Final exam Flashcards
(20 cards)
Sarah Bagley
Came to Lowell Mills in 1837
Lived in Boarding house and worked in a mill (had bad conditions, paid only $1 week, lived with 50 others, ect)
She organized the first trade union of industrial women in the US:
Lowell Female Reform Association (tried to get better conditions for the mills- failed)
Charles Finney
Minister and leader of 2nd Great Awakening in 19th century
tried to abstain from sin- sex and drinking
Believed that you could choose good and heaven and everyone could live sin free
gave ppl home
Transportation Revolution
Rapid expansion of canals, steamships and railroads during the 19th century
Livingston and Fulton introduced steamship in 1807
canal boom followed eerie canal being completed- led to cheaper shipping
the first railroad revolutionized transportation and changed lives
Andrew Jackson
Law school and veteran (impressed ppl)
was a democratic president in 1828 and 1832
owned and defended slavery
indian removal act in 1830 allowed Jackson to exchange public land for Indian territories
(forced 5 tribes west- “trail of tears”)
didn’t want national bank, so when re-elected he took 10 million out and put it in state banks
Cotton gin
invention that made cleaning of S cotton easy and cheap
1793 invention by Eli Whitney
boosted economics and slavery
machine removed major obstacle to cotton cultivation and gave plantation slavery a new meaning
Slave Resisance
pretended to be sick, ran away or poisoned masters
Abolitionists: Garrison, Douglas and Brown
Revolt: Dred Scott (sued for freedom)
William Garrison
Abolitionist who wrote Liberator in 1831- popular slave journal
1st made New England Anti Slave Society
2nd made American Anti Slavery Society- much bigger
wanted to show ppl that slavery was a sin and was angry that the constitution allowed slavery
followers were called Garrisonian Abolitionists
Cali Gold Rush
1848-1849 when young men ran to Cali hoping for gold
50% of pop was 20 yr olds
chinese immigrants worked in mines
mining companies and camps formed
women came to work- some were prostates or nurses
Miners were mean to NA- ate all the game and kidnapped their kids for apprentices
mostly men were unsuccessful
Fredrick Douglas
born into slavery
escaped in 1838 to NYC dressed as a salior
joined Abolitionist society
involved in Garrisonian, spoke at meetings about harsh cond. of slavery
felt AA should be more represented in Abolitionist movement, went off on own and wrote North Star
Compromise of 1850
series of bills involving the future of slavery
4 sections-
Cali would be a free state
Utah and New Mex could make own choices about slavery
Trading slaves banned in Wash DC
Fugitive Slave Act (Feds have to help capture runaway slaves or else be fined)
Mexican American War
1845-1848
started cause US began taking land from Mex
sparked by Annexation of Tex
Santa Anna- pres of Mex
US won- better weapons, more supplies and organized
ended with treaty of Guadalupe-hidalgo (1/3 of mexican territory became US)
Kansas Nebraska Act
in 1854
repealed Missouri Compromise of 1820
wanted Nebraska and Kansas to be able to decide if they wanted slavery
ppl from Missouri came to Kansas to vote to help it free
ended up having 2x more ppl- illegal bc not Kansas residents
John Brown
Abolitionist in mid 1850s led small group to seize federal arsenal in virginia referred to as jesus caused a divide- S wanted slavery even more N expressed more reservations failed- several men died and he was hung
Missouri compromise
1819 Missouri became a free state
upset 11 free 11 slave states
compromise to regain balance- Maine= free
Line across Louisiana purchase prohibited slavery N of the line
Dred Scott
1857 in Illinois (free state)
Dred Scott sued 4 freedom after master RIP
Judge said-
can’t sue if not citizen
blacks aren’t citizens
Missouri compromise was not constutional bc it violated the protection of property
decided Dred Scott would stay enslaved
Confederate women
During 1860s supported war cause by: textile production slave management agricultural labor sewing flags & uniforms became teachers or nurses began to feel lonely, wrote letters to Confed Pres for men to come home
14th Amendment
defined blacks as citizens guaranteed equal rights approved my Andrew Johnson in 1866 Cancelled out Dred Scott decision Created conflict with President Johnson many ppl didn't want it and tried to impeach him
KKK
1866 it was formed as a social group in Tennessee Have hooded costumes and secret passwords became terrorist against AA voters wanted white supremacy
Compromise of 1877
deal that gave republicans the presidency
restored democratic power in South
forgot freedmen rights and democratic promised to treat southern blacks fair
Frederick Douglas express anger at republic conventions of 1876
Essay 2
Origins in Africa: African slavery exhisted • Was not based on race • Permanent or hereditary • Became slaves as a punishment • Slaves still had rights African empires: • Mali- Malinke ppl, Islam religion and trade and agriculture based. • Kingdom of Kongo- mbaza was the urban capital, center of trade. Portroguese brough Christianity in Journey through the Atlantic Slave Trade 9.5 million slaves brought to the americans agricultureal labor • rice • sugar • coffee • tobacco The Middle Passage • Journey to enslavement • 4-8 weeks on a ship • high mortality bc they were so close together • rebellions Experiences in North America North • Slaves= less than 10% of the population • Rural vs Urban o Rural: worked with indentured servants and learned English o Urban: house servants, cooked, cleaned, water gardens and sometimes lived with masters • Two regions o Mid Atlantic o New England Experiences in North America Continued South: • Relied on slaves • By 1750, slaves were almost half the population • Difficult living conditions • Task and gang system • Four regions: o Backcountry o Rice coast o Tobacco coast o Jamestown Influences on political life • Voting rights- o African American votes counted for 3/5 of a vote • Compromise of 1850 • Missouri compromise o Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state • Kansas Nebraska Act How Politicians negociated Over land and status of slaves • Like in Kansas Nebraska act • And compromise of 1850 Dred Scott Case Fugitive slave act Contributions to civil war South was really depend on slavery • For economics • And labor Secession of the south • Abe Lincoln elected in 1860 • Tried to compromise with N and S • Tried to hold onto Fort Sumter, VA but Jefferson David wanted it to surrender • Souther states began to succeed and became completely separated from the north • Elected a different president- Jefferson David
