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Chemistry Lab 1430 > Final Exam 2 > Flashcards

Final Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Once the concentration of the solution is known

A

Standard Solution

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2
Q

Any compound that is stable, pure, and completely reacts with known stoichiometry with the solution being standardized

A

Primary Standard

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3
Q

A reaction between an acid and a base

A

Neutralization Reaction

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4
Q

One dissociable proton

A

Monoprotic Acid

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5
Q

Two dissociable proton

A

diprotic acid

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6
Q

A technique of accurately measuring the volume of a solution required to react with another reagent

A

titration

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7
Q

Tell when a titration is complete

A

Inidactors

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8
Q

The form of an indicator (or anything) where the proton is attached

A

Protenated Form

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9
Q

The form of an indicator (or anything) where the proton is off of it

A

Deprotenated form

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10
Q

The point where the number of equivalents in the two reactants are physically equal

A

Equivalence Point

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11
Q

A process that permits the separation of a mixture into its components as a result of differences in rates at which the individual components of the mixture migrate through a stationary medium under the influence of a mobile phase

A

Chromatography

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12
Q

When components come off the column

A

Elution

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13
Q

Keeps track of how long it takes from when the sample was injected onto the column to when it comes off of the column into the detector

A

Gas Chromatograph

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14
Q

The amount of time between when a sample is injected onto the column and when it comes off of the column (characteristic for each compound)

A

Retention Time

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15
Q

The forces that exist between the molecules of a compound

A

Intermolecular Forces

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16
Q

Electrons are shared equally between atoms

A

Non-Polar Bond

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17
Q

There are no charges on the opposite ends of the molecule, or the charges have the same sign

A

Non-Polar Molecule

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18
Q

One atom exerts a greater attraction for the electrons than the other

A

Polar Bond

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19
Q

The ease at which a non-polar molecules electron cloud is distorted to set up a dipole

A

Polarizable

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20
Q
  • Exist between an ion and the partial charge on the end of a polar molecule
  • Very strong (40-60)
A

Ion-Dipole

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21
Q
  • Exist between neutral polar molecules
  • Effective when molecules come very close to each other
  • 5-25 kJ/mol
A

Dipole-Dipole

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22
Q
  • Special type of dipole-dipole
  • Exist between hydrogen atom and an unshared pair of electrons
  • 20-60 kJ/mol
A

Hydrogen Bonding

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23
Q
  • Occur when two non-polar molecules approach each other and distort their electron clouds
  • Electron clouds temporarily redistribute
  • Strength depends on polarizability (0.05-40)
A

London Dispersion

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24
Q

Contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in the volume of solvent at that temperature

A

Saturated Solution

25
Contains less than the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in the volume of solvent at that temperature
Unsaturated Solution
26
Any solution that contains more than the maximum amount of solute dissolved in the volume of solvent at that temperature
Supersaturated Solution
27
Known by watching the liquid disappear into the other liquid
Miscibility
28
Partially soluble in solvent (two layers are seen, but some of the bottom liquid went into the top liquid)
Partially Miscible
29
Physical properties that depend on a solute concentration
Colligative Properties
30
The difference in freezing point of a liquid when a solute is added
Freezing Point Depression
31
Deals with how fast chemical reactions occur
Chemical Kinetics
32
Increases activation energy of a reaction
Catalyst
33
Decreases the activation energy of a reaction
Inhibitor
34
Particles (molecules) must collide at the proper bond angle and with the proper amount of speed for them to go from reactants to products
Collision Theory
35
- Contains the solution being analyzed - Cuvette
Sample Cell
36
A phototube and measures the intensity, I, of the light transmitted from the sample cell
Detector
37
- Indicates the intensity of the transmitted light
Meter
38
Corresponds to the percent of light being transmitted through the sample
% Transmittance
39
Computer calculates from %T
Absorbance
40
For a given substance, the amount of light absorbed depends upon concentration, cell path length, wavelength, and the solvent
Beer's Law
41
The time required for the concentration of a reactant to decrease to half of its initial concentration
Half-Life
42
No change in amounts of products or reactants in a reaction
Equilibrium
43
When some stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will shift in a direction to relieve the stress and establish a new state of equilibrium
La Chatliers Principle
44
The strength of an acid is related to its ability to donate a proton
Bronsted Lowry Base
45
2nd Equivalence Point of Diprotic Acid
HA -> H+ + A-
46
1st Equivalence Point of Diprotic Acid
H2A -> H+ + HA
47
Aqueous solutions which resist changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of an acid or base
Buffers
48
The equilibrium constant for the equilibirum between an ionic solid and its saturated solution
Solubility Product Constant
49
The number of moles of the solute that dissolves in forming a liter of saturated solution
Molar Solubility
50
Energy is neither created nor destroyed
1st Law of Thermodynamics
51
The free energy change associated with a chemical reaction is a measure of the driving force or spontaneity of the processSol - Can be calculated at a standard state or not
Gibb's Free Energy
52
A cell where chemical reactions produce electrical energy
Voltaic Cell
53
Cells where energy is used to bring about chemical changes
Electrolytic Cell
54
The ion conducting medium used to physically and chemically separate two half-cells in an electrochemical cell
Salt Bridge
55
Where oxidation occurs
Anode
56
Where reduction occurs
Cathode
57
The measure of the thermodynamic tendency for the reaction to occur
Cell Potential
58
Means a substance has a type of bonding similar in magnitude to that of a solvent making it a good possibility that the substance will dissolve in the solvent
Like-Dissolves Likes
59

Chemistry Lab 1430 (4 decks)

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