Final exam Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the 4 stages of disaster management?
Prevention
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
What is a nursing role in prevention of disasters?
educating and administering vaccines
What are some nursing roles for the preparedness stage of disaster management?
nurses can take part in training and further education about what to do in case of a disaster
What are some nursing roles for the response stage of disaster management?
triage and help treat injuries alongside the rest of the healthcare team
What are some nursing roles during the recovery stage of disaster management?
nurses are needed to help care for the people that require long term care and rehabilitation as a result of the disaster
Describe diarrheal disease
-Mortality has decreases significantly over the past 30 years
-Impact the poor
-Cause of roughly 10% of deaths among children under 5
-Disease prevention strategies: promotion of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months, improved complementary feeding (after 6 months), rotavirus and measles immunization, improving access to clean water supply and sanitation, coupled with handwashing with soap
-Case management interventions include oral rehydration therapy, zinc supplementation, and selective antibiotics (as appropriate)
Describe the Zika virus
-A mild, self-limiting illness caused by a virus carried by mosquitoes
-Typically, only 20% of those infected have symptoms
-Signs and symptoms: acute onset of fever, rash, flu like symptoms, conjunctivitis, increased risk of Guillain-Barre syndrome
-Primary transmission is mosquitoes but can also transmit through sexual contact, from a pregnant woman to her fetus, and through blood transfusions
-Can cause birth defects like microcephaly
-No medications or vaccines, protect through mosquito netting, spray, etc. to prevent bites
-Treatment is supportive: rest, fluids, and Tylenol
Describe Mpox
-Common symptoms: skin rash or mucosal lesions which can last 2-4 weeks accompanied by fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, low energy and swollen lymph nodes
-Transmitted through close contact with an infected person, with contaminated materials, infected animals, during pregnancy/childbirth
-Treated with supportive care for symptoms such as pain and fever, with close attention to nutrition, hydration, skin care, prevention of secondary infections and treatment of co-infections, including HIV where present
What is the goal of public-private partnerships?
developing low-cost drugs, vaccines, and medical devices
What is a pull mechanism?
-pulls companies into making products by ensuring that they will make a profit if the product is produced
What is a push mechanism?
-pushing companies to do the research by decreasing the cost of researching a new product
What are some ways of controlling communicable diseases?
-vaccination
-vector control
-mass chemotherapy
What is a zoonotic disease?
a disease that is transmitted from an animal to a human
How can Ebola be transmitted?
-sexually
-through an infected animal
-direct contact with a dead body
What is an internally displaced person?
someone that is a person who has been forced to leave their home for religious or political reasons but have not crossed an international border
What is a refugee?
someone that has been forced to leave their home for religious or political reasons and has crossed an international boundary
What is the major source of emerging infection diseases?
the spread of disease from animals to humans
What is the leading cause of deaht in sub-saharan Africa?
HIV
What is the most important risk factor for Type 2 diabetes?
obesity
What is the most cost-effective way to reduce TB prevalence?
Directly Observed Therapy short-course (DOTS)
What is the lowest-cost method for improving health?
promoting hand washing with soap
What are short-term health burdens of household air pollution?
carbon monoxide poisoning
death
