Final Exam

Question 1

What made Baroque “Bad Music?”

Answer 1

Criticisms:

• lacked melody
• too dissonant
• changed meter/key
• overly elaborate
• overly decorated

Question 2

Basso continuo

Answer 2

Continuous Bass

Question 3

Monody

Answer 3

Music in which one part or the melody predominates

Question 4

Opera

Answer 4

• Staged drama, sung throughout, with music designed to convey the characters emotion.
• desire to recreate emotional power attributed to ancient greek drama

Question 5

Italian Opera musical components

Answer 5

Source material: Monody, Madrigals, instrumental music

Operatic extensions: recitatives and arias, choruses; dances, sinfonias, and ritornelli

Question 6

Monteverdi

Answer 6

earliest repetoire still in use 2day

-“Orfeo” has HUGE instrumentation

Question 7

Progression of Operatic Structure

Answer 7

early-fluid continuity among passages of recitative, aria

late-strict seperation b/t declamatory/speech-like reciatives and lyrical/song-like arias

Question 8

Concerto

Answer 8

Voice and instrument

Question 9

Cantata

Answer 9

early baroque chamber music

Question 10

Sonata

Answer 10

Instr. chamber music

Question 11

Toccata

Answer 11

genre of keyboard music (improvisatory)

Question 12

Ricercar

Answer 12

keyboard music, strict counterpoint

Question 13

Oratorio

Answer 13

Semi-dramatic vocal genre

• unstaged, religious, biblical
• included narrorator, characters, chorus
• accomp by basso continuo
• generally in latin

Question 14

Oratorio develelpes its content to…

Answer 14

…be more related to the counter reformation. also to invigorate catholicism.

Question 15

Carissimi

Answer 15

• wrote # of oratorios
• served as chapel master in rome
• style was recitative mixed w/ metered sections
• composed Jepthe

Question 16

Jepthe

Answer 16

Story of (makes vow to god 'if I'm winner, I will sacrifice 1st person he sees' It's his daughter)
-employs narrorator, characters, chorus, and tone painting for desired emotion

Question 17

Recitative

Answer 17

recitative, style of monody (accompanied solo song) that emphasizes and indeed imitates the rhythms and accents of spoken language, rather than melody or musical motives.

Question 18

Heinrich Schutz

Answer 18

• brought new Italian Baroque style of the early 17th century to germany
• laid line for great list of german composers (including J.S. Bach)

Question 19

Baroque Suite

Answer 19

• Instrumental genre consisting of several mvts in same key, some all based on dance forms
• consist of stylized dances
• traits include: meter, tempo, rhythmic traits, affect”

Question 20

Standardized Baroque Suite form

Answer 20

1. Allemande
2. Courante
3. Sarabande
4. Gigue

Question 21

Performance Practice

Answer 21

-difference b/t whats on the page and how a musician realizes that notation in performance

Question 22

Tirades/overdotting

Answer 22

playing of a dotted rhythm so it sounds like extra dots were added. Longer duration than what was written

Question 23

Note inegales

Answer 23

unequal 1/8 notes

Question 24

Baroque in New World

Answer 24

Grand blending of Baroque styles

Question 25

Los Coflades...

Answer 25

-fusion of baroque/indigenous new world traits

Question 26

Henry Purcell

Answer 26

Composed Dido and Aneas - use of dance for dramatic purpose - fused w/ French: overture, dance, chorus, Italian: arias, also uniquely English style of recitative

Question 27

Opera Seria

Answer 27

- Principal genre of international opera 1700 | - focus is not drama, rather star singers virtuosity

Question 28

Opera Seria Form

Answer 28

A- instrumental, vocal w/orch, repeate B-contrasting B section of text A- Da capo, improvised vocal ornamentation

Question 29

The Castrato

Answer 29

Opera Seria's most prestigious voice type | -male singer who's vocal range was kept through castration before puberty

Question 30

Sonata da Camera

Answer 30

-Mvts are stylised dance, performance in "private chambers"

Question 31

Sonata da chiesa

Answer 31

- intended for performance within church services | - slow-fast-slow-fast

Question 32

Vivaldi

Answer 32

-composed operas, sacred vocal music, concertos, ordained a priest

Question 33

Baroque Productivity:

Answer 33

Compositional aim-not to create singular masterpiece, but rather create exemplary model of its genre -interest in hearing new examples not "classic" examples

Question 34

Buxtehuede

Answer 34

Europes most famous organist. Influenced J.S. Bach

Question 35

Rameau

Answer 35

40s-Reputation as most significant music theorists of all time 50s/60s-leading opera and ballet composer in paris

Question 36

Rameau's Theory

Answer 36

- triad/7th chord primal elements in music - fund. bass- chord maintains its identity even in inversion - driven forward by dissonance, comes to rest in consonance - established hierarchies of fundamental tonalities

Question 37

Telemann

Answer 37

3000 works in all genres | -Paris Quartets: summary of Telemann's successful synthesis of international Baroque

Question 38

Couperin

Answer 38

blending of French and Italian styles

Question 39

L'art de toucher le clavecin

Answer 39

Gave detailed instructions on how to play Couperin's pieces. said some people didn't follow and it sounded like shit.

Question 40

Harpsichord

Answer 40

Manual (keys), plectrum (plucker)

Question 41

Organ

Answer 41

Stops/ranks, manual, pedal board, bellows

Question 42

Clavichord

Answer 42

Tangent, fretted/unfretted

Question 43

Bach

Answer 43

- one voice/instrument to a part - trained choirs for performance - responsibility to write new cantata every service (over 200 written) - organ virtuoso, keyboard composer, and master-composer of contrapuntal works - major works unknown (not for amateur performance) - well employed - learned italian style, french style, baroque-era adaptability, contrapuntal genious

Question 44

Bach cantata form:

Answer 44

instrumental, big chorus/orchestra section, alternating recitatives/arias, concludes w/ harmonized chorale

Question 45

Handel

Answer 45

synthesis of Italian, French, German, and english | -Handel was internationally renown

Question 46

English Oratorio

Answer 46

- unstaged concert performance - during lent - libretto dramitizes a sacred plot - recitative, da capo arias, and choruses