucharist?
Marriage is the mirror and Eucharist is the original
124
# Marriage
What is Epiclesis?
the calling of the Holy spirit upon the physical wolrd
-> physical reality becomes more than physical reality, it gets permeated and penetrated by the divine
125
# Marriage
Which sacraments contain Epiclesis?
every sacrament has it
-> physical reality encounters divine reality
126
# Marriage
What is the horror of contraception?
not wanting holy spirit in sexual encounter
-> holy spirit coming forth from love of the trinity, child coming forth from the love of husband and wife
127
# Marriage
What is Marital embrace?
meant to have God be part of the act
-> when we kick holy spirit out of sexual relationship, we kick out love
128
# Marriage
What can contraception be considered as?
"Barrier" between us and epiclepsis
129
# Marriage
What happens when we grow with God in a relationship?
we are embracing work of grace through the relationship
-> true love is not only creative, it is redeeming love
130
# Marriage
What is the bond in deep love?
the holy spirit
131
# Marriage
How does redemptive love happen?
through sacrifice on cross
-> the love that is really redeeming
132
# Sacraments of Service
What is the Sacrament of Priesthood?
sacrament through which men are ordained as bishops, priests, deacons, to serve the church in a special way
133
# Sacrament of Priesthood
What does the sacrament of Holy orders confers?
a special grace on those ordained, enabling them to fulfill their ministry faithfully and effectively
134
# Sacrament of Priesthood
What is the Sacrament of Holy orders considered?
an essential element in life of the church
-> ordained ministers play a vital role in continuing the mission of christ
135
# Sacrament of Priesthood
What are the three degrees of Holy Orders?
1. Bishop
2. Priest
3. Deacon
136
# Sacrament of Priesthood
What is a Bishop responsible for?
spiritual and administrative leadership of a diocese
-> have authority to ordain priests and deacons and to administer the sacrament of confirmation
137
# Sacrament of Priesthood
What does a Priest do?
they are ordained to serve as co-workers with the bishop in the pastoral care to the faithful within a parish or other ministry setting
138
# Sacrament of Priesthood
What does a Deacon do?
ordained to assist bishops and priests in their ministry
-> ordained for service, particularly in works of charity, proclaiming the Gospel, and assisting in the celebration of the liturgy
139
# Sacrament of Priesthood
What can a Deacon be?
permanent or transitional
-> if transitional: on path to priesthood
140
# Sacrament of Priesthood
Why are there no woman ordained priests?
catholic church does not have authority to ordain woman to the priesthood
-> based on theological, historical and scriptural arguments
141
# Sacrament of Priesthood
What are the theological reasons for women not being ordained priests?
Catholic Church holds that Jesus Christ is a man and as a man he acts
-> differences between male and female
142
# Sacrament of Priesthood
What are the scriptur/traditional reasons for women not being ordained priests?
Church points at example of Jesus only selecting male apostels, as well as the consistent practice of the apostels and their successors in ordaining only men to the priesthood
143
# Sacrament of Priesthood
What are the Magisterium reasons for women not being ordained priests?
Pope John in his apostolic letter "Ordinatio Sacerdotalis" in 1994 he declared, that "the church has no authority whatsoever to confer priestly ordination on women"
144
# Sacrament of Priesthood
What remains unchanged
the churchs teachings on the male only priesthood
-> even though women play many crucial roles within the catholic church (including leadership positions in various ministeris and organizations)
145
# Sacrament of Priesthood
Why are the missions between men and women different?
in catholic church, both men and women are called to various missions and roles within the church
-> each contributing to the life and mission of the church in unique ways
146
# Missions of Men in Church
What are the Missions of Men?
- Ordained Ministery
- Male religious life
- Missionary orders
147
# Missions of Men in Church
What is Ordained Ministery?
men are called to serve as bishops, priests and deacons
-> participating in sacramental life of the church, preaching gospels and providing pastoral care to the faithful
148
# Missions of Men in Church
What does Male religious life mean?
there are various male religious orders where men live as brothers and they do not ordain priests
149
# Missions of Women in Church
What are the Missions of Women in Church?
- Lay Ministery
- Religious Life
150
# Missions of Women in Church
What does Lay Ministery mean?
active participants in various lay ministeries within the church
-> including lectors extraordinary ministers of holy communion, choir members, and leaders of prayer groups and bible studies
151
# Missions of Women in Church
What does living a religious life mean for a woman?
Religious women, including nuns and sisters dedicate themselves to lives of prayer, community and service, engaging in ministeris such as education, healthcare, social justice and pastoral care
152
# Shared Missions in Church
What are Shared Missions?
- Catechesis and Formation
- Social Justice and Advocacy
- Family and parish life
- Healthcare
- Volunteer
153
# Shared Missions in Church
What is Catechesis and Formation?
Catechesis and Formation of the faithful
-> serving as teachers, mentors, and spiritual guides in parish religious education programs, schools and other settings
154
# Shared Missions in Church
What is Social Justice and Advocacy?
initiatives within the church, advocating for the dignity and rights of all people, especially the marginalized and vulnerable
155
# Shared Missions in Church
What is the Mission Family and parish life?
families and parish communities, serving as examples of love and compassion
156
Who is the most important woman in catholic history?
Mary
-> the mother of God (holds special and revered place)
157
# Mary
Is Mary considered more important than Jesus Christ?
no!
-> but: she has a unique role in salvation
158
# Mary - Roles
Which characteristics does Mary have?
- Mother of Jesus
- Mother of God (Theotokos)
- Immaculate Conception
- Model of Faith and Obedience
- Co-Redemptrix and Mediatrix
- Exemplar of Christian Discipleship
159
# Mary - Roles
What is the fundamental role of Mary?
the mother of Jesus Christ, who is believed to be the son of God and the Savior of Humanity
-> mary's yes to gods invitation to be mother of jesus is seen as pivotal moment in salvation history
160
# Mary - Roles
What does Mary's role as mother of God affirm?
her role in giving birth to jesus
-> he is both, fully human and fully divine
161
# Mary - Roles
What is Immaculate Conception?
Mary was conceived without original sin
-> belief emphasizes Mary's purity and holiness, making her a fitting vessel for the incarnation
162
# Mary - Roles
What is the Model of Faith and Obedience related to?
Mary's response to angel Gabriel
-> "let it be done to me according to your word"
163
# Mary - Roles
What do some believe about Mary's role?
that she interecedes for them before her son, christ
-> co-redemtprix and mediatrix
164
# Mary - Roles
When do people include Mary in their prayers?
when asking for her maternal assistence and protection
165
# Mary - Roles
What does it mean that Mary is an exemplar of christian Discipleship?
Mary's journey of faith, from her "fiat" at the annunciation to her presence at the foot of the cross
-> example of faithful discipleship and unwavening devotion to God
