Final Exam

Question 1

Exercise is important for muscles because helps maintain __________ and __________.

Answer 1

Strength and flexibility

Question 2

The skin regulates body temperature by enabling _______ ________ to escape from the body.

Answer 2

Excess heat

Question 3

___________ are the bones that form the backbone.

Answer 3

Vertebrae

Question 4

___________ is a strong connective tissue that holds movable joints together.

Answer 4

ligament

Question 5

____________ is the type of tissue that lines your digestive track and allows you to digest and absorb the nutrients food.

Answer 5

epithelial

Question 6

During photosynthesis the cells uses energy in __________ to make _________.

Answer 6

sunlight, food

Question 7

Photosynthesis benefits heterotrophs by creating _______ that they can eat.

Answer 7

food

Question 8

How are photosynthesis and respiration related? They have _____________ equations.

Answer 8

opposite

Question 9

Each rung of the DNA ladder is made up of a _______ of nitrogen _________.

Answer 9

pair , bases

Question 10

Sugar molecules can combine and form large molecules called ____________.

Answer 10

starches

Question 11

When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a(n) __________.

Answer 11

compound

Question 12

A species is a group of similar organisms that can ________ with each other and produce ________ offspring.

Answer 12

mate, fertile

Question 13

Differences between members of the same species are called ____________.

Answer 13

variations

Question 14

14. ___________ is a term that refers to a species that no longer has any living members?

Answer 14

extinct

Question 15

What theory proposes that evolution occurs steadily in tiny changes over long periods of time?

Answer 15

gradualism

Question 16

What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galápagos Islands? Their ________ were adaptations related to the foods the finches ate.

Answer 16

beaks

Question 17

Which of the following is most likely to become preserved as a fossil? Leaf, worm, jellyfish, or a clam shell.

Answer 17

clam shell

Question 18

__________ are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Answer 18

arteries

Question 19

Why is atherosclerosis especially serious when it develops in the coronary arteries? It can lead to a ________ ____________.

Answer 19

heart attack

Question 20

If your pulse rate increases, your heart is beating __________ than before.

Answer 20

faster

Question 21

Hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure is consistently __________ than normal.

Answer 21

higher

Question 22

__________ is the step in the water cycle in which water vapor becomes liquid water.

Answer 22

condensation

Question 23

24. The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one Celsius degree is called a

Answer 23

calorie

Question 24

________ is the structure(s) that enable(s) the small intestine to absorb large amounts of nutrient.(

Answer 24

Villi

Question 25

A _____________ is a unit used to measure energy.

Answer 25

calorie

Question 26

The energy your body needs comes from ____________.

Answer 26

food

Question 27

What process involves muscle contractions that move food through the esophagus? ____________(519)

Answer 27

peristalsis

Question 28

________ is the organ that produces bile.(

Answer 28

liver

Question 29

If a homozygous black guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb), what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur?_____________

Answer 29

100%

Question 30

What is the chromosome theory of inheritance? __________ are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes.

Answer 30

genes

Question 31

______________ is the term that refers to physical characteristics that are studied in genetics.

Answer 31

traits

Question 32

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is ___________.

Answer 32

homozygous

Question 33

A heterozygous organism has two ______________ alleles for a trait.

Answer 33

different

Question 34

Chromosomes are made up of many ___________ joined together.

Answer 34

genes

Question 35

What is the goal of technology? To improve the way people ___________.

Answer 35

live

Question 36

What is the first thing you should do if an accident occurs? Notify your ___________

Answer 36

teacher

Question 37

______________________ are observations that deal with a number or amount.

Answer 37

quantitative observations

Question 38

A person who is trained to use both technology and scientific knowledge to solve practical problems is known as a (n) _____________.

Answer 38

engineer

Question 39

How does magnification occur in an electron microscope? An _______ beam creates an image.

Answer 39

electron

Question 40

Which organelles store food and other materials needed by the cell? ________________

Answer 40

vacuole

Question 41

What do all living things need to survive?

Answer 41

water

Question 42

One characteristic used to place organisms into kingdoms is their ability to make

Answer 42

their own food

Question 43

Spontaneous generation is a mistaken idea because living things are produced only by ________ ___________.

Answer 43

living things

Question 44

What is a genome? all the ________ in one cell of an organism.

Answer 44

DNA

Question 45

Sex-linked genes are genes on the _______ and ________ chromosomes

Answer 45

X,Y

Question 46

Hemophilia is caused by a(n) _____________ allele on the X chromosome.

Answer 46

recessive

Question 47

What genetic disorder results in abnormally shaped blood cells? _____________

Answer 47

sickle-cell disease

Question 48

Many characteristics are affected by interactions between genes and the __________________.

Answer 48

the environment.

Question 49

Angiosperms that live for more than two years are called _____________.

Answer 49

perennials.

Question 50

Root hairs help a plant absorb __________ and ___________.

Answer 50

water, nutrients

Question 51

The smallest unit of ecological organization is a single _________________

Answer 51

organism

Question 52

If you count 20 beetles in a garden measuring 5 square meters, the population density of the beetles is ______ beetles per square.

Answer 52

4

Question 53

A group of antelope leaving the herd in search of better grassland is an example of _____________.

Answer 53

emigration

Question 54

The behaviors and physical characteristics of species that allow them to live successfully in their environment are called ____________.

Answer 54

adaptations.

Question 55

When a jellyfish paralyzes a tiny fish with its poisonous tentacles, the fish is the ___________.

Answer 55

prey

Question 56

The Escherichia coli that live in your intestine and help break down food are an example of which type of interaction?

Answer 56

mutualism

Question 57

All the different populations that live together in an area make up a(n) _______________.

Answer 57

community.

Question 58

When a flea is living on a dog, the dog is the ___________.

Answer 58

host

Question 59

Which substances are produced during respiration? _______________ and ___________.

Answer 59

carbon dioxide and water

Question 60

What happens to cause air to be exhaled from the lungs? The ____________ relaxes and moves upward.

Answer 60

diaphragm

Question 61

Over time, smoking can irritate the breathing passages, which may become clogged with mucus. This condition is called___________.

Answer 61

bronchitis

Question 62

In some reflex actions, skeletal muscles contract without the involvement of the ___________.

Answer 62

brain

Question 63

The brain and spinal cord make up the ____________ nervous system.

Answer 63

centeral

Question 64

Because of the way in which the lens of the eye bends light rays, the image produced by the lens is _______________.

Answer 64

upside down

Question 65

A fungus–plant root association is an example of _____________mutualism.

Answer 65

symbiotic

Question 66

Where would fungi NOT likely thrive? Wet or dry climate (circle)

Answer 66

dry climate

Question 67

Fungi that decompose dead organisms return important __________ to the soil.

Answer 67

nutrients

Question 68

Why are viruses like parasites? They _______ the cells they enter.

Answer 68

harm

Question 69

A virus’s proteins are important because they help the virus _________ to its host.

Answer 69

attach

Question 70

How does a vaccine work? It activates the body’s ____________ defenses.

Answer 70

natural

Question 71

The stage of respiration that releases most of the energy in glucose occurs in the __________.

Answer 71

mitochondria

Question 72

What happens during cytokinesis in animal cells? Two new ___________ _________ are formed.

Answer 72

daughter cells

Question 73

During what stage of the cell cycle does replication occur?

Answer 73

interphase

Question 74

The regular cycle of growth and division that cells undergo is called _____ ________ _________.

Answer 74

the cell cycle.

Question 75

Which term refers to the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane? _____________

Answer 75

osmosis

Question 76

How can smoking lead to emphysema? by destroying __________ tissue

Answer 76

lung