Final Exam Flashcards

Question

A. Lavoisier

Answer 1

Law of conservation of matter

Answer 2

In a chemical reaction matter cannot be created nor destroyed. Only change forms

Answer 3

A brief statement or mathematical equation that summarizes a large amount of results and predicts future results

Answer 4

Very detailed explanation of what is happening

Answer 5

Science is the answer. It will solve our problems

Answer 6

Wrote silent spring. Led to green chemistry

Answer 7

Reduce wasteSafer solvents

Answer 8

Characteristics displayed without change in composition. Color, phys state, odor, etc. dissolve. It disperses doesn't change.

Answer 9

Rust, fire, inert, chemical reactions

Answer 10

Solid lowestLiquid middleGas highest

Answer 11

Particles packed closely together in fixed positions. Incompressible. Independent shape and volume

Answer 12

Particles in close contact but freely nice past one anotherIndependent volume

Answer 13

Particles separate from one another. Large gaps between particles. Compressible Takes shape and volume of container

Answer 14

Answer may only have as many decimal places as the original value with the fewest

Answer 15

Answer may only have as many sig figs as original value with the fewest

Answer 16

Contain 2 or more pure substances not chemically combined. Fairly easy to seperate

Answer 17

Composed of one type of atom or molecule.

Answer 18

Uneven distribution of components. Oil &water

Answer 19

Even distribution. SolutionsMilk; soda

Answer 20

Composed of one type of atom

Answer 21

Smallest part of an element that still has properties of that element

Answer 22

Composed of two or more types if atoms

Answer 23

2 or more atoms chemically bonded together.

Answer 24

Atomic element

Answer 25

Molecular element

Answer 26

Molecular compound

Answer 27

Ability to do work or cause change

Answer 28

Stored E. E of position. Energy in chem bonds

Answer 29

E of motion. Thermal

Answer 30

Energy is neither created it destroyed

Answer 31

energy required to raise 1g of water 1C

Answer 32

Boiling 212 F 100 C 373KFreezing 32F. 0C. 273KAbs Zero -460 F. -273C 0K

Answer 33

Law of definite proportions

Answer 34

Any given compound is always composed of the same elements in the same mass ratio

Answer 35

Law of multiple proportionsAndAtomic theory

Answer 36

Elements may combine in a variety or ratios but a different compound will result

Answer 37

Periodic law

Answer 38

When we arrange elements according to their atomic mass their proportions occur periodically

Answer 39

Cathode ray tube

Answer 40

Plum pudding model(Discovered electron)

Answer 41

Atom composed if positively charged stuff with negatively charged particles randomly embedded

Answer 42

Nuclear model

Answer 43

Atom is mostly empty space. W/dense central nucleus. Inside are positivity charged particles (protons). Electrons outside nucleusStadium peas(elephant) fly

Answer 44

Discovered neutron. Inside nucleus with protons. No charge

Answer 45

Sum of protons plus neutrons

Answer 46

Number of protons

Answer 47

Same atomic number Diff atomic mass

Answer 48

Planetary modelEnergy levels 2nsquared

Answer 49

Electrons in hugest n levelMost reactive

Answer 50

Alkali metals

Answer 51

Alkaline earth metals

Answer 52

Noble gases

Answer 53

Left of zig

Answer 54

Right of zig

Answer 55

On zig except Al

Answer 56

Represents valence electrons

Answer 57

Phosphorus

Answer 58

2 species w/same total e-

Answer 59

atom with overall negative charge

Answer 60

atom with overall positive charge

Answer 61

atom that carries an overall charge

Answer 62

metal nonmetal-ending changed to ide

Answer 63

end in -ate

Answer 64

a charged particle consisting of two or more covalently bonded atoms. They remain together through most chemical reactions

Answer 65

– molecular compounds (covalent) share electrons, and form between two non-metals. Ionic give electrons and form between a metal and nonmetal

Answer 66

– different elements = usually polar, same element = nonpolar

Answer 67

a measure of the attraction of an atom of that element in a molecule for a pair of shared electrons. Atoms on the right of periodic table are more electronegative than those on the left. Atoms at top of a column are generally more electronegative than the bottom.

Answer 68

Sodium Hydroxide (POLYATOMIC)

Answer 69

mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca

Answer 70

6.022 x 10^23 atoms/molesaka 1 mole

Answer 71

solute: item in lesser amount. Solvent: Item in greater amount (usually does the dissolving)

Answer 72

moles of solute/L of solution

Answer 73

ability to do work or cause change

Answer 74

Energy of position (stored E)

Answer 75

Energy of Motion

Answer 76

breaking requires input of energy (endothermic)Bond formation releases energy (exothermic)

Answer 77

the amount of energy required for a reaction to occur

Answer 78

lowers E of Activation

Answer 79

degree of disorder

Answer 80

increase in E input but temp stays the same

Answer 81

amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance a given amount. i.e. solid to liquid

Answer 82

Copper(I) = Cu^1+Copper(II) = Cu^2+

Answer 83

Iron(II) = Fe^2+Iron(III) = Fe^3+

Answer 84

Pb^2+ lead(II) ion Pb^4+ lead(IV) ion

Answer 85

Sn^2+ tin(II) ion Sn^4+ tin(IV) ion

Answer 86

Acetate ion

Answer 87

Hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) ion

Answer 88

Hydroxide ion

Answer 89

Nitrate ion

Answer 90

Carbonate ion

Answer 91

Sulfate ion

Answer 92

Phosphate ion

Answer 93

Ammonium ion

Answer 94

Study of composition of matter and the changes it undergoes

Answer 95

Continuous view

Answer 96

1700sObservation, hypothesis, experimentation, analyzation

Answer 97