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Oceanagraphy 101 > Final-Exam 3 > Flashcards

Final-Exam 3 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

how do Autotrophs make energy/food?

A

they make their own food by

  • generating organic carbon from inorganic CO2
  • they are also phototrophs
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2
Q

how do heterotrophs make energy/food?

A

they eat to get energy

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3
Q

how do mixotrophs make energy/food?

A

they do both, eat to get energy and make their own food

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4
Q

the amount of solar energy that hits ocean surface is dependent on what?

A
  • latutude
  • season
  • weather
  • time of day
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5
Q

depth of light penetration depends on:

A
  • absorption of different wave lengths by water

- amount light aborbing stuff in water (phytoplankton)

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6
Q

what is the euphotic zone?

A

the water depth where there is sufficient sunlight to carry out photosynthesis

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7
Q

what is productivity?

A

the amount of organic matter which is accumulated during a given period of time

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8
Q

what is primary production?

A

the production of organic matter from inorganic matter

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9
Q

how do oceanographers measure productivity?

A
  • amount of oxygen produced is directly related to amount of CO2 taken up
  • incubation experiments
  • biomass concentration
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10
Q

What do phytoplankton produce?

A

half the oxygen and organic carbon generated on our planet each year

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11
Q

Why is phytoplankton biomass only 0.2% of the land plant biomass?

A
  • very little carbon is stored in phytoplankton

- most of it is eaten

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12
Q

why are phytoplankton important?

A

they are the base of the marin food web

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13
Q

Describe plankton

A

they are limited to their ability to move spontaneously

  • diverse group
  • small in size (single cells)
  • fast reproduction time
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14
Q

what are the 3 main kinds of plankton?

A

-phytoplankton
-zooplankton
-bacterioplankton
(bacteria and archaea)

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15
Q

what are phytoplankton?

A

“grasses” of the sea

  • algae
  • photosynthetic
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16
Q

what are the 4 main groups of phytoplankton?

A
  • coccolithophores
  • diatoms
  • dinoflagellates
  • cyanobacteria
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17
Q

what are most common type of phytoplankton?

A

diatoms

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18
Q

what kind of cell are dinoflagellate?

A

flagellated cells

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19
Q

what kind of cell is a diatom?

A

-they are unicellular

exist as colonies or by themselves

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20
Q

what kind of cell is cocccolithophores?

A

unicellular (single celled)

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21
Q

What are the determining characteristics (size, shell material, motility) of Diatoms?

A

size:?
shell material:
motility:?

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22
Q

What are the determining characteristics (size, shell material, motility) of coccolithophores?

A

size:?
shell material:?
motility:?

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23
Q

What are the determining characteristics (size, shell material, motility) of dinoflagellates?

Study These Flashcards
A

size:?
shell material:?
motility:?

24
Q

What are the determining characteristics (size, shell material, motility) of cyanobacteria?

Study These Flashcards
A

size:?
shell material:?
motility:?

25
why are zooplankton important?
- primary consumers of phytoplankton - important link in marine food web - cyclers of carbon and nutrients
26
what are the main types of heterotrophs in the ocean?
- zooplankton - bacteria and archaea (bacterioplankton or microbes - viruses
27
what are the 2 general categories of zooplankton?
- holoplankton | - meroplankton
28
What are the determining characteristics (size, shell material, motility) of zooplankton?
size: from 1mm to several meters motile: cant't swim against currents shell material:?
29
What do zooplankton do feed on?
phytoplankton or each other
30
what is the difference between holoplankton and meroplankton?
- holoplankton spend entire life as plankton | - meroplankton only spend part of their life in plankton larvae
31
What are the determining characteristics (size, feeding style, time in plankton, life cycle) of zooplankton?
size: 1mm to several meters feeding style: suspension feeders or predators motile: cant swim against currents
32
How much of a Holoplankton lifes do they spend as plankton?
time in plankton: spend entire life as plankton
33
How much of a Meroplankton life do they spend as plankton?
time in plankton: spend part of their life in plankton larvae
34
What are the determining characteristics (size, feeding style, time in plankton, life cycle) of Microbes?
size: 0.2 - 2 um feeding style: decomposers/recyclers life cycle: reproduction called BINARY FISSION (asexual and fast growth rate)
35
why are marine bacteria important?
major roles in - photosynthesis - respiration - marine food web - nutrient cyclin
36
which phytoplankton creates the most photosynthesis?
cyanobacteria
37
what controls productivity? aka what are two ways biomass is controlled?
top down- biomass is controlled by consumption bottom up-biomass is controlled by the availability of energy or food
38
What are the specific controls on primary production/biomass?
bottom up - light - nutrients - water column stratiication top down -consumption
39
are phytoplankton autotrophs or hetertrophs?
autotrophs (produce their own food)
40
are zooplankton autotrophs or hetertrophs?
heterotrophs(can't make their own food)
41
why is puet sound so productive?
- the drifters of puget sound - macro-nekton - bottom dwellers (benthos)
42
what are benthos?
the organisms that live on, in , or near the seabed
43
what are the 3 benthic organisms?
- infauna - epifauna - epibenthos
44
what are infauna organisms?
species that live wholly or partly in the substrate
45
what are epifauna organisms?
animals living or attached to the ground
46
what are epibenthos organims?
animals that live in association with the seafloor , but swim temporally above it (prawns,crabs.flatfish)
47
what are examples of macrofauna animals?
starfish,mussels,clams,crabs
48
what are examples of meiofauna animals?
very small molluscs, worms, crustacean groups
49
what are examples of microfauna animals?
protozoans and ciliates
50
what do benthic organisms eat?
-predators -suspension feeders -deposit feeders (obtain food particles by sitting through the soil)
51
what does biomass decrease with?
- depth - hydrothermal vents - cold methane seeps - whale falls
52
What is HABs?
Harmful Algal Blooms
53
what do HABs do/ Where do they come from?
they come from blooms of phytoplankton that can cause detrimental effects
54
What are HABs effects?
- foam/slim - toxic to humans/organisms - cause low oxygen condtions aka kills fish
55
What are the 3 basic HAB types?
- indiscrimnate kill of marin fauna - selective fish kilers - toxic vectoring through food chain

Oceanagraphy 101 (1 decks)

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